1000 resultados para Romantismo Português
Resumo:
O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar as palavras e expressões malsonantes em quatro dicionários bilíngües escolares, especificamente na macroestrutura espanhol-português, bem como apresentar uma proposta de marcação para indicar os contextos de uso dessas palavras e expressões na microestrutura de tais dicionários. Para tanto, analisamos os verbetes que recebem a marca “malsonante” no Diccionario Electrónico de la Lengua Española (2003) e, com base nessa análise, sugerimos uma forma de sistematização de algumas marcas estilísticas importantes para especificar o uso do léxico malsonante em obras bilíngües espanhol-português, utilizadas em contextos pedagógicos. Os resultados desta pesquisa apontam para a necessidade de se rever as informações sobre o uso da língua na microestrutura de obras lexicográficas, especialmente das obras bilíngües escolares, as quais contrastam duas línguas e apresentam, pois, usos distintos aos aprendizes de língua estrangeira.
Resumo:
Tendo como objetivo a investigação acerca da descrição lexicográfica dos adjetivos estéticos, este trabalho observou como se estruturam a microestrutura, no enfoque da descrição sintático-semântica, e a macroestrutura, no que toca à organização lexical, de adjetivos do campo semântico da estética, em dicionários vernaculares do português brasileiro. Fundamentaram a análise dos dados os conceitos, definições e metodologia de elaboração de artigos de dicionário da Teoria Lexicológica Explicativo-Combinatória, bem como das pesquisas léxicosemânticas presentes no Dicionário Explicativo-Combinatório do Francês Contemporâneo. Observou-se que os adjetivos descritos nos dicionários vernaculares carecem da informação lexical que é passível de ser delineada apenas mediante uma descrição sintático-semântica acurada e rigorosa, em termos de lexicografia com base lexicológica. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de serem estruturadas as entradas lexicais de adjetivos estéticos em obras lexicográficas, com base na sua caracterização sintático-semântica, que envolve, entre outras, questões de tipologia denotacional e inter-relação sintaxesemântica.
Resumo:
O objectivo desta tese é discutir o uso das distribuições hiperbólicas generalizadas como modelo para os retornos logarítmicos de 4 activos do mercado de capitais Português. Os activos em análise são o índice Português PSI 20 e as 3 maiores empresas pertencentes ao PSI 20: PT, EDP e BCP. Os dados são constituidos pelos valores de fecho diário durante mais de 8 anos. Utilizando o software R procederemos à estimação dos parâmetros das distribuições para ajustamento aos dados empíricos. Para medir o grau de ajustamento das distribuições aos dados empíricos usamos os gráficos QQ-plots e 4 distâncias: Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kuiper, Anderson-Darling e Fajardo-Farias-Ornelas. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que o melhor ajustamento é feito pela hiperbólica generalizada e em seguida a distribuição normal inversa gaussiana. Todas as distribuições desta família ajustam-se muito melhor que a distribuição normal. Por último temos uma aplicação ao cálculo do preço de derivados financeiros, nomeadamente a fórmula de uma opção de compra Europeia no modelo discutido.
Resumo:
Após profunda pesquisa sobre possíveis temas para abordar nesta dissertação, eis que chegamos ao nome de Manuel Caetano Pimenta de Aguiar, dramaturgo madeirense, de ideais liberais vincados, nascido no século XVIII e com um período de fecundidade literária nos primórdios do Século XIX, uma época marcada por forte instabilidade políticas que também haveria de sacudir o mundo da criação artística. Interessaram-nos do conjunto da sua obra, toda ela constituída por tragédias, O Carácter dos Lusitanos, D. João I e D. Sebastião em África. Nelas intuímos a coerência da matéria de pendor nacionalista, tão cara ao gosto romântico que então desabrochava. A sua obra, com evidentes traços clássicos, mostra já uma originalidade ao nível dos temas tratados. Veremos como se mantém fiel a toda a estrutura da tragédia, mas como introduz novos conceitos, que serão mais tarde desenvolvidos pelos Românticos, como sejam, o gosto pela morte e o horrendo, o nacionalismo exacerbado e a exaltação da história e dos heróis nacionais.
Resumo:
Pour beaucoup de chercheurs, il y a une crise à l école et dans l enseignement/apprentissage des langues qui est provoquée par un enseignement cloisonné et décontextualisé de la réalité. Dans ce type d enseignement/apprentissage, le livre scolaire a une présence si hégémonique qu il est la source quasi exclusive du discours pédagogique et on ne fait que très rarement usage des langages du quotidien des apprenants. Le langage télévisuel est un de ces langages qui pourraient être utilisé pour ciliter enseignement/apprentissage d une langue vivante, variée et en situation, car il permet l exploration de tous les composants de la compétence de communication. En même temps, ce langage pourrait servir à sensibiliser les apprenants à une éducation aux médias. Le journal télévisé peut favoriser un enseignement/apprentissage intégré de la langue maternelle et de la langue étrangère, grâce à son format, similaire dans plusieurs cultures, et à son importance en tant que reflet des valeurs socioculturels des sociétés. Ces qualités sont très favorables pour stimuler le transfert des compétences entre la langue maternelle et la langue étrangère, pour qu on puisse enseigner et apprendre une langue, et connaître une culture. Le journal télévisé est vu comme une source d information et son analyse en classe peut contribuer à la formation d un apprenent/citoyen actualisé, critique et conscient des problèmes et des répresentations des sociétés
Resumo:
The constitution of being a teacher of Portuguese occurs in a dynamic process involving various factors, such as the requirements of regulatory documents, the context of teacher formation, and the configuration of current society, per se. This study is aimed at reflecting on the initial formation of teachers of Portuguese and on official documents that face this formation, raising the following questions: (1) what does it mean to be a Portuguese teacher? (2) what is the vision of the subjects (teachers and students) involved with the formation of teaching the Portuguese Language? (3) how do these individuals deal with official documents? and (4) how do these subjects discourses relate? To understand the context of the formative processes and the knowledge inherent in them, first we take the studies of Garcia (1999) and Tardif (2002) as a theoretical framework, and to understand and interpret the utterances of the interviewees, we were grounded in the writing of Bakhtin (2003), for whom the object of the Humanities, the sciences of man, is the text, since man is, by nature, an expressive being. We situate this study in the framework of qualitative research. It is a multiple case study that focuses on two contexts: formation of teachers of Portuguese at the University of Minho, Portugal, and the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The data that make up the research corpus come from documents elaborated by the Ministries of Education of Portugal and Brazil and were adopted by the two teacher formation institutions cited, from individual interviews involving eight trainer teachers (four from each university), and from two group-interviews (one in each institution), done with students in training. Our analysis is divided into three stages: first, document analysis; second, analysis of the discourse of the teachers in both contexts studied; and, third, analysis of the speech of the students in training. It is noteworthy that our purpose in this research was not to come out with a definition like being a teacher of Portuguese is X, but we are interested, above all, in discussing the issues surrounding initial formation, seeking different points of view, and hearing voices coming from different social positions for better understanding our object of study. Our analysis reveals that the initial formation of teachers of Portuguese, both in Portugal and Brazil, occurs in a complex way, under the influence of various factors, including: (a) difficulties in having the individuals involved adapt to the demands of regulatory agencies; (b) students and teachers adequacy to the organizational model of the post-secondary institution; (c) teachers difficulties to deal with the learning problems of students who have limited schooling basis and come from distinct socioeconomic realities; (d) a search for the establishment of methodologies for teaching and learning the Portuguese Language more adequate to reality; and (e) a search for a definition of professional knowledge needed for the teaching practice
Resumo:
Through the examination of official indicators, it can be observed that writing is pointed out as one of the main problems concerning formal basic education. However, this teaching-learning object is one of the central objectives at school, having an essential role in different curricular components as well as in the interaction demands required by society. Such paradox indicates, therefore, the relevance of investigations which analyze the intrinsic elements of child development as written text producer. Hence, the main purpose of this research consists of analyzing the treatment given to the types of discourse and the teaching situations in which the written text are produced, concerning Portuguese language didactic material collections approved by Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD 2010) the Brazilian program of didactic book and worked at elementary school. Such materials correspond to the collections adopted in municipal education system schools from Natal, RN which were below the official education indicator IDEB 2009. Thus, the questions that guide this work are: 1. During writing production lessons, is the diversity of types of discourse effectively worked on didactic collections? 2. Which are the types of discourse and the social spheres prioritized when teaching writing production? 3. How is the situation addressed in the production of the written text should be produced? For this research, we retook the authors Bakhtin, Bunzen, Faraco, Freire, Rodrigues, Rojo, Schneuwly e Dolz and we made a list of all types of discourse and spheres contemplated in the propositions of the writing production in didactical books, concerning the eight collections which compounds the first moment of analysis. Then, we verified how the situation of production is oriented by examining two didactic collections if and how they express the elements referring to the social-historical, functional and linguistic-discursive context of the text to be produced. The data obtained indicate: lack of diversification of types of discourse in the collection that compounds the Aggregate Sample of the research; the conception of a diversity based on the didactic of visiting; the recognition of all canonical and hegemonic types of text as one of the privileged objects of study; the centralization on the standard variety of the language and the devaluation of the representative types of cultural diversity; the shortage of productions which retrace to written language related to different technologies of communication and information; and the little emphasis on the types of discourse related to public language practices. As for the situations of production, it is observed the predominance of the school as a producer of dialogic relationships, whose propositions present, for example, text addressees, enunciative positions, support and contexts of restricted circulation, especially at school. Two divergent situations are observed among the collections: the lack of a work in which the situation of production is under the perspective of the types of discourse as object of teaching-learning; the concept of the types of discourse as object of reflection, presenting a differentiated didactic orientation towards the situation of production. This research contributes, therefore, with a mapping of the existence and the treatment of the types of discourse on propositions of writing production in didactic books; with the critical analysis of the approach of written activities, considering the elements of the historical-social, functional and linguistic-discursive context; thus, through teaching, research and public policies, use and selection of didactic material for the area