Estudo de um secador híbrido (solar-elétrico) para desidratação de frutas

The growing need for food is something that worries the world, which has a population that is growing at a geometric progression while their resources grows at an arithmetic progression. To alleviate this problem there are some proposals, including increased food production or reduce waste thereof. Many studies have been conducted in the world in order to reduce food waste that can reach 40% of production, depending on the region. For this purpose techniques are used to retard degradation of foods, including drying. This paper presents a design of a hybrid fruit dryer that uses solar energy and electric energy with automation of the process. To accomplish drying tests were chosen Typical fruits with good acceptability as processed fruits. During the experiments were measured temperature values at different points. Were also measured humidity values, solar radiation and mass. A data acquisition system was built using a Arduino for obtaining temperatures. The data were sent to a program named Secador de Frutas, done in this work, to plot the same. The volume of the drying chamber was 423 liters and despite the unusual size test using mirrors to increase the incidence of direct radiation, showed that the drier is competitive when compared with other solar dryers produced in Hydraulic Machines and Solar Energy Laboratory (LMHES ) UFRN. The drier has been built at a cost of 3 to 5 times smaller than industrial dryers that operate with the same load of fruit. And the energy cost to produce dried fruits was more feasible compared with such dryers that use LPG as an energy source. However, the drying time was longer.

Método híbrido para projeto de superfícies seletivas em frequência

This thesis presents a hybrid technique of frequency selective surfaces project (FSS) on a isotropic dielectric layer, considering various geometries for the elements of the unit cell. Specifically, the hybrid technique uses the equivalent circuit method in conjunction with genetic algorithm, aiming at the synthesis of structures with response single-band and dual-band. The equivalent circuit method allows you to model the structure by using an equivalent circuit and also obtaining circuits for different geometries. From the obtaining of the parameters of these circuits, you can get the transmission and reflection characteristics of patterned structures. For the optimization of patterned structures, according to the desired frequency response, Matlab™ optimization tool named optimtool proved to be easy to use, allowing you to explore important results on the optimization analysis. In this thesis, numeric and experimental results are presented for the different characteristics of the analyzed geometries. For this, it was determined a technique to obtain the parameter N, which is based on genetic algorithms and differential geometry, to obtain the algebraic rational models that determine values of N more accurate, facilitating new projects of FSS with these geometries. The optimal results of N are grouped according to the occupancy factor of the cell and the thickness of the dielectric, for modeling of the structures by means of rational algebraic equations. Furthermore, for the proposed hybrid model was developed a fitness function for the purpose of calculating the error occurred in the definitions of FSS bandwidths with transmission features single band and dual band. This thesis deals with the construction of prototypes of FSS with frequency settings and band widths obtained with the use of this function. The FSS were initially reviewed through simulations performed with the commercial software Ansoft Designer ™, followed by simulation with the equivalent circuit method for obtaining a value of N in order to converge the resonance frequency and the bandwidth of the FSS analyzed, then the results obtained were compared. The methodology applied is validated with the construction and measurement of prototypes with different geometries of the cells of the arrays of FSS.

Método híbrido para projeto de superfícies seletivas em frequência

This thesis presents a hybrid technique of frequency selective surfaces project (FSS) on a isotropic dielectric layer, considering various geometries for the elements of the unit cell. Specifically, the hybrid technique uses the equivalent circuit method in conjunction with genetic algorithm, aiming at the synthesis of structures with response single-band and dual-band. The equivalent circuit method allows you to model the structure by using an equivalent circuit and also obtaining circuits for different geometries. From the obtaining of the parameters of these circuits, you can get the transmission and reflection characteristics of patterned structures. For the optimization of patterned structures, according to the desired frequency response, Matlab™ optimization tool named optimtool proved to be easy to use, allowing you to explore important results on the optimization analysis. In this thesis, numeric and experimental results are presented for the different characteristics of the analyzed geometries. For this, it was determined a technique to obtain the parameter N, which is based on genetic algorithms and differential geometry, to obtain the algebraic rational models that determine values of N more accurate, facilitating new projects of FSS with these geometries. The optimal results of N are grouped according to the occupancy factor of the cell and the thickness of the dielectric, for modeling of the structures by means of rational algebraic equations. Furthermore, for the proposed hybrid model was developed a fitness function for the purpose of calculating the error occurred in the definitions of FSS bandwidths with transmission features single band and dual band. This thesis deals with the construction of prototypes of FSS with frequency settings and band widths obtained with the use of this function. The FSS were initially reviewed through simulations performed with the commercial software Ansoft Designer ™, followed by simulation with the equivalent circuit method for obtaining a value of N in order to converge the resonance frequency and the bandwidth of the FSS analyzed, then the results obtained were compared. The methodology applied is validated with the construction and measurement of prototypes with different geometries of the cells of the arrays of FSS.

Un algoritmo híbrido para el problema NRP con interdependencias

En este artículo presentamos un algoritmo híbrido para una variante del problema de la siguiente versión (NRP). En esta variante existe un conjunto de requisitos para los que se dispone de una estimación del esfuerzo necesario para su implementación y de la satisfacción percibida por los potenciales clientes con la inclusión de dichos requisitos. Entre estos requisitos existen relaciones de interdependencia, que establecen a ciertos requisitos como prerequisitos de otros, o que obligan a implementar determinados requisitos simultáneamente en caso de incluirse alguno de ellos en la siguiente versión del producto a desarrollar. Dado un límite superior de esfuerzo prefijado, el objetivo es seleccionar un subconjunto de requisitos que cumpla todas las restricciones y maximice la satisfacción global de los clientes. La propuesta combina heurísticas con técnicas exactas para una versión simplificada del problema. El rendimiento del algoritmo resultante en distintos escenarios realistas se compara con el de otras técnicas metaheurísticas previamente empleadas

Nuevo simulador híbrido cadavérico/sintético para la enseñanza de técnicas intervencionistas para tratamiento del dolor refractario

Se presenta un nuevo simulador para el entrenamiento y evaluación de técnicas intervencionistas bajo visión fluoroscópica en medicina del dolor que permite realizar los procedimientos más utilizados a nivel de cabeza y cuello, tronco, región lumbosacra y pelvis. En el trabajo se desarrolló una inclusión de material óseo cadavérico en material sintético versión no transparente color piel y transparente para entrenamiento en bloqueos bajo visión ecográfica y fluoroscópica combinados. El Nuevo Simulador Híbrido se basó en la inclusión artesanal de material óseo cadavérico dentro de un tejido de material sintético emulando, con elevado realismo, el modelo humano. En la experiencia de los educandos que realizaron los talleres durante el año 2014 expresaron alta satisfacción comparando a pacientes reales, cadáveres frescos y simuladores sintéticos. Este desarrollo permite, como características principales: a) repetir cada procedimiento las veces necesarias para que cada educando alcance un estándar mínimo exigible y disminuya el número y tipo de errores posibles propios de cada técnica; b) entrenar adecuadamente para los procesos de certificación; c) facilitar evaluar la eficacia de entrenar con estos modelos frente al entrenamiento en pacientes reales u otras formas de entrenamiento (simuladores o cadáveres frescos); d) mejorar la accesibilidad por su bajo costo evitando la complejidad de la preservación de tejidos, y e) permitir, en opinión del autor, reducir la curva de aprendizaje en un medio seguro para paciente, educando, docente y el sistema de salud y universitario.

Silagem do bagaço de sorgo sacarino

Brazilian sweet sorghum is used to generate ethanol and the bagasse is burned in industrial boilers or deposited on soil polluting the environment. This study evaluated the performance of sorghum plants and its bagasse silage nutritional value aiming to use it in the ruminant nutrition. Experiments were set up on the UTFPR campus at Dois Vizinhos-PR. The first trial was established on October 2nd, 2012 using the genotypes ADV 2010, Hunnigreen, Sugargraze, Volumax, BR 505, 503, 501 and the second trial at 2013 on November 27th assessing the materials ADV 2010, Sugargraze, Hunnigreen, EX 5110, BR 506, 508, 509 and 511. Experimental was laid out as a randomized block design with three replications. Results were analyzed through ANOVA comparing the averages by Duncan test at 5% error probability. As field variables were evaluated: plant height (Pl hei), green mass production (GM Prod), percentage of leaves, stems and panicles in relation to the plant, stems production without straw (Prod stems with straw), whole stems production (Who stems Prod), stem diameter (Stem diam), juice production (Juice prod) and Brix degree (oBrix). After juice plant extraction, forage bagasse was crushed and packed in silos for 60 days and green matter yield was estimated (GM). In bagasse silage gauged to buffer capacity (BC), dry matter (DM), mineral matter (MM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), total carbohydrates (TC), non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFCH), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin (LIG ) and digestibility "in vitro" (DIGIV). There was no significant difference (P> 0.05) between genotypes regarding to green matter production and on average, the second crop yield was lower and reflected in the reduction of bagasse production. Bagasse silage DM was of 32.3% and 33.1%; NDF 73% and 65.8%, crude protein 3.8% and 5.9; pH 3.7 and 3.7; TC and 9.8 and 10.7. mg MS-1; the amount of NFCH was 11.1 and 13.5%; DIG of DM 36.9 and 62.4% for the respectively to the bagasse produced from materials grown in the 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 seasons. Hybrid genotypes had a better agronomic performance while the varieties were more efficient in bromatological indexes. And despite the high percentage of NDF and the low protein level, it is possible to feed ruminants with this coproduct.

Digestibilidad de una mezcla de sorgo con un complejo enzimático en dietas para cerdos

Para determinar la digestibilidad total aparente de la materia seca (DMS), energía (EDA), y nitrógeno (DAN) de una mezcla de sorgo (MSO) con un complejo enzimático (CE) en dietas para cerdos en crecimiento, se realizó un experimento en dos periodos de ocho días cada uno. Se utilizaron 24 cerdos (35 kg de peso vivo) distribuidos en un diseño de bloques al azar (periodo como bloque) con cuatro dietas y seis cerdos por dieta en un arreglo factorial de tratamientos 2 × 2. Los factores fueron dos ingredientes (MSO y maíz) con o sin CE resultando en las siguientes dietas: basal con maíz (DBM); DBM con la adición del CE (DBM+CE); dieta a base MSO (DMSO) y DMSO+CE. Los cerdos fueron alojados individualmente en jaulas metabólicas para la recolección total de heces. Los datos fueron analizados mediante el programa estadístico PROC MIXED de SAS, aplicando pruebas de ANAVAR, utilizando el procedimiento GLM-Tukey. No se encontró efecto del CE sobre las variables evaluadas. La EDA varió significativamente (P = 0,003) entre los dos ingredientes con valores de 3641,49 ± 42,95 kcal/kg MS y 3540,61 ± 55,82 kcal/kg MS para DBM y DMSO, respectivamente. La DAN fue mayor (P = 0,002) en la DBM (81,75±1,55 %) con respecto a la DMSO (77,06 ± 3,44%). Se concluye que la adición del CE no afectó la DMS, DAN y EDA de la mezcla de granos de sorgo evaluada en dietas para cerdos en crecimiento.

Digestibilidad fecal aparente de partidas de sorgo con diferentes contenidos de taninos, sometidos a distintas tecnologías de procesamiento en cerdos

Con el objetivo de determinar el aporte en nutrientes digestibles para cerdos de dos tipos de sorgo procesados por distintos métodos, se realizó una prueba de digestibilidad fecal aparente (DFA) con cerdos en recría. Se estudiaron seis dietas: T1: maíz molido (MM); T2: sorgo alto tanino (SAT) molido (SATM); T3: SAT extrusado (SATE); T4: silo de grano húmedo de SAT (SSAT); T5: sorgo de bajo tanino (SBT) molido (SBTM); T6: silo de grano húmedo de SBT (SSBT). Se utilizaron 18 cerdos, tres por tratamiento, con un peso promedio de 36,5 kg, alojados en jaulas de digestibilidad individuales. El periodo experimental comprendió siete días de acostumbramiento y cinco de recolección de heces. Se suministraron dos tomas diarias iguales, de una cantidad de materia seca equivalente el 6 % del peso metabólico corporal. Se realizó recolección total de heces. Se determinó la DFA de materia seca (MS), materia orgánica (MO), proteína cruda (PC) y energía bruta (EB). Se estimó el aporte en base seca de Proteína Digestible y Energía Digestible. Los resultados de DFA de MS, MO, PC y EB, en porcentaje, fueron respectivamente, MM: 90,27; 90,18; 81,65; 89,74; SATM: 89,45; 89,29; 73,31; 88,96; SATE: 90,78; 90,64; 81,94; 91,24; SSAT: 83,58; 83,41; 49,11; 83,22; SBTM: 91,23; 91,09; 72,63; 90,83; SSBT: 93,16; 93,05; 83,55; 92,78. Se concluye que el SBTM, el SSBT y el SATE tienen un valor nutritivo equivalente al maíz.

Estudos e propriedades mecânicas de um novo tipo de bloco cerâmico híbrido para edificações em alvenarias estruturais

This dissertation presents a hybrid ceramic block the use of which reside in the buildings executed with walls. Initially, we conducted a survey on the requirements and / or norms prevailing in Brazil about structural ceramic blocks, making use of the experiences in other countries. This work seeks new materials and / or products in order to maintain or increase the compressive strength of the ceramic blocks, without neglecting the other properties. Then was collected materials (clay and crushed powder) and an approach on the characterization, through fluorescence, Mineralogy, vitrification curve and characterization of these materials used in the manufacture of the blocks by Ray Diffraction "X" and SEM. Subsequently it was made, numbered and measured dimensions of about 150 bodies of the test piece (hybrid ceramic blocks in small sizes) with varying percentages of 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% substitution of crushed clay powder. After sintering of the bodies of the test piece at temperatures of 900oC, 1000oC 1100oC and with a heating rate of 5oC/minuto and level of 1 hour, the samples were submitted to the tests (compressive strength and water absorption) and calculated their retractions, which were subsequently carried out the analysis of the results according to the criteria and parameters required by Brazilian legislation and standards in force

Efeito da embalagem, periodo e local de armazenamento na qualidade de sementes do sorgo.

Sementes de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) cv. EA-955 foram condicionadas em latas de metal vedadas, sacos de pano e de polipropileno e armazenadas sob condicoes naturais, em quatro localidades do Estado do Ceara: Fortaleza, Quixada, Morada Nova e Ubajara, com o objetivo de determinar a influencia da embalagem do local e do periodo de armazenamento sobre a qua qualidade fisiologica. Mensalmente, foi determinado o teor de umidade das smentes, e a cada dois meses a qualidade das sementes era avaliada por meio de testes de germinacao, vigor (comprimento da raiz) e peso seco de plantulas. Utilizou-se um delineamento no esquema fatorial, no qual os fatores eram cinco periodos de armazenamento (0, 2, 4, 6 e 8 meses) e tres tipos de embalagem (lata, pano, polipropileno), com quatro repeticoes. Durante o periodo de armazenamento, observou-se ser a lata de metal a embalagem que melhor preserva a qualidade das sementes. No que se refere aos locais, constatou-se que as smentes armazenadas um Ubajara mostraram melhor qualidade do que as sementes estocadas nas outras localidades.

BRS ARAGUAIA: híbrido de melão amarelo, produtivo e saboroso.

Equipe técnica: Valter Rodrigues Oliveira, Leonardo Silva Boiteux, Agnaldo Donizete Ferreira de Carvalho, Ailton Reis, André Nepomuceno Dusi, Carlos Alberto Lopes, Celso Luiz Moretti, Geni Livtin Villas Bôas, Ítalo Moraes Rocha Guedes, Jadir Borges Pinheiro, João Maria Charchar, Leonora Mansur Mattos, Mirtes Freitas de Lima, Ronessa Bartolomeu de Souza, Werito Fernandes de Melo, Gláucia Salles Cortopassi Buso, Marco Antônio Ferreira, Fernando Antonio de Souza Aragão, Francisco das Chagas Vidal Neto, Waldelice Oliveira de Paiva, João Ribeiro Crisóstomo, Ricardo Elesbão Alves, José Luiz Mosca, Heloisa Almeida Cunha Figueiras, Antônio Apoliano dos Santos, Nivaldo Duardo Costa (CPATSA), Joston Simão de Assis (CPATSA), Rita de Cássia Souza Dias (CPATSA), José Amauri Buso, Marcos Coelho.