Power absorption invariance for brownian spring forcing

In [5] it was shown that, for a standard quarter-car vehicle model and a road disturbance whose velocity profile is white noise of intensity A, the mean power dissipated in the suspension is equal to kA/2 where k is the tyre vertical stiffness. It is remarkable that the power dissipation turns out to be independent of all masses and suspension parameters. The proof in [5] makes use of a spectral formulation of white noise and is specific to linear systems. This paper casts the result in a more general form and shows that it follows from a simple application of Ito calculus. © 2012 IEEE.

Local structure of Mn in (La1-xHox) 2/3Ca1/3MnO3 studied by X-ray absorption fine structure

Results of X-ray absorption fine structure measurements in manganites (La1-xHox)2/3Ca1/3MnO3 with 0.15 < x < 0.50 are presented. When LaMnO3 is doped with a, divalent element such as Ca2+, substituting for La3+, holes are induced in the filled Mn d orbitais. This leads to a, strong ferromagnetic coupling between Mn sites. Ca ions in La1-xCa xMnO3 introduce a distortion of the crystal lattice and mixed valence Mn ions (Mn3+ and Mn4+). On the other hand, in manganites (La1-xHox)2/3Ca 1/3MnO3 the substitution of La for Ho causes a lattice distortion and induces a disorder, which reduces a magnetic interaction. The ferromagnetic transition temperature and conductivity decrease very quickly with increasing x. The magnetic and transport properties of compounds depend on the local atomic structure around Mn ions. The information on the bond lengths and Debye-Waller factor are obtained from the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data analysis. The charge state of Mn is determined from the position of the absorption edge in X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) data. XAFS results are in good agreement with magnetic characteristics of the studied materials.

Two-photon absorption in an atomic cladding wave guide

We experimentally demonstrate two-photon Doppler free interactions on a chip-scale platform consisting of a silicon nitride waveguide integrated with rubidium vapor cladding. We obtain absorption lines having widths of 300 MHz, using low power levels. © OSA 2013.

Two-photon absorption in an atomic cladding wave guide

We experimentally demonstrate two-photon Doppler free interactions on a chip-scale platform consisting of a silicon nitride waveguide integrated with rubidium vapor cladding. We obtain absorption lines having widths of 300 MHz, using low power levels. © OSA 2013.

Reversible CO2 absorption by the 6H perovskite Ba 4Sb2O9

A novel compound for carbon capture and storage (CCS) applications, the 6H perovskite Ba4Sb2O9, was found to be able to absorb CO2 through a chemical reaction at 873 K to form barium carbonate and BaSb2O6. This absorption was shown to be reversible through the regeneration of the original Ba4Sb 2O9 material upon heating above 1223 K accompanied by the release of CO2. A combined synchrotron X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric, and microscopy study was carried out to characterize first the physical absorption properties and then to analyze the structural evolution and formation of phases in situ. Importantly, through subsequent carbonation and regeneration of the material over 100 times, it was shown that the combined absorption and regeneration reactions proceed without any significant reduction in the CO2 absorption capacity of the material. After 100 cycles the capacity of Ba4Sb2O9 was ∼0.1 g (CO 2)/g (sorbent), representing 73% of the total molar capacity. This is the first report of a perovskite-type material showing such good properties, opening the way for studies of new classes of inorganic oxide materials with stable and flexible chemical compositions and structures for applications in carbon capture. © 2013 American Chemical Society.

Distribution and depuration of the potentially carcinogenic malachite green in tissues of three freshwater farmed Chinese fish with different food habits

The use of malachite green (MG) in fish farming is prohibited in China due to its potentially toxicological and carcinogenic nature, but it is still illegally used in some places. Uptake, accumulation and deputation of MG in various tissues were studied under laboratory conditions in three common freshwater fish, Parabramis pekinensis (plant-eating fish), Carassius auratus (omnivorous fish) and Ophiocephalus argus (carnivorous fish). The concentrations of MG and its primary metabolite, the reduced and colorless leucomalachite green (LMG), were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS2). Absorption of MG occurred during the waterborne exposure and the MG concentrations in gills of the three fish species all showed a maximum at 0 h after an acute water exposure (6 mg l(-1) MG for 20 min). Afterwards, both MG and LMG declined very rapidly in the blood of the fish. Levels of MG and LMG were still above 0.002 mu g g(-1) in fresh weight muscle at 240 h and may persist for as long as 10 days. Most MG was converted rapidly to LMG in the fish and deputation of LMG was very slow in fat tissue. skin and gonads of the fish. Distribution of LMG was strongly dependent on the fat content in the tissues of the fish, but not related to their different feeding habits. Therefore, it appears that fat tissue, skin and gonads of the fish contaminated by MG and LMG pose the greatest risk for human consumption. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V.

A dual mode SOI CMOS MEMS based thermal conductivity and IR absorption gas sensor

Design, FEM modelling and characterization of a novel dual mode thermal conductivity and infrared absorption sensor using SOI CMOS technology is reported. The dual mode sensing capability is based on the temperature sensitivity and wideband infrared radiation emission of the resistive heating element. The sensor was fabricated at a commercial foundry using a 1 μm process and measures only 1×1 mm2. Infrared detectors usually use thermopiles in addition to a separate IR source. A single highly responsive dual mode source and sensing element targeting not only low molecular mass gases but also greenhouse gases, while consuming 40 mW power at 700°C in synthetic air, thus makes this sensor particularly viable for battery powered handheld devices. © 2013 IEEE.

Detection of cutaneous antibodies in excised skin explants from grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes), immune to Scophthalmus maximus rhabdovirus

This study determined whether cutaneous antibodies were present in excised skin explants of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella, immune to Scophthalmus maximus rhabdovirus (SMRV). Culture fluid from immune skin explants were assayed by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA), Western blot, indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA) and flow cytometry (FCM). iELISA showed that cutaneous antibody titres were much lower (1:12) than antiserum titres (1:1458) from intraperitoneally immunized grass carp. The phosphoprotein and matrix protein antigens of purified SMRV proteins were recognized by cutaneous antibodies from skin culture fluid using Western blot. The skin culture fluid produced staining signals in viral assembly sites and cytoplasm of SMRV-infected epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells by IFA. FCM showed that 4.39% SMRV-infected EPC cells were detected, while non-specific reaction was seen in 2% of control cells. This is the first description of cutaneous antibodies against SMRV in grass carp.

Co-catalytic absorption layers for controlled laser-induced chemical vapor deposition of carbon nanotubes.

The concept of co-catalytic layer structures for controlled laser-induced chemical vapor deposition of carbon nanotubes is established, in which a thin Ta support layer chemically aids the initial Fe catalyst reduction. This enables a significant reduction in laser power, preventing detrimental positive optical feedback and allowing improved growth control. Systematic study of experimental parameters combined with simple thermostatic modeling establishes general guidelines for the effective design of such catalyst/absorption layer combinations. Local growth of vertically aligned carbon nanotube forests directly on flexible polyimide substrates is demonstrated, opening up new routes for nanodevice design and fabrication.

The absorption of sound by helmholtz resonators with and without flow

Helmholtz resonators are commonly used as absorbers of incident acoustic power. Theoretical and experimental investigations have been performed in the four cases of no mean flow, grazing mean flow, bias mean flow and a combination of grazing and bias mean flows. In the absence of a mean flow, the absorption coefficient (deflned as the proportion of incident energy absorbed) is a non-linear function of the acoustic pressure and high incident acoustic pressures are required before the absorption becomes signiflcant. In contrast, when there is a mean flow present, either grazing or bias, the absorption is linear and thus absorption coefficient is independent of the magnitude of the acoustic pressure, and absorption is obtained over a wider range of frequencies. Non-linear effects are only discernible very close to resonance and at very-high amplitude. With grazing mean flow, there is the undesirable effect that sound can be generated over a range of frequencies due to the interaction between the unsteadily shed vorticity waves and the downstream edge of the aperture. This production is not observed when there is a bias flow because here the vorticity is shed all around the rim of the aperture and swept away by the mean flow. When there is both a grazing mean flow and a mean bias flow, we flnd that only a small amount of bias mean flow, compared with grazing mean flow, is required to destroy the production of acoustic energy. © 2002 by the author(s). Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc.

Simultaneous determination of chromium(VI) and chromium(III) of bioavailable fraction in bottom mud by flow injection-atomic absorption spectroscopy

A rapid and sensitive method for separation and determination of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) in bottom mud of lake by flow injection on-line preconcentrtion system and GFAAS was developed. The available Cr(VI) and Cr(III) were extracted by HOAc or EDTA + NH4 NO3 and adsorbed simultaneously by an anion and a cation resin microclummn and then eluted simultaneously by 2 mol/L NH4 NO3 + 0.05 mol/L ascorbate and 2 mol/L H2SO4, respectively. The elution was performed for 50 s after adsorption for 2 min, and the efficiencies of elution were 85.4% - 94.8% and 96.7% - 106% for Cr(VI) and Cr(M) respectively. The detection limits of the method were 0.9 mu g/L and 2.7 mu g/L with relative standard deviations of 3.5% and 6.4% for the determination of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) in sample, respectively.

1.3 μm quantum-dot electro-absorption modulator

The electro-absorption properties and Stark-shift of 1.3μm InGaAs quantum dot waveguide modulators are characterized under reverse bias. 2.5Gb/s data modulation is demonstrated for the first time with clear eye diagrams and error-free back-to-back performance. © 2007 Optical Society of America.

Detection of Myxobolus rotundus (Myxozoa : Myxosporea) in skin mucus of crucian carp Carassius auratus auratus using a monoclonal antibody

Diagnosis of myxosporean Myxobolus rotundus infection was conducted by examining skin mucus from the infected crucian carp Carassius auratus auratus with a monoclonal antibody, MAb 2D12, raised previously against the parasite. A positive reaction was observed in skin mucus collected from infected fish, and spores and pre-spore stages of the parasite were identified by the MAb 2D12. It was also demonstrated that M. rotundus infection can be successfully detected by a simple method, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and that skin mucus collected from infected fish skin had a significantly higher optical density (OD) value than that from uninfected fish.