Da resistência à luta pela visibilidade: um estudo sobre o modo de vida de jovens de comunidades faxinalenses

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo central compreender as perspectivas de futuro de jovens faxinalenses. Para isso, buscamos entender as particularidades de sua forma de vida, desafios, problemas, potencialidades, sua relação com as comunidades e os possíveis fatores que influenciam na aproximação ou distanciamento entre eles e seus territórios. Os faxinais constituem uma forma particular de organização camponesa reconhecida como Comunidade Tradicional. Possuem como principal característica o uso de áreas em comum, chamadas de criadouro comunitário. Neste espaço, as famílias criam seus animais à solta, preservam grande parte da vegetação nativa, constroem suas casas e mantêm a dinâmica comunitária. Quanto ao uso comum das áreas, muitos proprietários permitem que não proprietários de terras morem e usufruam da área do criador comunitário, a partir de acordos estabelecidos entre os envolvidos. Historicamente, os faxinais vêm sofrendo fortes pressões por grande parte do sistema econômico, do modelo de agricultura considerada moderna e do poder público, que invadem seus territórios, destroem a natureza, geram preconceito, forçam a diminuição e o fechamento das áreas de uso comum, e expulsam famílias das comunidades. Apesar de intensas pressões, inúmeras famílias seguem resistindo e dando continuidade ao seu tradicional modo de vida. Para compreender as estratégias de resistência e as perspectivas de futuro, participamos de espaços coletivos das comunidades, empreendemos oficinas, conversas informais com lideranças comunitárias e com os jovens, sendo que com os jovens ainda realizamos, em grupos, a técnica percurso comentado. A partir das análises dos dados obtidos em campo, sistematizamos algumas estratégias que as comunidades faxinalenses utilizaram e utilizam para resistir a condições sociais e econômicas degradantes, que, no limite, visam à sua finalização. Interpretamos a relação das comunidades com o Movimento Articulação Puxirão dos Povos Faxinalenses (APF) como essencial para o desenvolvimento das estratégias, que se manifestam na educação, na geração de renda, nas associações comunitárias, na produção agroecológica, nos espaços coletivos, na religiosidade e no enraizamento, que promovem relações diferenciadas com o território e com o modo de vida. Fatores que mobilizam formas de resistência, fortalecimento das comunidades, reorganização das tradições e, consequentemente, contribuem com a construção de planos e perspectivas de futuro dos jovens faxinalenses, que lutam e resistem pela manutenção e desenvolvimento de suas comunidades

Controversy between curriculum design and curriculum development of online "highly specialized" education in the field of construction

Nowadays, on a global level, the Higher Education System has a complex and broad horizon of curricular tools to use in the teaching and learning process. In addition to these new educational instruments, full of possibilities, we face specific socio-economic conditions that affect in a significantly way the Curriculum Development in certain knowledge areas (areas traditionally built on a methodology based on a physical presence of students in the classroom). Some areas such as Restoration, Rehabilitation or Construction Pathologies, and the construction sector in general, require very defined and particular knowledge that only a small number of experts claim as specialized training. All these aspects condition the teaching methodology performed in a physical classroom at a university campus (the only option used until recent years) and made us consider the integration of online teaching in these areas too. The present work shows the teaching methodology used for the development of two online courses, where we offer distance learning for "highly specialized" formation in the Edification area (an area where traditionally there was only classroom training). At the beginning, both courses were designed by classroom training, but got a really small number of applications due to the specialized topic proposed. Later, we proposed a "Curriculum Redesign" of the contents, offering an online modality, which implied a significant demand both within and outside the university area. A notable feature of this educational experience is the great spectrum opened for attendees of both courses in the online version. This situation improved significantly the "Curriculum Development" for the student and implied an interesting new proposal on the offered contents and materials (what would have been really difficult to get in a face to face classroom). In conclusion, the absence of certain types of specialized contents in the academic university curricula makes essential to raise new methodologies to save the gap in this area through additional training courses as those analyzed in this paper. Thus, our experience opens a debate on the appropriateness of implementing online training in relation to the face to face training in constructive content subjects and, especially, presents a new scheme, not without controversy, for the curriculum design.

Kikulacho [videorecording] =: The bite within

This documentary shows how Kenyan leaders are to blame for the social injustices suffered by Kenyans since the attainment of independence from the British. The issue of land and land clashes, corruption, irregularities in elections and the constitution are some of the highlights of this documentary.

Diary of John Page, 1757-1781

Manuscript volume. The first thirty-nine pages include diary entries from Page's years as an undergraduate student at Harvard College. Dated July 1757 through March 1761, entries includes short notes about daily activities. Topics covered include expenses, academics, clothing, and travel to and from Cambridge. Twenty-two pages covering 1764 through 1781 contain brief listings of items, generally foodstuffs, received from male and female Danville parishioners identified by name in Danville. The final twenty-six pages contain notes listing area deaths, as well as his own thoughts on topics such as "of light" and "jealousy." The concluding pages include rules "Concerning Grammar."

Commonplace book of Nathaniel Freeman, 1786-1787

Nathaniel Freeman made entries in this commonplace book between 1786 and 1787, while he was an undergraduate at Harvard College. The book includes the notes Freeman took during three of Hollis Professor Samuel Williams' "Course of Experimental Lectures," and cover Williams' lectures on "The Nature & Properties of Matter," "Attraction & Repulsion," and "The Nature, Kind, & Affections [?] of Motion." These notes also include one diagram. The book also includes forensic compositions on the subjects of capital punishment, the probability of "the immortality of the soul," and "whether there be any disinterested benevolence." It also includes a poem Freeman composed for his uncle, Edmund Freeman; an anecdote about Philojocus and Gripus; an essay called "Character"; a draft of a letter to the Harvard Corporation requesting that, in light of the public debt, the Commencement ceremonies be held privately to lower expenses and exhibit the merits of economy; and an "epistle" to his father, requesting money. This epistle begins: "Most honored sire, / Thy son, poor Nat, in humble strains, / Impell'd by want, thy generous bounty claims."

Nouveaux memoires touchant le Mexique ou la Nouvelle Espagne: recueillis sur les lieux avec une attention particulière par Mr. de Montségur, capitaine de vaisseaux du roy catolique pendant les annees 1707 et 1708 : manuscript, [17--]

Manuscript, in an unidentified hand, with revisions and corrections in a different hand [Monségur?].

Pittsburgh -- Atlantic

Shows also part of Delaware.

Pittsburgh -- Atlantic

Shows also part of Delaware.

Mexico

[drawn by Erwin Raisz].

England

[drawn by Erwin Raisz].

Adriatic -- Baltic

Cross section of a part of Eastern Europe and the Balkan Peninsula, from Kaliningrad in the north to Dubrovnik in the south.

Tibet -- C. Asia

Cross section of the area in Asia starting with Chittagong and Dhaka in the south to Stalinsk [Novokuznetsk, Sakha (Russian Federation)] in the north.

China N-S

[drawn by Erwin Raisz].

S. Africa

[drawn by Erwin Raisz].

Déjà-vu (again): The Lisbon Treaty Referendum in Ireland. IHS Political Science Series No. 133, February 2013

There has been an increasing use of direct democracy in the form of referendums on aspects of European integration. Two such referendums have been held in Ireland in 2008 and 2009 with the outcome changing from a No to a Yes vote. This paper addresses the question of what explains the change in outcome in two referendums on essentially the same document. It will do so by looking at the role of the campaign in providing information and hence reducing uncertainty, the importance of issue frames and the impact of domestic considerations on vote choice. It is suggested that there has not been a change in underlying attitudes but a change in how the Irish electorate weighed the same factors differently at both referendums. In addition, a change in economic conditions at the time of the second referendum also had an effect on how voters decided the second time around.