High-resolution multi-proxy record of the last interglacial period from Lake Van, eastern Anatolian high plateau, Turkey

A high-resolution multi-proxy record from Lake Van, eastern Anatolia, derived from a lacustrine sequence cored at the 357 m deep Ahlat Ridge (AR), allows a comprehensive view of paleoclimate and environmental history in the continental Near East during the last interglacial (LI). We combined paleovegetation (pollen), stable oxygen isotope (d18Obulk) and XRF data from the same sedimentary sequence, showing distinct variations during the period from 135 to 110 ka ago leading into and out of full interglacial conditions. The last interglacial plateau, as defined by the presence of thermophilous steppe-forest communities, lasted ca. 13.5 ka, from ~129.1-115.6 ka BP. The detailed palynological sequence at Lake Van documents a vegetation succession with several climatic phases: (I) the Pistacia zone (ca. 131.2-129.1 ka BP) indicates summer dryness and mild winter conditions during the initial warming, (II) the Quercus-Ulmus zone (ca. 129.1-127.2 ka BP) occurred during warm and humid climate conditions with enhanced evaporation, (III) the Carpinus zone (ca. 127.2-124.1 ka BP) suggest increasingly cooler and wetter conditions, and (IV) the expansion of Pinus at ~124.1 ka BP marks the onset of a colder/drier environment that extended into the interval of global ice growth. Pollen data suggest migration of thermophilous trees from refugial areas at the beginning of the last interglacial. Analogous to the current interglacial, the migration documents a time lag between the onset of climatic amelioration and the establishment of an oak steppe-forest, spanning 2.1 ka. Hence, the major difference between the last interglacial compared to the current interglacial (Holocene) is the abundance of Pinus as well as the decrease of deciduous broad-leaved trees, indicating higher continentality during the last interglacial. Finally, our results demonstrate intra-interglacial variability in the low mid-latitudes and suggest a close connection with the high-frequency climate variability recorded in Greenland ice cores.

Pollen record from Kleiner Mochowsee, Germany

A Holocene pollen diagram from Kleiner Mochowsee (northern Niederlausitz, East Germany) shows pine as an important constituent of the woodland south of the Schwielochsee. Oak woodland was widespread since the Atlantic. Betula lost its importance at the end of the Preboreal. Fagus is represented continuously in the pollen record since the Atlantic, Carpinus since the Subboreal. However, the two latter tree species remain without great importance throughout the whole pollen record. The poor sandy soils are furthermore reflected by the low values of Corylus during the Boreal, comparable to other records from Berlin and its surrounding area. The 'classical' elm decline could be shown for the Niederlausitz, radiocarbon dates assume a contemporaneous age for this event with other records from northern Germany. Only small-scaled human impact is indicated in prehistoric times, during the migration period it seems to have ceased completely. Later, in the Medieval, deforestation and tillage can be shown. Secale was cultivated since the early Medieval; an accompanying weed flora appeared at the same time. Cultivation of Fagopyrum and Linum usitatissimum could be shown for the late Medieval times.

Pollen analysis from Fiekers Busch, Rinteln, Germany

Fiekers Busch is a wet alder wood close to Rinteln (southwest of Hannover/West Germany) existing there since about 6 000 or - at the most - 7 500 radiocarbon years. The sandy layers below the peaty sequence date from about 9 000 BP. The pollen diagram shows the basic trends of the postglacial vegetational development. Low pollen frequency and poor pollen preservation do , however, strongly restrict the possibilities to explain the peculiarities of the pollendiagram, especially the high pine and linden values.

Pollen record and age determination of a sediment profile from Frengstadsetra, Norway

Innerdalen was once a mountain valley (ca. 780 m a.s.l.) with birch forests, bogs and several summer farms. Today it is a 6.5 km**2 artifical lake. In 1980 and 1981 archaeological and palynological investigations were carried out due to the hydroelectric power plans. Radiocarbon dated pollen diagrams from 9 different localities in Innerdalen provide information on a mountain environment which has been exploited to varying degrees by human groups for thousands of years. In the Birch Zone, ca. 9500-8500 years B.P., the deglaciated surface is vegetated by the normal sequence of pioneering species, first show-bed communities, then shrub/dwarf-shrub communities, and finally a birch forest community. In the Pine Zone, ca. 8500-7500 years B.P., the mixed Birch-Pine forest which prevailed at the end of the Birch Zone is replaced by a dense pine forest. The tree limit was higher than it is today. In the Alder Zone, ca. 7500-4000 years B.P., the newly arrived alder gradually succeeded pine, particularily on good soils. This alder forest has a modem analog in the pre-alpine gray alder forests in Norway. In the last part of the Alder Zone, ca. 6000-4000 years B.P., elm and hazel are nominally present on particularily rich soils, marking the edaphic and climatic optimum in Innerdalen. During this time the first evidence of human impact on the vegetation is apparent in the pollen diagrams. At both Sætersetra in the south of the valley and Liabekken in the north, forest clearance and the development of grazed grass meadows is documented, and human impact continues until the present. The Herb Zone, ca. 4000 years B.P. to 1600 A.D., is characterized by the rapid decline of alder. The forest is increasingly open, and bog formation is initiated. The sub-alpine belt of birch forest is established, probably due to the shift to a cooler, moister climate. Human activity can also have influenced the vegetational changes, although at 4 of the localities human activity also is first apparent after the alder decline. Some localities show measurably less human impact on the vegetation ca. 2600-2000 years B.P. Grazing intensity increases ca. 2000 years B.P. At the end of the Herb Zone rye and barley pollen is registered at Sætersetra and Flonan, indicating contact between the grazing activities of Innerdal and grain cultivation activities outside the valley. The Spruce Zone, ca. 1600 A.D. to the present, does not begin synchronously since the presence of long-distance transported spruce pollen at a locality is entirely dependent on the density of the vegetation ie. degree of human impact. The youngest spruce rise is ca. 1500 A.D. at Røstvangen, when summerfarming is initiated. Summerfarming activities in Innerdal produce an increasingly open landscape. Rye and barley pollen at several localities may indicate limited local cultivation, but is more likely long-distance transport via humans and domesticated animals from cultivated areas outside Innerdalen.

Women in movement : Gender relations in quilombola community Buriti do Meio on the North of Minas Gerais/Brazil

In a civilisation space of Sao Francisco basin river. Women and men interlace on their relations building mutual and each one on your way in handling of the clay in politics fights and in life daily of Buriti do Meio Quilombo. The objective of this study was to do a ethnographically reflection of gender relations that link men and women in the black rural community Buriti do Meio in Sao Francisco municipal district on the North of Minas Gerais/Brazil. We tried to understand the meanings and the composed representations on the feminineness and the masculine ways in relation that men and women set up among themselves in handling workmanship for the information in politics fight of community group as quilombo remaining and to rights access derived and everyday life where they build and organize together the life of all their members reflecting in his symbolic order. Buriti do Meio is traditional known for its handcraft and for cultural manifestations, legacy of their ancestral, olds slaves that ran way to look for autonomy and freedom express signs of afrobrazilian culture inserted on the civilization space in Sao Francisco basin river

Pollen records from two outcrop profiles in the Kakitu Mountain of Tibet

There is a great similarity between pollen types which occur in the early Holocene NE Tibetan pollen spectra and those which are commonly considered to be typical for the Würm Late Glacial period in Central Europe and for the Würm Pleniglacial period in Southern Europe. Evidently, this similarity is due to a remarkable general conformity of plant taxa growing in cold-arid regions of the northern hemisphere. The improvement of the climate and the retreat of the glaciers that commenced at the end of the Würm period had already terminated definitely before 9500 BP. In addition, the climatic situation as well as the vegetation belts must have remained rather constant during the following 3000 yr, i.e. through most parts of the climatic optimum of the Holocene.

Cartografía de la diferencia : Escenarios y territorios de la desigualdad en las representaciones televisivas de los usuarios de drogas

Esta ponencia surge de una investigación sobre las representaciones televisivas de los usuarios de drogas, donde, la pregunta por la ?diferencia? de clase, nos permitió reponer la importancia de la dimensión simbólico-cultural de la desigualdad. El estudio de este caso, implicó analizar no sólo los imaginarios que construye la televisión en torno de la diversidad de usuarios de drogas, sino también los mecanismos y dispositivos que emplean los medios de comunicación, y en particular el medio televisivo, para culturalizar el conflicto (Grimson, 2007). Porque la cultura, lugar por excelencia donde se produce sentido social, es producto y consecuencia del modo en que se relacionan las clases sociales y donde se continúan las relaciones de igualdad-desigualdad. En esta ocasión, nos centraremos, en particular, en el análisis de los espacios y de los territorios donde aparecen representados quienes consumen ?Poxi-ran?, ?paco?, y ?éxtasis?. Con tal sentido, daremos cuenta de los elementos que se emplean para construir los escenarios donde se los sitúa a unos y a otros, los territorios donde se los localiza, y la relación que estas elaboraciones audiovisuales mantienen con el espacio social de los actores

Los actores locales y su representación corporativa. Las Juntas de Comercio y su dinámica de funcionamiento

Este trabajo tiene el propósito de analizar la dinámica interna y las pautas de funcionamiento de las Juntas de Comercio en el Río de la Plata en la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII. A través de ellas se puede analizar las estrategias de los actores locales para la defensa de sus intereses colectivos ante la Corona y el resto de los actores corporativos. Las Juntas como recurso de acción colectiva fueron conocidas desde 1749 y conformarían una institución semiformal con sus autoridades permanentes desde 1779. En este sentido, las Juntas conformarían una organización mercantil compleja con sus propias particularidades y pautas de comportamiento y no meramente el origen del Consulado de Comercio fundado en 1794. Así, y en el contexto de los cambios impulsados por los Borbones en el siglo XVIIII, las Juntas conformarían un ámbito específico de elaboración de estrategias controlado por una elite mercantil que a cambio de beneficios mercantiles aseguraba a la Corona la obtención de ingresos.

Palynology on a profile from the Krusné Hory Mountains

Site details: The raised bog Fláje-Kiefern (50°429N, 13°329 E; 760 m a.s.l.; size ca. 500x500 m) lies in the Krusné Hory Mountains (Erzgebirge), Czech Republic, about 10 km from Georgenfelder Moor in Germany. Hejny and Slavík (1988) described the phytogeographic region of the Krusne Hory Mountains as 'a region of mountain flora and vegetation, with thermophilous species largely missing. In the natural forests, conifers, especially spruce (Picea excelsa) prevail. The deforested areas have been converted into meadows and pastures'. The climate is cool with annual average temperatures of about 5°C and annual precipitation of about 900 mm. The bedrock is Precambrian crystallinicum.

Pollen record and dating of a sediment profile from Ahlequellmoor in Germany

A pollen diagram from the Ahlequellmoor in the Solling area shows the history of vegetation and settlement over the last 7,800 years. In the early Atlantic period mixed deciduous forest with mainly Tilia together with Ulmus and Quercus grew in the area. In the late Atlantic period Quercus became most abundant. Fagus spread in the Sub-boreal period at about 2700 B.C. Since ca. 900 B.C. the Solling was covered by beech forests with some oak. In prehistoric times woodland grazing is indicated. Only in Medieval times are two settlements in the vicinity of the Ahlequellmoor reflected in the pollen diagram. The earlier one is dated to about A.D. 750-1020, and may be connected with the former Monastery of Hethis, which is thought to have existed close to the fen from A.D. 815 to 822. The second Medieval settlement dates to the 11th-12th century. The large-scale woodland destruction of late Medieval and modern times is not clearly visible. The silvicultural measures of the last 200 years are reflected by increasing values of spruce and grassland taxa.

Pollen record of sediment profile NERO from Russia

(of book) Problems of origin of the hydrosphere, history of formation and development of underground water, of the World Ocean, lakes, rivers, surface and subsurface ice are under consideration in the book. An attempt of the complete reconstruction of the continental hydrosphere in the Eastern Europe in Late Pleistocene is made. Methods of paleohydrologic studies are described. Some papers are devoted to paleoclimatic problems of river runoff formation and paleotermic evolution of continental glaciers.

Los actores locales y su representación corporativa. Las Juntas de Comercio y su dinámica de funcionamiento

Este trabajo tiene el propósito de analizar la dinámica interna y las pautas de funcionamiento de las Juntas de Comercio en el Río de la Plata en la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII. A través de ellas se puede analizar las estrategias de los actores locales para la defensa de sus intereses colectivos ante la Corona y el resto de los actores corporativos. Las Juntas como recurso de acción colectiva fueron conocidas desde 1749 y conformarían una institución semiformal con sus autoridades permanentes desde 1779. En este sentido, las Juntas conformarían una organización mercantil compleja con sus propias particularidades y pautas de comportamiento y no meramente el origen del Consulado de Comercio fundado en 1794. Así, y en el contexto de los cambios impulsados por los Borbones en el siglo XVIIII, las Juntas conformarían un ámbito específico de elaboración de estrategias controlado por una elite mercantil que a cambio de beneficios mercantiles aseguraba a la Corona la obtención de ingresos.

Women in movement : Gender relations in quilombola community Buriti do Meio on the North of Minas Gerais/Brazil

In a civilisation space of Sao Francisco basin river. Women and men interlace on their relations building mutual and each one on your way in handling of the clay in politics fights and in life daily of Buriti do Meio Quilombo. The objective of this study was to do a ethnographically reflection of gender relations that link men and women in the black rural community Buriti do Meio in Sao Francisco municipal district on the North of Minas Gerais/Brazil. We tried to understand the meanings and the composed representations on the feminineness and the masculine ways in relation that men and women set up among themselves in handling workmanship for the information in politics fight of community group as quilombo remaining and to rights access derived and everyday life where they build and organize together the life of all their members reflecting in his symbolic order. Buriti do Meio is traditional known for its handcraft and for cultural manifestations, legacy of their ancestral, olds slaves that ran way to look for autonomy and freedom express signs of afrobrazilian culture inserted on the civilization space in Sao Francisco basin river

Cartografía de la diferencia : Escenarios y territorios de la desigualdad en las representaciones televisivas de los usuarios de drogas

Esta ponencia surge de una investigación sobre las representaciones televisivas de los usuarios de drogas, donde, la pregunta por la ?diferencia? de clase, nos permitió reponer la importancia de la dimensión simbólico-cultural de la desigualdad. El estudio de este caso, implicó analizar no sólo los imaginarios que construye la televisión en torno de la diversidad de usuarios de drogas, sino también los mecanismos y dispositivos que emplean los medios de comunicación, y en particular el medio televisivo, para culturalizar el conflicto (Grimson, 2007). Porque la cultura, lugar por excelencia donde se produce sentido social, es producto y consecuencia del modo en que se relacionan las clases sociales y donde se continúan las relaciones de igualdad-desigualdad. En esta ocasión, nos centraremos, en particular, en el análisis de los espacios y de los territorios donde aparecen representados quienes consumen ?Poxi-ran?, ?paco?, y ?éxtasis?. Con tal sentido, daremos cuenta de los elementos que se emplean para construir los escenarios donde se los sitúa a unos y a otros, los territorios donde se los localiza, y la relación que estas elaboraciones audiovisuales mantienen con el espacio social de los actores