Foraminifera species in the CO2 vents near Ischia, Italy, 2010

The seas around the island of Ischia (Italy) have a lowered pH as a result of volcanic gas vents that emit carbon dioxide from the sea floor at ambient seawater temperatures. These areas of acidified seawater provide natural laboratories in which to study the long-term biological response to rising CO2 levels. Benthic foraminifera (single-celled protists) are particularly interesting as they have short life histories, are environmentally sensitive and have an excellent fossil record. Here, we examine changes in foraminiferal assemblages along pH gradients at CO2 vents on the coast of Ischia and show that the foraminiferal distribution, diversity and nature of the fauna change markedly in the living assemblages as pH decreases.

University of Michigan Men's Basketball Team, 2002

<p><b>Back Row (standing):</b> Coach Tommy Amaker, director of basketball operations Kirsten Green, strength coach Jim Plocki, asst. coach Charles E. Ramsey, Dommanic Ingerson, Bernard Robinson Jr., Chuck Bailey, Josh Moore, Ron Garber, Colin Dill, LaVell Blanchard, Herb Gibson, asst. coach Billy Schmidt, equip. mngr. Bob Bland, asst. coach Chuck Swenson. </p><p><b>Front Row:</b> admin. asst. Steve Grialou, mngr. Alan Hibino, Avery Queen, Marcus Bennett, captain Rotolu Adebiyi, captain Chris Young, captain Leon Jones, Gavin Groninger, Mike Gotfredson, mngr. Lucien St. Gerard, trainer Eric Broekhuizen.</p>

Practical steps local government can take to conserve energy : final report August 26, 1977 /

On cover: Capacity building program.

Architecture and building.

Description based on: Vol. 21, no. 18 (Nov. 3, 1894); title from caption.

Housing conditions and housing options for older residents : a question of need, a question of acceptable alternatives : final report /

The primary goal of this project is to learn more about the housing conditions of the rural elderly in Illinois. By using questions similar to those included in the American Housing Survey (AHS) used by the Bureau of the Census, comparisons can be made between Illinois residents and a national sample. The questions used in this Housing Conditions and Housing Options for Older Residents Survey (2002) (Appendix B) focus specifically on issues related to the availability and condition of plumbing, heating, electricity, and upkeep using guidelines extablished by the AHS. ... There are three objectives for this study (1) to determine the type and condition of housing occupied by older residents in three regions of Illinois, (2) to determine the types of housing elderly residents would choose from a list of options and what conditions would cause them to choose that type of housing, and (3) to examine whether regional variations exist in housing conditions and housing options among rural residents of Illinois.

Illinois cancer statistics review, 1986-2002 /

"June 2005."

Rackham Blg. [Building] construction

Building site, tower and elevator. No. 1 of chronological series of construction photographs, numbered 1 to 32. Smith, Hinchman & Grylls, architects. W.B. Wood Co., construction. Frieze Building in background

Rackham Blg. [Building] construction

Extensive view to north of building. Cement hopper and chute visible from both towers. No. 12 of chronological series of construction photographs, numbered 1 to 32. Smith, Hinchman & Grylls, architects. W.B. Wood Co., construction

East wing of Rackham Building

Smith, Hinchman & Grylls, architects. W.B. Wood Co., construction. Side and front of east wing. View toward west

School of Nursing Class of 2002

<p><b>Top Row: </b>Robyn Albrecht, Brea Anne Aldorfer, Elizabeth Andersen, Jamie Anderson, TaNea Andrews, Julie Badgero, Margarita Barrientes, Jessica Barton, Jennifer Baughman, Catherine Baxter, Jeff Bell, Jessica Bellardi, Sarah Bethel, Melissa Black, Sherese Black</p><p><b>Row 2: </b>Daniela Bordei, Hannah Burgess, Tonya Melton, Patricia Kelly, Tanina Media, Lenette Whitehead, Suzanne Begeny, Jasmine Beale, Martha Richard, Stephanie A. Shafer, Sarah Wilson, Staci Byrd, Jennifer Cheng</p><p><b>Row 3: </b>Rebecca Cohrs, Jeana Cox, Regina Cox, Emalee Danforth, Susan Daron, Kara Dazarow, Marites de la Fuente, Abigail Devine, Carrie Dickson, Christopher Ducher</p><p><b>Row 4: </b>Jennifer Flynn, Elizabeth Foster, Nicole Gatesy, Michelle Gaudreau, Melissa Hagan, christa Hamilton, Christina Hazergian, Crystal Herwat, Rebecca Hunnicutt, Emily Johnston</p><p><b>Row 5: </b>Valerie Jons, Rani Khan, Anne Konczak, Teresa Konopka, Joanne Pohl, Nola Pender, Carol Loveland-Cherry, Ada Sue Hinshaw, Margaret Calarco, Judith Lynch-Sauer, Jan L. Lee, Jill LaDronka, Shane LaGore, Melanie LaPierre, Stacy lamb</p><p><b>Row 6: </b>Kathleen Laughlin, Holly Leupp, Emily Lewellen, Victoria Lilga, Bethany Lusher, Nancy Ma, Lindsay Mahlstedt, K. Luba Manko, Beverley Marchant, Anne Marlatt, Martha Mason, Deborah McConnell, Robin Meganck, Jill Messina</p><p><b>Row 7: </b>Patricia Milne, Yvonne Moran, Melissa Myer, Bradley Niese, Brooke Oakley, Kristy Opasik, Amanda O'Reilly, Elisabeth Paulson, Nancy Pavelek, Johnnie Peoples, Melissa Perry, Elissa Pocze, Michelle Ponikvar, Victoria Portman, Shelley Reeves</p><p><b>Row 8: </b>Michael Rempel, Jill Richert, Jennifer N. Rish, Rebekah Royce, Kristan Schoenfeld, Shawn Schofield, Holly Setterington, Heidi Sprunk, Emily Staugaard, Rachel Stevens, Linda Suh, Tiffany Sylvertooth, Kimberly Taylor-Vincent, Arik Theeke</p><p><b>Row 9: </b>Kim Thomas, Stephanie Thompson, Patricia Tillman, Leigh Tooman-Letson, Ryan Upson, Nicole Vance, Jacquelynne Walsh, Jill Weirich, Monica White, Anthony Worley, Heide Wright, Kelly Yager, Marichal Young</p>

Alpha-lipoic acid does not acutely affect resistance and conduit artery function or oxidative stress in healthy men

Aims Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a thiol compound with antioxidant properties used in the treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy. ALA may also improve arterial function, but there have been scant human trials examining this notion. This project aimed to investigate the effects of oral and intra-arterial ALA on changes in systemic and regional haemodynamics, respectively. Methods In study 1, 16 healthy older men aged 58 +/- 7 years (mean +/- SD) received 600 mg of ALA or placebo, on two occasions 1 week apart, in a randomized cross-over design. Repeated measures of peripheral and central haemodynamics were then obtained for 90 min. Central blood pressure and indices of arterial stiffness [augmentation index (AIx) and estimated aortic pulse wave velocity] were recorded non-invasively using pulse wave analysis. Blood samples obtained pre- and post-treatments were analysed for erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activity, plasma nitrite and malondialdehyde. In study 2 the effects of incremental cumulative doses (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg ml(-1) min(-1)) of intra-arterial ALA on forearm blood flow (FBF) were assessed in eight healthy subjects (aged 31 +/- 5 years) by conventional venous occlusion plethysmography. Results There were no significant changes on any of the central or peripheral haemodynamic measures after either oral or direct arterial administration of ALA. Plasma ALA was detected after oral supplementation (95% confidence intervals 463, 761 ng ml(-1)), but did not alter cellular or plasma measures of oxidative stress. Conclusions Neither oral nor intra-arterial ALA had any effect on regional and systemic haemodynamics or measures of oxidative stress in healthy men.

Prevalence of drug-resistance mutations and non-subtype B strains among HIV-infected infants from New York State

Summary: Prevalence studies indicate that transmission of drug-resistant HIV has been rising in the adult population, but data from the perinatally infected pediatric population are limited. In this retrospective study, we sequenced the pol region of HIV from perinatally infected infants diagnosed in New York State in 2001-2002. Analyses of drug resistance, subtype diversity, and perinatal antiretroviral exposure were conducted, and the results were compared with those from a previous study of HIV-infected infants identified in 1998-1999. Eight of 42 infants (19.1%) had provirus carrying at least 1 drug-resistance mutation, an increase of 58% over the 1998-1999 results. Mutations conferring resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and protease inhibitors were detected in 7.1%, 11.9%, and 2.4% of specimens, respectively. Consistent with previous results, perinatal antiretroviral exposure was not associated with drug resistance (P = 0.70). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that 16.7% of infants were infected with a non-subtype B strain of HIV. It seems that drug-resistant and non-subtype B strains of HIV are becoming increasingly common in the perinatally infected population. Our results highlight the value of resistance testing for all HIV-infected infants upon diagnosis and the need to consider subtype diversity in diagnostic and treatment strategies.

Mice lacking the vascular endothelial growth factor-B gene (Vegfb) have smaller hearts, dysfunctional coronary vasculature, and impaired recovery from cardiac ischemia

Vascular endothelial growth factor-B (VEGF-B) is closely related to VEGF-A, an effector of blood vessel growth during development and disease and a strong candidate for angiogenic therapies. To further study the in vivo function of VEGF-B, we have generated Vegfb knockout mice (Vegfb(-/-)). Unlike Vegfa knockout mice, which die during embryogenesis, Vegfb(-/-) mice are healthy and fertile. Despite appearing overtly normal, Vegfb(-/-) hearts are reduced in size and display vascular dysfunction after coronary occlusion and impaired recovery from experimentally induced myocardial ischemia. These findings reveal a role for VEGF-B in the development or function of coronary vasculature and suggest potential clinical use in therapeutic angiogenesis. The full text of this article is available at http://www.circresaha.org.