Relações interorganizacionais e eficiência coletiva: um estudo de caso no arranjo produtivo local de confecções do Agreste de Pernambuco

This work is a study in the Local Productive Arrangement of confections from Agreste of Pernambuco, as a relevant sector in economic and social aspect. This research has as central aim to understand how the inter-organizational relations influence the collective efficiency of arrangement. The theoretical framework employed highlights the approaches that deal with the benefits of business agglomeration for the develop­ment of firms and regions. It has discussed the approach of small and medium enter­ prises and industrial districts (SCHMITZ, 1997), which introduce the concept of col­ lective efficiency, explaining that only those externalities explained by Marshall (1996) are not sufficient to explain the competitive advantage of enterprises, expand­ing the idea that organizations achieve competitive advantage not acting alone. To examine the influences of relations in the collective efficiency, it has been taken as analytical perspective theory of social networks (GRANOVETTER, 1973, 1985; BURT, 1992; UZZI, 1997) because it has believe that this approach provides subsi­ dies for a structural analysis of social relationships in face the behavior of human ac­tion. By examining the organizations in a social network, you should understand the reason of this establishment of the relationship, their benefits, and as the information flow takes place and density of links between the actors (Powell; SMITH-DOERR, 1994). As for the methods, this study is characterized as a case study, in according to the purposed objectives, in addition to qualitative method. Also, due to recovering of the historical milestones of the arrangement, it is used a sectional approach with longitudinal perspective (VIEIRA, 2004). The primary and secondary data were used in order to understand the evolutionary process of the sector and their inter-actors re­ lationships in the arrangement for the promotion of development, for both, was used the contend and documentary analysis technique, respectively (DELLAGNELO ; SIL­VA, 2005). The approach of social networks has permitted understand that social re­lationships may extend the collective efficiency of the arrangement, and therefore need to develop policies that encourage the legalization of informal companies in ar­rangement, by showing up themselves representative. Thus, the relations estab­ lished in LPA of confections from Agreste of Pernambuco need for more effective mechanisms to broaden the collective efficiency. Therefore, this way as take place has directly benefited only a group of companies that are linked in some way the sup­portive institutions. So we can conclude that the inter-actor relations have limited the collective efficiency of LPA, being stimulated by the institutions in support only to groups of entrepreneurs, even those that produce external relations for all clustered companies

Sex steroid feedback regulation of pituitary gonadotropins during early secondary oocyte growth in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) – a potential target of endocrine disruption.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Representações sobre a leitura e sua influência em práticas educativas: um estudo no 1.º ciclo de Bolonha

É amplamente reconhecida a relevância crescente da leitura no século XXI, enquanto requisito fundamental para um exercício de cidadania responsável e crítico. Por outro lado, tal como acontece com outros aspetos da vida social, a investigação reconhece a influência exercida pelas representações sociais sobre a nossa compreensão do caráter multifacetado das práticas de leitura. Tal peso assume particular relevo no que diz respeito aos estudantes do Ensino Superior, nomeadamente aos futuros profissionais da Educação, pela sua responsabilidade acrescida na formação de leitores autónomos e críticos, privilegiando a sua motivação para a leitura e o seu desempenho em compreensão na leitura. No entanto, em Portugal, poucos estudos focam as representações sobre a leitura destes estudantes e sua influência em práticas educativas futuras. Nesse sentido, realizámos um estudo cujos objetivos de investigação foram: i) Identificar e caracterizar as representações de estudantes a frequentar um primeiro ciclo de estudos de Bolonha sobre: a sua motivação para a leitura; o seu desempenho em compreensão na leitura; os fatores que os influenciariam; as competências em leitura do seu futuro público; estratégias didáticas orientadas para a motivação para a leitura e o desenvolvimento da compreensão na leitura no seu futuro público; ii) determinar a influência das representações sobre estes aspetos nas suas práticas futuras relacionadas com a motivação para a leitura e o desenvolvimento da compreensão na leitura; iii) conceber, implementar e avaliar um plano de formação em Didática do Português, visando a promoção da competência didática dos estudantes, orientada para a motivação do seu futuro público para a leitura e o desenvolvimento da compreensão na leitura. Neste estudo, participaram 53 estudantes, inscritos na unidade curricular de Iniciação à Leitura e à Escrita, integrada no 3.º ano do plano de estudos da Licenciatura em Educação Básica da Escola Superior de Educação de Viseu, no 1.º semestre do ano letivo de 2012/2013. Foram objeto de uma intervenção didática, integrada no módulo programático consagrado à leitura, que durou quatro semanas. Face aos objetivos traçados, optámos por uma abordagem de natureza qualitativa, tendo como referencial metodológico o estudo de caso único. Foram utilizados vários instrumentos de recolha de dados: para os relativos às representações, usámos um questionário, uma reflexão escrita individual e duas fichas de trabalho; para os relacionados com o desempenho, recorremos a um relatório escrito de um trabalho prático de planificação e fundamentação de atividades, com uma componente individual e outra realizada em grupo. Todos os dados recolhidos foram objeto de análise de conteúdo, complementada por uma análise estatística descritiva (frequências absolutas e relativas). O nosso estudo permitiu-nos concluir que as representações sobre a leitura destes estudantes podem ser encaradas como um constructo multifacetado e complexo, no qual assume centralidade o conhecimento, associado à valorização da leitura em contexto escolar, sendo relegada para segundo plano uma dimensão mais afetiva da leitura. Tais representações seriam influenciadas por múltiplos fatores. No que respeita à motivação para a leitura, tais fatores incluiriam o género, o estatuto sociocultural, as práticas de literacia familiar e académica, os hábitos de leitura, o gosto pela leitura e preferências de leitura. O desempenho em compreensão na leitura, de caráter multidimensional, seria influenciado pelas estratégias que os estudantes mobilizariam durante a leitura, pela sua atitude de persistência quando confrontados com dificuldades e pela facilidade com que leriam com fins informativos, académicos e recreativos. Concluímos igualmente que tais representações sobre a leitura se repercutiriam nas práticas educativas futuras dos estudantes relacionadas com a motivação para a leitura e com o desenvolvimento da compreensão na leitura. A intervenção didática realizada teria concorrido para os dotar de algumas competências didáticas relacionadas com o ensino explícito da compreensão na leitura e fazer evoluir as representações, contribuindo também para algumas alterações ao seu perfil de leitor, em termos de motivação e de desempenho. Inferimos que tal evolução se repercutiu no modo como encaravam as suas futuras práticas educativas, no que se referia à competência didática para a motivação para a leitura e desenvolvimento de competências em compreensão na leitura no seu futuro público. Da investigação realizada decorrem algumas sugestões pedagógicodidáticas com vista a contribuir para o aprofundamento das representações sobre a leitura dos estudantes futuros profissionais da Educação e sua influência em práticas educativas.

Vain lakiko lasta suojelee?

Tiivistelmä TURUN YLIOPISTO Oikeustieteellinen tiedekunta Perhe-oikeus VALJAKKA EEVA: Vain lakiko lasta suojelee? Väitöskirja, 219 s. Kesäkuu 2016 Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan suomalaisen lastensuojelulainsäädännön pitkän ai- kavälin kehitystä 1800-luvun lopulta 2010-luvulle. Tavoitteena on selvittää, mil- lä tavoin lasten suojelun tarvetta on lastensuojelulakeja säädettäessä määritelty ja millaisin keinoin julkinen valta on suojellut lapsia. Tutkimuksessa luodaan myös yleisemmin kuvaa siitä, millaista keskustelua lastensuojelun yhteiskunnallisesta tehtävästä, yksityisen ja julkisen hyvinvointivastuun jakautumisesta sekä julkisen vallan perheen yksityisyyteen puuttuvien toimien tarpeellisuudesta ja oikeutukses- ta on eri aikoina käyty. Tutkimuksessa lastensuojelun käsitettä käytetään sekä laa- jemmassa (Child Welfare) että suppeammassa (Child Protection) merkityksessä. Tutkimus on lapsi- ja oikeuspoliittinen puheenvuoro, jossa lastensuojelun institutionaalisia kehityskulkuja tarkastellaan yhteiskunnassa sosioekonomisesti heikoimmassa asemassa olevan lapsiväestön ja lastensuojelun asiakkaiksi valikoi- tuvien lasten näkökulmasta. Tutkimusote on ongelmalähtöinen ja yhteyshakuinen siten, että tutkimuskysymyksiä tarkastellaan monitieteisesti hallinto- ja sosiaalioi- keudellisessa viitekehyksessä. Tutkimus osoittaa, että tarkasteltaessa lastensuojelua käsitteen suppeam- massa merkityksessä lastensuojeluinstituution rakenteet kuten lasten suojelutar- peen määrittely, suojelun keinot ja lastensuojelulain julkilausutut tavoitteet ovat pysyneet lähes samankaltaisina aina ensimmäisen lastensuojelulain (1936) säätä- misestä lukien. Tarkasteltaessa lastensuojelua käsitteen laajemmassa merkityksessä voidaan lastensuojelussa nähdä tapahtuneen muutoksia. Vähitellen hyvinvointivaltion laajentuessa lastensuojelua koskeva ymmärrys muuttui yhä moniulotteisemmak- si. Lastensuojelu merkitsi 1960-luvulle tultaessa laajaa lapsiväestön hyvinvointia turvaavaa yhteiskuntapoliittista ohjelmaa. Myös sosiaalipolitiikan suunnanmuutos 1990-luvulla ja sen myötä julkisen vallan vastuun kaventaminen merkitsivät muu- tosta lastensuojelussa. Monille yhteiskunnan eri osa-aluille ulottuvien perheiden ja lasten hyvinvointia tavoittelevien politiikkaohjelmien ja niiden toteuttamispyrki- mysten sijaan lastensuojelu kaventui niin käsitteenä kuin käytännön toimintanakin tarkoittamaan lähes yksinomaan sosiaalihuollon erityispalvelua eli lapsi- ja perhe- kohtaista lastensuojelua. Asiasanat: Lastensuojelu, lastensuojelulainsäädäntö, historiallinen kehitys, oikeu- dellinen sääntely, hyvinvointivaltio.

A qualidade de vida dos idosos com coxartrose

Um dos fenómenos marcantes desde os meados do século XX até aos dias de hoje é o processo de envelhecimento das sociedades a nível mundial (Moura, 2006). Envelhecer de forma saudável e com boa qualidade de vida é algo que todas a pessoas desejam, mas muitas vezes o envelhecimento é acompanhado por diferentes tipos de alterações que poderão provocar alterações da qualidade de vida do idoso. A investigação científica acerca da relação entre a qualidade de vida do idoso com coxartrose e o impacto da artroplastia total da anca é ainda um tema recente. Assim esta investigação tem como objetivo avaliar a perceção da qualidade de vida dos idosos com coxartrose, antes da cirurgia da artroplastia total da anca, e avaliar a perceção da qualidade de vida dos idosos após o sexto mês da artroplastia total da anca. Procedeu-se assim a um estudo de natureza descritivo, longitudinal e de abordagem quantitativa, com 35 utentes idosos que foram submetidos a artroplastia total da anca por patologia de coxartrose. Foi utilizado como instrumento de recolha de dados o questionário genérico de qualidade de saúde SF-36 no dia antes da cirurgia e após 6 meses da artroplastia total da anca e um questionário de forma a fazer uma caracterização sócio - demográfica da amostra. Verifica-se que a perceção da qualidade de vida dos idosos com coxartrose, antes da cirurgia da artroplastia total da anca é limitada em várias dimensões como função física desempenho físico, dor corporal, perceção geral de saúde, vitalidade, função social, desempenho emocional, saúde mental e transição de saúde. Após o sexto mês da artroplastia total da anca, a perceção da qualidade de vida dos idosos apresenta-se na maioria dos sujeitos melhorada.

Chase-Lloyd House at 250: significance of function and integrity of form

(M. Historic Preservation) -- University of Maryland-College Park, 2015 Faculty Advisor: Dr. Constance Werner Ramirez. Program Director: Dr. Donald W. Linebaugh

Flores de energia: a experiência do NEMA - Núcleo de Educação e Monitoramento Ambiental na constituição de intelectuais orgânicos

Este estudo visa compreender a experiência do NEMA – Núcleo de Educação e Monitoramento Ambiental na constituição de intelectuais orgânicos. A pesquisa busca identificar por meio de relatos das pessoas que formaram e formam o NEMA, bem como da trajetória que o Núcleo vem desenhando no cenário ambiental, como esse espaço constitui intelectuais orgânicos. O conceito de intelectuais orgânicos partiu de Antonio Gramsci (1882 – 1937), que desponta como um dos grandes teóricos da teoria social marxista. Para Gramsci o intelectual é mais do que uma pessoa das letras, ou um produtor e transmissor de ideias. Os intelectuais são também mediadores, legitimadores, e produtores de práticas sociais; eles cumprem uma função de natureza eminentemente política. Este aspecto interessa uma vez que o NEMA surgiu nesse movimento de resistir ao conhecimento e práticas sufocantes que constituem nossas práticas sociais. Intelectuais transformadores que aglutinam outros, a fim de romper com a opressão, fornecendo dessa forma a liderança da ética, da política e da pedagogia para a criticidade da realidade. A pesquisa com base qualitativa permitiu estabelecer os referenciais teóricos, a pesquisa em documentos e outras formas de informação e a apropriação da Análise Textual Discursiva – ATD para organizar o corpus por meio dos relatos de 30 pessoas que tiveram a experiência do NEMA. Os resultados possibilitam afirmar que os intelectuais orgânicos do NEMA se constituem em Ondas, isto é passam de uma reflexão sobre si mesmo – Quem eu sou?, estabelece uma relação de pertencimento com o lugar que atuam – O lugar onde vivemos, lidam com uma diversidade de pessoas, instituições e situações – Biodiversidade, estabelecem diálogos e se fazem representar em espaços de discussão – Biosfera e Ecologia e buscam a continuidade de suas ações por meio de novos projetos – Planejamento Ambiental. O estudo vislumbra que a experiência do NEMA contribua na vanguarda da construção dialógica do saber com os movimentos sociais para que estes saberes possam ser implementados na práxis destes movimentos, no fronte da relação natureza e sociedade.

Terrenos de marinha: terras públicas com função social? um estudo da orla marítima de natal

This work has as its theme the social function of terrenos de marinha. Theresearch universe is the terrenos de marinha of Natal coastline, focusing on thefulfillment of its social function. Prescribed by law since the colonial period with thepurpose of protecting the coast and free movement of people and goods, theywere swathes of land not available to private use by individuals. With the transitionfrom the allotments system to the purchase and sale, regard to land access,crystallized with the creation of the Land Law in the nineteenth century, the land isheld as merchandise and terrenos de marinha, following this logic, also acquireexchange value and become capable of enjoyment by private individuals, with thecondition of tax payments to the state. This is seen until the twentieth century,when in 1988, primarily because of the Federal Constitution promulgation, begins anew cycle when is possible to use on terrenos de marinha the principle of thesocial function of property. From this perspective this study aims to identify thesocial function of terrenos de marinha in Natal, focusing on the public destinationand the use value of the city coastline. To this end, it was made a data collection inthe on-line information system of the Federal Heritage Department of Rio Grandedo Norte (SPU / RN) and in the terrenos de marinha areas, in order to find out ifthey had public or private use, or if they were empty lots, as well as if thepopulation access to the shore exist. Interviews with managers of the SPU weremade. The empirical study showed that the social function of terrenos de marinhain the city of Natal still didn´t happen, considering the constant existence of vacantlots in their areas, the lack of access in significant portions of the coastline and thereduced areas directed to common use along the coastline, minimizing its potentialof enjoyment by the population. It concludes by pointing to the existence of a newtransition phase on the terrenos de marinha, in witch, gradually, come up lawprovisions in the legal system and public policies to expand the purely taxcollection function attributed to this land for two centuries. In this direction, thesocial function of terrenos de marinha is embodied in concomitant adjustment ofthe tax collection function and the rescue of coastline use value, national heritageand a place for sociability and social relations development

THE HEALTH OF YOUNG ADULTS WITH DISABILITIES IN THE UNITED STATES: THE COLLECTIVE ROLES OF RISK FACTORS IN SOCIAL ECOLOGIC FRAMEWORK

Background: Over the last few decades, the prevalence of young adults with disabilities (YAD) has steadily risen as a result of advances in medicine, clinical treatment, and biomedical technologythat enhanced their survival into adulthood. Despite investments in services, family supports, and insurance, they experience poor health status and barriers to successful transition into adulthood. Objectives: We investigated the collective roles of multi-faceted factors at intrapersonal, interpersonal and community levels within the social ecological framework on health related outcome including self-rated health (SRH) of YAD. The three specific aims are: 1) to examine sociodemographic differences and health insurance coverage in adolescence; 2) to investigate the role of social skills in relationships with family and peers developed in adolescence; and 3) to collectively explore the association of sociodemographic characteristics, social skills, and community participation in adolescence on SRH. Methods: Using longitudinal data (N=5,020) from the National Longitudinal Transition Study (NLTS2), we conducted multivariate logistic regression analyses to understand the association between insurance status as well as social skills in adolescence and YAD’s health related outcomes. Structural equation modeling (SEM) assessed the confluence of multi-faceted factors from the social ecological model that link to health in early adulthood. Results: Compared with YAD who had private insurance, YAD who had public health insurance in adolescence are at higher odds of experiencing poorer health related outcomes in self-rated health [adjusted odds ratio (aOR=2.89, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16, 7.23), problems with health (aOR=2.60, 95%CI: 1.26, 5.35), and missing social activities due to health problems (aOR=2.86, 95%CI: 1.39, 5.85). At the interpersonal level, overall social skills developed through relationship with family and peers in adolescence do not appear to have association with health related outcomes in early adulthood. Finally, at the community level, community participation in adolescence does not have an association with SRH in early adulthood. Conclusions: Having public health insurance coverage does not equate to good health. YAD need additional supports to achieve positive health outcomes. The findings in social skills and community participation suggest other potential factors may be at play for health related outcomes for YAD and the need for further investigation.

Visitabilidade-vivenciabilidade em assentamentos informais : um estudo da acessibilidade de percursos urbanos no Conjunto Santa Terezinha em Fortaleza-CE

This research approaches the issue of accessibility in informal settlements, seeking for the challenges and limits defined by informal urban settings, about the application of accessibility parameters. Take the empirical universe as the Conjunto Santa Terezinha, located in Fortaleza- Ce. Initially, the study presents a reflection about the housing issue in Brazil and the informal settlementes in view of the Right to the City. In this sense, the main references are, the works of Suzanne Pasternak (2008), Nabil Bonduki (1998) and Erminia Maricato (1996-97), among others. Follows with the discussion of the concepts and classifications of this type of settlement, making a content analysis of legislation and regulations relating to accessibility and proposed the discussion of the accessible route as the right strategy for the city. In another step, the methodology of 'walking together' created by Dischinger (2000) was applied in a passage previously chosen, which the researcher follows the disabled person during the journey through city making records like photos and video. The comments and perceptions are compared to the spatial analysis of urban morphology, made from the method of Del Rio (1990) and Panerai (2006), and the parameters of NBR 9050. Knowledge of the area is enriched by the methodology of the production of space made by Henri Lefebvre in his book 'The production of space' (1974) with these categories: space conceived, perceived and lived. Another key reference of this author it s the book 'The Right to the City' (991), which allowed in-depth reflections on the social function of town. In conclusion, the study finds that to guarantee a minimum access conditions in informal sittlements it´s necessary to know the specifics of their morphology, their relations and urban practices in view of the visitability- experiencebility, describing it as complementary concepts

Towards guidelines for curriculum design and development in English language teacher education in Cambodian higher education institutions

In the current Cambodian higher education sector, there is little regulation of standards in curriculum design of undergraduate degrees in English language teacher education. The researcher, in the course of his professional work in the Curriculum and Policy Office at the Department of Higher Education, has seen evidence that most universities tend to copy their curriculum from one source, the curriculum of the Institute of Foreign Languages, the Royal University of Phnom Penh. Their programs fail to impose any entry standards, accepting students who pass the high school exam without any entrance examination. It is possible for a student to enter university with satisfactory scores in all subjects but English. Therefore, not many graduates are able to fulfil the professional requirements of the roles they are supposed to take. Neau (2010) claims that many Cambodian EFL teachers do not reach a high performance standard due to their low English language proficiency and poor background in teacher education. The main purpose of this study is to establish key guidelines for developing curricula for English language teacher education for all the universities across the country. It examines the content of the Bachelor‘s degree of Education in Teaching English as a Foreign Language (B Ed in TEFL) and Bachelor‘s degree of Arts in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (BA in TESOL) curricula adopted in Cambodian universities on the basis of criteria proposed in current curriculum research. It also investigates the perspectives of Cambodian EFL teachers on the areas of knowledge and skill they need in order to perform their English teaching duties in Cambodia today. The areas of knowledge and skill offered in the current curricula at Cambodian higher education institutions (HEIs), the framework of the knowledge base for EFL teacher education and general higher education, and the areas of knowledge and skill Cambodian EFL teachers perceive to be important, are compared so as to identify any gaps in the current English language teacher education curricula in the Cambodian HEIs. The existence of gaps show what domains of knowledge and skill need to be included in the English language teacher education curricula at Cambodian HEIs. These domains are those identified by previous curriculum researchers in both general and English language teacher education at tertiary level. Therefore, the present study provides useful insights into the importance of including appropriate content in English language teacher education curricula. Mixed methods are employed in this study. The course syllabi and the descriptions within the curricula in five Cambodian HEIs are analysed qualitatively based on the framework of knowledge and skills for EFL teachers, which is formed by looking at the knowledge base for second language teachers suggested by the methodologists and curriculum specialists whose work is elaborated on the review of literature. A quantitative method is applied to analyse the perspectives of 120 Cambodian EFL teachers on areas of knowledge and skills they should possess. The fieldwork was conducted between June and August, 2014. The analysis reveals that the following areas are included in the curricula at the five universities: communication skills, general knowledge, knowledge of teaching theories, teaching skills, pedagogical reasoning and decision making skills, subject matter knowledge, contextual knowledge, cognitive abilities, and knowledge of social issues. Additionally, research skills are included in three curricula while society and community involvement is in only one. Further, information and communication technology, which is outlined in the Education Strategies Plan (2006-2010), forms part of four curricula while leadership skills form part of two. This study demonstrates ultimately that most domains that are directly and indirectly related to language teaching competence are not sufficiently represented in the current curricula. On the basis of its findings, the study concludes with a set of guidelines that should inform the design and development of TESOL and TEFL curricula in Cambodia.

Research-based spin-offs as agents of knowledge dissemination: evidence from the analysis of innovation networks

The paper addresses the role played by research-based spin-offs (RBSOs) as knowledge dissemination mechanisms, through their position in knowledge networks. For this purpose the paper analyses the formal networks established by the Portuguese RBSOs in the context of publicly funded research, technology and pre-commercial product development projects, and investigates their configuration along two levels. At organisational level, in order to understand whether RBSOs extend their reach beyond the academic sphere; and if they do, whether they relate with similar firms or connect to organisations located downstream in the knowledge value chain, and which is their position in networks involving both research organisations and other firms. At spatial level, in order to understand whether RBSOs extend their reach beyond the region where they are created, thus potentially acting as connectors between diverse regions. The analysis starts from the population of RBSOs created in Portugal until 2007 (387) and identifies those that have established formal technological relationships as part of projects funded by all the programmes launched in the period 1993-2012. As a result, the analysis encompasses 192 collaborative projects and involves 82 spin-offs and 281 partners, of which only 20% are research organisations, the remaining being other firms and a variety of other user organisations. The results, although still preliminary, provide some insights into the knowledge networking behaviour of the RBSOs. As expected, research organisations are a central actor in spin-offs’ networks, being the sole partner for some of them. But half of the RBSOs have moved beyond the academic sphere, being frequently a central element in tripartite technological relationships between research and other organisations and occupying an intermediation position in the network, thus potentially acting as facilitators in knowledge circulation and transformation. Also as expected, RBSOs are predominantly located in the main metropolitan areas and tend to relate with organisations similarly located. But while geographical proximity emerges as important in the choice of partners, in about half of the cases, RBSOs knowledge networks have extended beyond regional boundaries. Given their central position in the network this suggests a role as connectors across regions that will be explored in subsequent research.

Research-based spin-offs as agents of knowledge dissemination: evidence from the analysis of innovation networks

The paper addresses the role played by research-based spin-offs (RBSOs) as knowledge dissemination mechanisms, through their position in knowledge networks. For this purpose the paper analyses the formal networks established by Portuguese RBSOs, in the context of publicly funded research, technology and pre-commercial product development projects, and investigates their configuration across two levels. At organisational level, in order to understand whether RBSOs extend their reach beyond the academic sphere; and if they do, whether they connect to organisations located downstream in the knowledge value chain, and which is their position in networks involving both research organisations and other firms. At spatial level, in order to understand whether RBSOs extend their reach beyond the region where they are created, thus potentially acting as connectors between diverse regions. The analysis starts from the population of RBSOs created in Portugal until 2007 (327 firms) and identifies those that have established formal technological relationships, as part of projects funded by all the relevant programmes launched in the period 1993-2012. As a result, the analysis encompasses 192 collaborative projects and involves 82 spin-offs and 281 partners, of which only 20% are research organisations, the remaining being other firms and a variety of other downstream organisations. The results, although still preliminary, provide some insights into the knowledge networking behaviour of the RBSOs. As expected, research organisations are a central actor in spin-offs’ networks, being the sole partner for some of them. But half of the RBSOs have moved beyond the academic sphere, being frequently a central element in tripartite technological relationships between research and other organisations, and occupying an intermediation position in the network, thus potentially acting as facilitators in knowledge circulation and transformation. Also as expected, RBSOs are predominantly located in the main metropolitan areas and tend to relate with organisations similarly located. But while geographical proximity emerges as important in the choice of partners, in about half of the cases, RBSOs knowledge networks have extended beyond regional boundaries. Given their central position in the network, this suggests a role as connectors across regions that will be explored in subsequent research.

Jisc CAN case study: Student Digital Ambassadors for Digital Literacy at London School of Economics

Student Digital Ambassadors for Digital Literacy at London School of Economics case study. Student Ambassadors for Digital Literacy (SADL) is a programme coordinated by Learning Technology and Innovation and LSE Library and open to LSE undergraduate students. It has been running since 2013, when it started as a pilot in two academic departments. LSE is a specialist social science institution, research led with a relatively small undergraduate population (approximately 4500 students). Students study across the social sciences in quantitative subjects such as economics, maths and statistics, and qualitative subjects such as social policy, international history and anthropology. The student population is highly international and LSE has an excellent rating for graduate employment. LSE Students Union offer support and promote SADL which aims to develop students digital literacies, but provides an opportunity to understand more about what their needs might be.

A formação em educação ambiental na ênfase em gestão de patrimônio socioambiental do curso de História - Bacharelado da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande

A presente dissertação de mestrado teve como fenômeno de estudo a Ênfase em Gestão do Patrimônio Socioambiental do curso de História Bacharelado da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande – FURG, buscando compreender o processo de constituição e desenvolvimento desta Ênfase e suas articulações com a Educação Ambiental. Para tanto, foram elencadas três hipóteses: (a) a Ênfase em Gestão do Patrimônio Socioambiental do curso de Bacharelado em História da FURG não é estruturada e nem desenvolvida a partir das emergências da crise estrutural da qual a crise ambiental é um aspecto latente; (b) os saberes desenvolvidos na Ênfase não possibilitam que o egresso desenvolva a criticidade e a formação necessária para o cumprimento de sua função socioambiental; (c) a Educação Ambiental desenvolvida na Ênfase em Gestão do Patrimônio Socioambiental do curso de História – Bacharelado da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande – FURG não é expressão de uma ciência que se pretenda a serviço da classe trabalhadora e que se proponha a encarar os desafios das questões impostas pela crise ambiental. Em decorrência destas, foi desenvolvido um objetivo geral e três objetivos específicos, sendo eles: (a) Entender as condições sociais de crise ambiental em meio as quais surge a necessidade de gestores do patrimônio socioambiental; (b) Analisar os aspectos teóricos do campo da Educação Ambiental e a compreensão de ciência presentes na formação dos gestores do patrimônio socioambiental; (c) Identificar, no Projeto Pedagógico do curso de História Bacharelado, os aspectos políticos que demonstrem a função social do egresso. Ainda no sentido de atender ao objetivo geral foram organizadas quatro questões de pesquisa, a saber: (a) Quais as emergências da necessidade de criação da Ênfase em Gestão do Patrimônio Socioambiental no curso de História - Bacharelado da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG? (b) Que perspectiva de Educação Ambiental tem os professores da Ênfase em Gestão do Patrimônio Socioambiental do curso de História - Bacharelado da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG? (c) Que compreensão de ciência e de Educação Ambiental está vinculada à formação dos egressos da Ênfase em Gestão do Patrimônio Socioambiental do curso de História - Bacharelado da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG? (d) Quais saberes são fundamentais na formação dos gestores do patrimônio socioambiental para que compreendam os fundamentos da crise que faz emergir a necessidade da função social de tal ênfase? Nesta pesquisa foram utilizados, prioritariamente, os referenciais teóricos e epistemológicos com vinculação à compreensão de mundo marxista. Após o processo de revisão bibliográfica foram desenvolvidas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com sete professores atuantes na ênfase em estudo. Na sequência, para apreciação das informações, foi utilizado o referencial metodológico da Análise de Conteúdo de Laurence Bardin. Concluiu-se no processo de pesquisa que a ênfase se relaciona com a oferta de novas possibilidades de atuação profissional do historiador gestor. Bem como os saberes desenvolvidos na ênfase possibilitam parcialmente a constituição da criticidade dos egressos. Por fim, a Educação Ambiental desenvolvida na ênfase não pode, em sua totalidade, estar a serviço da classe trabalhadora, pois está circunscrita, no presente momento histórico, aos limites do Capital.