Ultrafast dynamics of exciton formation in semiconductor nanowires.

The dynamics of free electron-hole pairs and excitons in GaAs-AlGaAs-GaAs core-shell-skin nanowires is investigated using femtosecond transient photoluminescence spectroscopy at 10 K. Following nonresonant excitation, a bimolecular interconversion of the initially generated electron-hole plasma into an exciton population is observed. This conducting-to-insulating transition appears to occur gradually over electron-hole charge pair densities of 2-4 × 10(16) cm(-3) . The smoothness of the Mott transition is attributed to the slow carrier-cooling during the bimolecular interconversion of free charge carriers into excitons and to the presence of chemical-potential fluctuations leading to inhomogeneous spectral characteristics. These results demonstrate that high-quality nanowires are model systems for investigating fundamental scientific effects in 1D heterostructures.

Parabolic tapered photonic crystal cavity in silicon

We demonstrate the design, fabrication, transmission and nearfield characterization of a novel parabolic tapered 1D photonic crystal cavity in silicon. The design allows repeatable device fabrication, high quality factor and small modal volume. © 2012 OSA.

Parabolic tapered photonic crystal cavity in silicon

We demonstrate the design, fabrication, transmission and nearfield characterization of a novel parabolic tapered 1D photonic crystal cavity in silicon. The design allows repeatable device fabrication, high quality factor and small modal volume. © OSA 2012.

Parabolic tapered photonic crystal cavity in silicon

We demonstrate the design, fabrication, transmission and nearfield characterization of a novel parabolic tapered 1D photonic crystal cavity in silicon. The design allows repeatable device fabrication, high quality factor and small modal volume. © 2012 OSA.

Parabolic tapered photonic crystal cavity in silicon

We demonstrate the design, fabrication, transmission spectrum measurement, and near-field characterization of a parabolic tapered one-dimensional photonic crystal cavity in silicon. The results shows a relatively high quality factor (∼43 000), together with a small modal volume of ∼ 1. 1 (λ/n) 3. Moreover, the design allows repeatable device fabrication, as evident by the similar characteristics obtained for several tens of devices that were fabricated and tested. These demonstrated 1D PhC cavities may be used as a building block in integrated photonic circuits for optical on-chip interconnects and sensing applications. © 2012 American Institute of Physics.

Parabolic tapered photonic crystal cavity in silicon

We demonstrate the design, fabrication, transmission and nearfield characterization of a novel parabolic tapered 1D photonic crystal cavity in silicon. The design allows repeatable device fabrication, high quality factor and small modal volume. © OSA 2012.

Effects of shape and magnetic field on the optical properties of wurtzite quantum rods

The optical properties of quantum rods in the absence and presence of the magnetic field are studied in the framework of effective-mass envelope function theory. The two-dimensional (2D) and 1D transition dipoles of wurtzite quantum rods are investigated. It is found that the transition dipoles change from 2D to 1D as the aspect ratio of the ellipsoid increases, in agreement with the experimental results. The linear polarization factors of optical transitions of quantum rods with critical aspect ratio are zero at every orientation of the wave propagation. So quantum rods with critical aspect ratio have isotropic transition dipoles. Due to the 2D or 1D transition dipoles, the linear polarization factors of optical transitions of quantum rods change from negative or positive values to zero as the orientation of the wave propagation changes from the x axis of the crystal structure to the z axis, in agreement with the experimental results. Under magnetic field applied along the z axis of the crystal structure, the negative linear polarization factors in the 2D transition dipole case decrease as the magnetic field increases, while under magnetic field applied along the x axis, the negative linear polarization factors increase as the magnetic field increases. The antisymmetric Hamiltonian is very important to these effects of the magnetic field. It is found that quantum rods with a given radius at a given temperature have dark excitons in a range of aspect ratio. The dimensions along the x, y axes of the crystal structure play opposite roles to the dimension along the z axis on the dark exciton phenomenon. Dark excitons become bright under appropriate magnetic field.

Photoluminescence and electroluminescence of (Gd2O3-Ga2O3): Ce thin film

A novel electroluminescence oxide phosphor (Gd2O3-Ga2O3):Ce has been prepared by electron beam evaporation. The emission peaks of photoluminescence lie at 390nm and a shoulder at 440nm. However, the electroluminescence of the (Gd2O3-Ga2O3):Ce thin film have four emission peaks at 358nm, 390nm, 439nm and 510nm, respectively. The optical absorption of (Gd2O3-Ga2O3):Ce thin film and the photoluminescence of composite materials with various ratios of Ga2O3/(Gd2O3+Ga2O3) have also been described to investigate the origin of emission of photoluminescence and electroluminescence.

Ultraviolet-blue electroluminescence from Gd3Ga5O12 : Ag

UV-blue light was obtained from a thin-film electroluminescence device using Gd3Ga5O12:Ag as a light-emitting layer, which was deposited by using electron-beam evaporation. The crystal composition and structure of Gd3Ga5O12:Ag were studied by x-ray powder diffraction, The Gd3Ga5O12:Ag has a photoluminescence emission which peaked at around 397 and 467 nm, which were attributed to the oxide vacancies and Ag+, respectively. The brightness of 32 cd/m(2) was obtained when an alternating voltage of 130 V at 1 kHz was applied. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(00)05031-2].

Effect of defects on optical phonon Raman spectra in SiC nanorods

Fabricated one-dimensional (1D) materials often have abundant structural defects. Experimental observation and numerical calculation indicate that the broken translation symmetry due to structural defects may play a more important role than the quantum confinement effect in the Raman features of optical phonons in polar semiconductor quantum wires such as SiC nanorods, (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Formation, structure and fluorescence of CdS clusters in a mesoporous zeolite

CdS clusters are formed in the pores of a mesoporous zeolite in which the size of the clusters may be adjusted. The size of the clusters increases as the CdS loading is increased. X-ray diffraction investigation shows that the lattice constants of the clusters contract upon increasing size. This contraction is attributed to an increase of the static pressure exercised by the zeolite framework as the clusters grow bigger. Both the excitonic and trapped emission bands are detected and become more intensive upon decreasing size. Three absorption bands appear in the photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra and they shift to the blue as cluster size decreases. Based on the effective-mass approximation, the three bands are assigned to the 1S-1S, 1S-1P and 1S-1D transitions, respectively. The size-dependence of the PLE spectra can also be explained. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.

两段厌氧消化法处理甘蔗糖蜜酵母废水实验室研究

本文报道应用两段系统和上流式污泥床与过滤层结合型反应器的厌氧消化工艺处理甘蔗糖蜜酵母废水的研究方法及其获得的良好结果。当反应温度为35℃，反应器容积负荷为12gCOD/1·d时，进水COD_(cr)浓度为10，000mg/l，pH值为4.5，水力停留时间为0.83天，出水COD_(cr)浓度为3300—2700mg/l，pH值为7.1，COD_(cr)去除率为67—73%，反应器容积产气率在31/1.d以上，甲烷含量为70%左右，每克COD的沼气产量为0.251。

黄土丘陵区土壤基础呼吸对草地植被恢复的响应及其影响因素

为探讨黄土丘陵区草地植被自然恢复过程中土壤微生物活性的变化特征及其影响因素,采用"时空互代"法采集宁夏云雾山自然保护区8个不同植被恢复年限的春、夏两季0～20cm和20～40cm的土样,用室内密闭静态培养—碱液吸收法测定了新鲜和风干土样的基础呼吸。结果表明:土壤基础呼吸随植被恢复年限增加呈增加趋势,土壤呼吸强度和累积呼吸量都表现为植被恢复73年和78年较高,而耕地和植被恢复3年最低。采样季节对呼吸强度测定有较大影响,春季土样能更好地反映土壤微生物活性的变化。风干土样可以通过预培养后测定土壤的呼吸作用,且能更加稳定地反映不同土壤之间的差异。在测定土壤基础呼吸时,利用1d或3d的培养平均值能更稳定地表现不同土壤的特性。累积呼吸量可较呼吸强度更直观地反映不同土壤的微生物活性。土壤有机质和全氮含量与土壤呼吸强度密切相关。

紫花苜蓿不同根系分布模式的土壤水分模拟和验证

根系分布影响着土壤水分养分吸收,实测根系分布费时费力,经验根系分布函数参数简单,应用方便。该研究在田间采用苜蓿栽培土柱试验,测定根系分布,并将其和不同经验根系分布函数分别应用于Hydrus-1D对土壤水分进行动态模拟,通过土壤水分实测值和模拟值比较,验证分析了经验根系分布函数的适用性以及对土壤水分动态变化的影响。结果表明:拟合的根系分布、Prasad分布、Hoffman和van Genuchten分布3种根系分布函数的根长密度模拟值与36cm以下的根长密度实测值较为吻合,Raats根系分布模拟值与实测值及其他分布函数则差别较大。不同根系分布下土壤水分模拟差别不大,平均相对均方根误差在3.5%以下。非胁迫生长条件下,Prasad根系分布、Hoffman和vanGenuchten根系分布都可描述紫花苜蓿实际根系分布状况。

联萘基手性联吡啶的合成及其应用

本论文以手性联萘酚为手性源，合成一系列联蔡基手性联毗陡及其衍生物，歼探讨了部分手性配体在不对称催化氢转移等反应中的应用。同时，通过部分配体与金属离子配位合成了旋光纯手性金属配合物，并对其溶液性质进行了深入研究。主要工作和结论如下：利用Krohnke方法，从（R）-6-乙酞基-2，2'-二甲氧基-1，1'-联萘简洁地合成了6-[6-((R)-2,2'-二甲氧基-1，1'-联萘基）]-2，2'-联吡啶及其衍生物（R)-1a-e。在相似条件下，合成了6，6'-二［6-（2，2'-联吡啶基）］-1，1'-联萘衍生物（R）-27-b。利用Suztlki偶联反应，对化合物（R）-1e进一步进行修饰得到了高产率的6-芳基-6'-[6-((R)-2,2'-二甲氧基-1,1'-联萘基）〕-2，2'-联吡啶(R)-1f-i。通过（R）3-（4，4，5：5-四甲基-1，3，2-二唑硼烷基）2，2'-乙氧基-1,1'-联萘与6-溴-2，2'-联吡啶及其衍生物的Suzuki偶联合成了四种手性6-［3-（（R）-2，2'-乙氧基-1，1'-联萘基）］-2，2'-联吡啶衍生物（R）-3a-d。将（R）-27b与AgSO3CF3进行配位合成Ag（I）配位聚合物35。固态下，35具有M构型的无限单股螺旋结构，且每个Ag（I）中心的手性受到配体，扫联蔡基的控制，其构型为Λ。在用MS、CD、UV及NMR对配合物35的溶液性质进行深入研究时发现，在溶液中配合物35离解为剂聚体，同时齐聚体之间存在快速平衡，且平衡随浓度、温度等条件的不同而发生改变，配体的平衡构象也相应被调整。另外，合成了Ag（I）与(R)-1d的单核配合物34，其洛液表现出与配台物35相似的性质。探讨了1a-i在苯乙酮氢转移还原、苯乙烯环丙烷化等不对称催化反应中的应用。在这些反应中，大部分配体表现出很好的反应活性，但立体选择性比较差。以(S)3，3'-二（4，4，5．5-四甲基-1，3，2-唑硼烷基于-2，2'-二（甲氧亚甲氧基）-1,1'-联萘为原料与2-溴吡啶及其衍生物先进行Stlzuki偶联，再经水解反应较高产率地合成了C2-对称性新型（S）-3，3'-二吡啶丛联茶酚衍生物（S）-38a-d。