Características sensoriais de carne defumada de capivara

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver alguns produtos, como paleta e copa defumadas, em escala de laboratório, com a carne de capivara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), e empregar a técnica de maturação da carne por meio da utilização de cloreto de cálcio. Inicialmente procedeu-se a verificação da composição centesimal na carne in natura, e posteriormente realizou-se a avaliação sensorial e a determinação da composição centesimal dos produtos obtidos pelos seguintes tratamentos: Tratamento A - paleta defumada, submetida à maturação inicial com cloreto de cálcio; Tratamento B - paleta defumada sem a maturação inicial; Tratamento C - copa defumada, submetida à maturação inicial com cloreto de cálcio e; Tratamento D - copa defumada sem a maturação inicial. A carne in natura de capivara apresentou composição média de 76,59% de umidade, 0,90% de resíduo mineral fixo, 20,04% de proteína e 0,91% de extrato etéreo. Os produtos elaborados apresentaram, em média: 67,72% de umidade, 2,16% de resíduo mineral fixo, 24,93% de proteína e 2,77% de extrato etéreo. Os produtos defumados de carne de capivara não apresentam diferenças quanto ao aroma, sabor, aroma estranho e sabor estranho. A paleta defumada apresenta-se mais macia e suculenta do que a copa defumada. A utilização de cloreto de cálcio cinco horas após o abate não tem efeitos significativos nos atributos sensoriais.

Aplicação de escória siderúrgica calcário e ureia em latossolo cultivado com arroz

A escória de siderurgia é um silicato de cálcio e fonte de silício, que tem ação corretiva da acidez do solo semelhante à do calcário. Apesar do seu grande potencial de uso como corretivo e fertilizante, existem poucas informações sobre seus efeitos nos atributos químicos do solo. O estudo foi realizado com a cultura do arroz, objetivando-se avaliar os efeitos da aplicação da escória de siderurgia, calcário e ureia nas alterações dos atributos químicos de um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico. Os tratamentos constaram da combinação de duas fontes de materiais corretivos (calcário e escória de siderurgia), em três doses (1,3 g dm-3 2,6 g dm-3 e 5,2 g dm-3; três doses de N (80 mg dm-3 160 mg dm-3e 320 mg dm-3, aplicadas na forma de ureia; e uma testemunha, dispostas em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial, com quatro repetições. Após o período de 90 dias de incubação do solo e 120 dias de cultivo da cultura do arroz, coletaram-se amostras do solo, para análise química. A escória de siderurgia foi viável como corretivo de acidez do solo e a adubação nitrogenada em arroz contribuiu para incrementos na acidez do solo, diminuindo a saturação por bases e o teor de Ca e Mg. A aplicação de escória de siderurgia favoreceu a disponibilidade de silício, entretanto, quando associada à adubação nitrogenada, não alterou o teor deste elemento no solo.

Tratamento do feno de braquiária pelo fungo Pleurotus ostreatus

A inoculação de forragens com fungos lignocelulolíticos é uma opção para melhorar a qualidade destas sem adição de produtos químicos. O tratamento do substrato influencia a ação do fungo e a qualidade final do produto. Neste experimento, aplicaram-se quatro tratamentos (compostagem do feno inteiro, compostagem do feno picado, hidratação do feno em água fria e hidratação do feno em água quente) a um feno de Brachiaria decumbens. Aos tratamentos seguiu-se inoculação com o fungo Pleurotus ostreatus e incubação por 35 dias, sob temperatura controlada. Usou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições e medidas repetidas. Amostras foram colhidas semanalmente para acompanhar a degradação do substrato, mediante a análise química do feno. Observou-se aumento linear, com o decorrer do tempo, no teor de proteína bruta (PB) e na proporção de lignina na parede celular (LIG-FDN), e decréscimo linear nos valores de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), celulose e hemicelulose. Não se observou efeito de tratamento no teor de FDA. Os tratamentos com compostagem apresentaram maiores valores de PB, lignina e LIG-FDN e menores de FDN e hemicelulose. Não se observou diferença entre os tratamentos com hidratação. O tratamento do feno de braquiária com o fungo propiciou degradação da fração fibrosa e aumento no teor de PB, com efeito mais intenso nos tratamentos que usaram compostagem. A ação do fungo foi mais efetiva sobre a hemicelulose que sobre os demais componentes da fibra.

Effect of Iron II on Hydroxyapatite Dissolution and Precipitation in vitro

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Effect of incorporation of 2-tert-butylaminoethyl methacrylate on flexural strength of a denture base acrylic resin

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Biological effects of Ocimum gratissimum L. are due to synergic action among multiple compounds present in essential oil

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

BTEX biodegradation by bacteria from effluents of petroleum refinery

Groundwater contamination with benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) has been increasing, thus requiring an urgent development of methodologies that are able to remove or minimize the damages these compounds can cause to the environment. The biodegradation process using microorganisms has been regarded as an efficient technology to treat places contaminated with hydrocarbons, since they are able to biotransform and/or biodegrade target pollutants. To prove the efficiency of this process, besides chemical analysis, the use of biological assessments has been indicated. This work identified and selected BTEX-biodegrading microorganisms present in effluents from petroleum refinery, and evaluated the efficiency of microorganism biodegradation process for reducing genotoxic and mutagenic BTEX damage through two test-systems: Allium cepa and hepatoma tissue culture (HTC) cells. Five different non-biodegraded BTEX concentrations were evaluated in relation to biodegraded concentrations. The biodegradation process was performed in a BOO Trak Apparatus (HACH) for 20 days, using microorganisms pre-selected through enrichment. Although the biodegradation usually occurs by a consortium of different microorganisms, the consortium in this study was composed exclusively of five bacteria species and the bacteria Pseudomonas putida was held responsible for the BTEX biodegradation. The chemical analyses showed that BTEX was reduced in the biodegraded concentrations. The results obtained with genotoxicity assays, carried out with both A. cepa and HTC cells, showed that the biodegradation process was able to decrease the genotoxic damages of BTEX. By mutagenic tests, we observed a decrease in damage only to the A. cepa organism. Although no decrease in mutagenicity was observed for HTC cells, no increase of this effect after the biodegradation process was observed either. The application of pre-selected bacteria in biodegradation processes can represent a reliable and effective tool in the treatment of water contaminated with BTEX mixture. Therefore, the raw petroleum refinery effluent might be a source of hydrocarbon-biodegrading microorganisms. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.A. All rights reserved.

Alterations following a fire in a forest community of Alto Rio Xingu

This study records the consequences of fire upon the soil and structure of the Amazonian Forest of Gaucha do Norte, Mato Grosso state, Brazil (13degrees12'S and 53degrees20'W). For this, the number of individuals sampled in 1 ha of the forest, during a phytosociological survey completed 2 days before the accidental fire, was compared with the survivors recorded afterwards in the reinventory of the area taken 2 days and 10 months after the fire. For the surveys, the area of 1 ha was subdivided into 50 plots of 10 m x 20 m, and all the individuals with circumference at breast height (CBH) greater than or equal to 15 cm were sampled. Chemical analysis of the 30 soil samples collected 2 days before the fire were compared with those obtained 15 days and 1 year after the fire. It was seen that, soon after the fire, there was a significant increase in the nutrient levels in the soil, an increase in the pH and a decrease in the aluminum toxicity. However, after 1 year, losses by lixiviation resulted in a nutrient reserve in the soil of less than that before the fire. The tree mortality was extremely high (23.98%), particularly amongst the younger individuals of the population (93.68% of the total of deaths in the period). There was no significant reduction in the forest richness analyzed: 60% of the species had reduced populations after the fire, but just four species were locally extinct. Results, however, demonstrated a role for fire in the selection of resistant species or those adapted to fires, since some species demonstrated a greater tolerance to the fire than others. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.

Food bodies in Cissus verticillata (Vitaceae): ontogenesis, structure and functional aspects

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Effect of grape pre-drying and static pomace contact on physicochemical properties and sensory acceptance of Brazilian (Bordo and Isabel) red wines

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Wastes released by tanneries at Patrocinio Paulista, São Paulo State, Brazil

This investigation was carried out within the Parana sedimentary basin, Brazil, and involved the sampling of sludge and residuary waters that were collected from reservoirs/decantation ponds settled in two tanneries situated at Patrocinio Paulista, São Paulo State Two samples from each tannery were collected, stored in appropriate flasks and transported to the LABIDRO for chemical analysis The LABIDRO (Laboratory of Isotopes and Hydrochemistry) of the Petrology Department at the Geosciences and Exacts Sciences Institute of UNESP is situated in Rio Claro city, about 240 km distant from the investigated area The data for residuary waters were compared with guideline values established by two different legislations (a) Rule No 12486 (NTA60) established in 20(th) October 1978 by São Paulo State for defining the potable water standards and (b) Register 997 published on 31 May 1976 that defines the permissible concentration limits in effluents to be released to water bodies (coastal, fresh or ground water) in São Paulo State The results confirmed that leather production is an activity with high environmental impact, despite improvements that may be achieved by tanneries

Electron microprobe and Raman spectroscopic investigation of monazite from chromitites of Cedrolina (Goias State, Brazil)

Monazite from chromitites of Cedrolina (Goias State, Brazil) was investigated by electron microprobe and Raman spectroscopy. Monazite has been rarely encountered in chromitites. In Brazil, it was previously reported from chromitites of the Campo Formoso layered intrusion. Comparison between the two occurrences indicates similar morphology and textural characteristics, but remarkable differences in chemical composition. In both cases, monazite occurs as irregular grains (up to 200 mu m) preferentially located in the chlorite-serpentine matrix of the chromitite, more rarely included in chromite. However, the monazite from Cedrolina is characterized by higher Ce/La ratio, and Pr, Nd, Th contents, compared with the monazite from Campo Formoso. The obtained Raman spectra are very similar in the two cases, suggesting that the compositional variation of monazites and the spectral resolution of the Raman do not allow a conclusive chemical analysis with Raman spectra. Textural evidence indicates that, in both occurrences, monazite precipitation did not take place at high temperature, concomitantly with the host chromitite. In the Campo Formoso chromitites, precipitation of monazite has been related with percolation of hydrothermal, aqueous and acid fluids emanating from a granite batholith. on the contrary, the Cedrolina monazite probably formed during one of the metamorphic events that affected the area in which the host chromitite occurs.

Chlorination treatment of aqueous samples reduces, but does not eliminate, the mutagenic effect of the azo dyes Disperse Red 1, Disperse Red 13 and Disperse Orange 1

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Potencialidades e aplicações do ligante dietilditiofosfato de amônio em análises químicas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

In vitro efficacy of plant extracts and synthesized substances on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) Microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)

Herbal drugs have been widely evaluated as an alternative method of parasite control, aiming to slow development of resistance and obtain low-cost biodegradable parasiticides. This study evaluated the in vitro efficacy on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus of extracts from Carapa guianensis seed oil, Cymbopogon martinii and Cymbopogon schoenanthus leaf essential oil, and Piper tuberculatum leaf crude extract and similar synthesized substances. In the immersion test, engorged females were evaluated in five dilutions ranging from 10% to 0.030625% concentration. In the larval test on impregnated filter paper, the concentration ranged from 10% to 0.02%. The treatments and controls were done in three replicates. Chemical analysis of the oils was performed by gas chromatography. The main compounds were oleic acid (46.8%) for C. guianensis and geraniol for C. martinii (81.4%), and C. schoenanthus (62.5%). The isolated and synthesized substances showed no significant effect on larvae and adult. C. martinii and P. tuberculatum showed the best efficacy on the engorged females. The LC50 and LC90 were 2.93% and 6.66% and 3.76% and 25.03%, respectively. In the larval test, the LC50 and LC90 obtained for C. martinii, P. tuberculatum, and C. schoenanthus were 0.47% and 0.63%, 0.41% and 0.79%, 0.57% and 0.96%, respectively. The fact that geraniol is present in greater quantities in C. martinii explains its higher activity in relation to C. shoenanthus. It is necessary to validate the in vivo use of safe and effective phytoparasiticidal substances. Efforts should be focused on developing formulations that enhance the efficacy in vivo and lengthen the residual period.