Molecules, wing pattern and distribution: an approach to species delimitation in the "loxurina group" (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Penaincisalia)

The wide range of morphological variations in the “loxurina group” makes taxa identification difficult, and despite several reviews, serious taxonomical confusion remains. We make use of DNA data in conjunction with morphological appearance and available information on species distribution to delimit the boundaries of the “loxurina” group species previously established based on morphology. A fragment of 635 base pairs within the mtDNA gene cytochrome oxidase I (COI) was analysed for seven species of the “loxurina group”. Phylogenetic relationships among the included taxa were inferred using maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood methods. Penaincisalia sigsiga (Bálint et al), P. cillutincarae (Draudt), P. atymna (Hewitson) and P. loxurina (C. Felder & R. Felder) were easily delimited as the morphological, geographic and molecular data were congruent. Penaincisalia ludovica (Bálint & Wojtusiak) and P. loxurina astillero (Johnson) represent the same entity and constitute a sub-species of P. loxurina. However, incongruence among morphological, genetic, and geographic data is shown in P. chachapoya (Bálint & Wojtusiak) and P. tegulina (Bálint et al). Our results highlight that an integrative approach is needed to clarify the taxonomy of these neotropical taxa, but more genetic and geographical studies are still required.

Catalogue of the Doubleday collection of Lepidoptera.

Prepared by Andrew Murray.

[Lepidoptera reprints]

Made up set; supplied title.

[Lepidoptera: life histories and economic relations.]

Made up set; supplied title.

I. Arrays of sex pheromone traps and the important variables affecting catches of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Linneaus [sic]) Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae /

"May 1980."

Catalogue of diurnal lepidoptera of the family Satyridae in the collection of the British Museum.

Mode of access: Internet.

[Papers on lepidoptera,

Made up set; supplied title.

[Papers on Noctuidae. Vol. 1-2]

Made up set; supplied title.

A catalogue of the Lepidoptera found in the Huddersfield District. Macro-lepidoptera,

Mode of access: Internet.

Lepidoptera of the Congo, being a systematic list of the butterflies and moths collected by the American Museum of Natural History, Congo expedition, together with descriptions of some hitherto undescribed species.

Reprinted from Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, Vol. XLIII, art. VI, pp. 109-369.

[Miscellaneous papers on Lepidoptera, extracted from various periodicals]

Made up set; supplied title.

Contributions toward a monograph of the noctuidae ...

Part 3: Contributions toward a monograph of the Noctuidae of Boreal America, from Transactions American Entomological Society, xxvi.

The Lepidoptera of Barro Colorado Island, Panama.

Mode of access: Internet.

Lepidoptera.

Mode of access: Internet.

Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalænæ the British Museum.

Mode of access: Internet.