Propagation of intense laser pulses in strongly magnetized plasmas

Propagation of intense circularly polarized laser pulses in strongly magnetized inhomogeneous plasmas is investigated. It is shown that a left-hand circularly polarized laser pulse propagating up the density gradient of the plasma along the magnetic field is reflected at the left-cutoff density. However, a right-hand circularly polarized laser can penetrate up the density gradient deep into the plasma without cutoff or resonance and turbulently heat the electrons trapped in its wake. Results from particle-in-cell simulations are in good agreement with that from the theory. (c) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.

Deep Salience: Visual Salience Modeling via Deep Belief Propagation

Visual salience is an intriguing phenomenon observed in biological neural systems. Numerous attempts have been made to model visual salience mathematically using various feature contrasts, either locally or globally. However, these algorithmic models tend to ignore the problem’s biological solutions, in which visual salience appears to arise during the propagation of visual stimuli along the visual cortex. In this paper, inspired by the conjecture that salience arises from deep propagation along the visual cortex, we present a Deep Salience model where a multi-layer model based on successive Markov random fields (sMRF) is proposed to analyze the input image successively through its deep belief propagation. As a result, the foreground object can be automatically separated from the background in a fully unsupervised way. Experimental evaluation on the benchmark dataset validated that our Deep Salience model can consistently outperform eleven state-of-the-art salience models, yielding the higher rates in the precision-recall tests and attaining the best F-measure and mean-square error in the experiments.

Propagation Characteristics of Groove Gap Waveguide Below and Above Cutoff

Recently, gap waveguides have been shown as a potential alternative to conventional waveguides in the millimeterwave band. Until now, Groove Gap Waveguide (GGW) has been studied through direct correspondence with rectangular waveguide with the same physical dimensions. However there have been observed differences in the above cutoff propagation characteristics between these two waveguide types. Furthermore, the behavior of GGW below cutoff remains unknown. This work presents a discussion of both below and above cutoff propagation characteristics of GGW, and introduces a simple model that explains the observed GGW behavior and establishes well its propagation characteristics. Two TRL calibration kits have been manufactured, and the measurements have good agreement with the proposed analysis model results.

Selective Multi-Carrier Index Keying OFDM: Error Propagation Rate with Moment Generating Function

We propose a new selective multi-carrier index keying in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems that opportunistically modulate both a small subset of sub-carriers and their indices. Particularly, we investigate the performance enhancement in two cases of error propagation sensitive and compromised deviceto-device (D2D) communications. For the performance evaluation, we focus on analyzing the error propagation probability (EPP) introducing the exact and upper bound expressions on the detection error probability, in the presence of both imperfect and perfect detection of active multi-carrier indices. The average EPP results in closedform are generalized for various fading distribution using the moment generating function, and our numerical results clearly show that the proposed approach is desirable for reliable and energy-efficient D2D applications.

Extravascular modified lipoproteins: a role in the propagation of diabetic retinopathy in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes

Aims/hypothesis: We aimed to determine whether plasma lipoproteins, after leakage into the retina and modification by glycation and oxidation, contribute to the development of diabetic retinopathy in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes.

Methods: To simulate permeation of plasma lipoproteins intoretinal tissues, streptozotocin-induced mouse models of diabetes and non-diabetic mice were challenged with intravitreal injection of human ‘highly-oxidised glycated’ low-density lipoprotein (HOG-LDL), native- (N-) LDL, or the vehicle PBS.Retinal histology, electroretinography (ERG) and biochemical markers were assessed over the subsequent 14 days.

Results: Intravitreal administration of N-LDL and PBS had noeffect on retinal structure or function in either diabetic or non-diabetic animals. In non-diabetic mice, HOG-LDL elicited a transient inflammatory response without altering retinal function,but in diabetic mice it caused severe, progressive retinal injury, with abnormal morphology, ERG changes, vascular leakage, vascular endothelial growth factor overexpression, gliosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and propensity to apoptosis.

Conclusions/interpretation: Diabetes confers susceptibility to retinal injury imposed by intravitreal injection of modified LDL. The data add to the existing evidence that extravasated, modified plasma lipoproteins contribute to the propagation of diabetic retinopathy. Intravitreal delivery of HOG-LDL simulates a stress known to be present, in addition to hyperglycaemia, in human diabetic retinopathy once blood retinal barriers are compromised.

In vitro propagation of insectivorous plants for phytochemical purposes

Dissertação mest., Engenharia Biológica, Universidade do Algarve, 2009

Statistique de photons d’une jonction tunnel déduite de mesures de potentiel électrique à l’aide d’un amplificateur paramétrique Josephson

On présente dans ce mémoire la mesure de la statistique de photons des fluctuations électromagnétiques micro-ondes d’une jonction tunnel placée à ultra-basse température. En particulier, on déduit cettedite statistique en mesurant les cumulants des fluctuations de courant générées par une jonction tunnel polarisée en courant continu et photoexcitée par un signal haute fréquence. On utilise un amplificateur paramétrique Josephson en tant que premier maillon de la chaîne d’amplification en raison de son bruit près de la limite quantique. On développe aussi un modèle pour tenir compte de sa saturation, celle-ci étant apparente à des puissances de signal incident très faibles. C’est, à ma connaissance, la première fois qu’un tel amplificateur est utilisé pour étudier la physique au sein du bruit émis par un conducteur mésoscopique. Les résultats mettent en évidence l’apparition d’un excès dans le quatrième cumulant lorsque la photoexcitation s’effectue au double de la fréquence de mesure. Un développement mathématique simple nous permet d’associer cet excès à la statistique de photons, sous la forme d’une augmentation – à nombre de photons fixe – de la variance du nombre moyen de photons contenue dans le signal. C’est en fait une signature de l’émission de paires de photons corrélés par la jonction tunnel photoexcitée. Ces résultats font le pont entre ceux obtenus précédemment par notre groupe de recherche quant aux cumulants d’ordre supérieur du bruit et ceux associées aux parallèles entre l’optique quantique et les fluctuations de courant des dispositifs mésoscopiques. [Gasse et al. PRL 111, 136601 (2013) ; Forgues et al. Scientific Reports 3, 2869 (2013) ; Forgues et al. PRL 113, 043602 (2014)] Ils dressent un portait intéressant du bruit photoexcité en termes normalement associés à l’optique quantique.

Intelligent modelling of temperature propagation induced by therapeutic ultrasound

Dissertação de Mestrado, Engenharia Electrónica e Telecomunicações, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

The generation and propagation of internal waves in Nootka Sound

senior thesis written for Oceanography 445

A simulation investigation into the effects of sea level rise on tidal propagation in fjords

Senior thesis written for Oceanography 445

Modelling the airline costs of delay propagation

Reactionary delays constitute nearly half of all delay minutes in Europe. A capped, multi-component model is presented for estimating reactionary delay costs, as a non-linear function of primary delay duration. Maximum Take-Off Weights, historically established as a charging mechanism, may be used to model delay costs. Current industry reporting on delay is flight-centric. Passenger-centric metrics are needed to better understand delay propagation. In ATM, it is important to take account of contrasting flight- and passenger-centric effects, caused by cancellations, for example. Costs to airlines and passenger disutility will both continue to be driven by delay relative to the original schedule.

From local to global importance measures of uncertainty propagation in composite structures

The influence of uncertainties of input parameters on output response of composite structures is investigated in this paper. In particular, the effects of deviations in mechanical properties, ply angles, ply thickness and on applied loads are studied. The uncertainty propagation and the importance measure of input parameters are analysed using three different approaches: a first-order local method, a Global Sensitivity Analysis (GSA) supported by a variance-based method and an extension of local variance to estimate the global variance over the domain of inputs. Sample results are shown for a shell composite laminated structure built with different composite systems including multi-materials. The importance measures of input parameters on structural response based on numerical results are established and discussed as a function of the anisotropy of composite materials. Needs for global variance methods are discussed by comparing the results obtained from different proposed methodologies. The objective of this paper is to contribute for the use of GSA techniques together with low expensive local importance measures.

Uncertainty propagation in inverse reliability-based design of composite structures

An approach for the analysis of uncertainty propagation in reliability-based design optimization of composite laminate structures is presented. Using the Uniform Design Method (UDM), a set of design points is generated over a domain centered on the mean reference values of the random variables. A methodology based on inverse optimal design of composite structures to achieve a specified reliability level is proposed, and the corresponding maximum load is outlined as a function of ply angle. Using the generated UDM design points as input/output patterns, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is developed based on an evolutionary learning process. Then, a Monte Carlo simulation using ANN development is performed to simulate the behavior of the critical Tsai number, structural reliability index, and their relative sensitivities as a function of the ply angle of laminates. The results are generated for uniformly distributed random variables on a domain centered on mean values. The statistical analysis of the results enables the study of the variability of the reliability index and its sensitivity relative to the ply angle. Numerical examples showing the utility of the approach for robust design of angle-ply laminates are presented.