一种Post-WIMP界面：PGIS的实现

随着计算机应用从桌面环境扩展到移动环境，计算机用户从专业化走向大 众化，传统的 WIMP界面的缺点逐渐体现出来。笔式用户界面作为 Post-WIMP 界面的一种重要形式，具有自然、和谐的交互特性，成为当前研究的热点之一。 针对这一方向，本文对笔式用户界面范式展开了研究。首先，本文阐述了一种 新的基于笔交互的界面范式 PGIS，定义了纸、小工具等交互组件，以及各种组 件的显示形态及交互形式。然后，实现了 PGIS 界面，包括交互对象的管理、 显示等内容。最后，详细介绍了 PGIS 界面的使用过程，并用一个应用实例加 以验证。为了支持上层应用程序的可移植性和可维护性，PGIS界面的使用采用 了模型驱动构架的开发思想。目前，我们基于 PGIS 界面开发了几款优秀的笔 式交互软件，如幼儿教学系统、便签本系统、篮球战术板系统等。这些系统完 全满足用户对笔交互应用程序的需求，目前可在 Linux 系统、Windows 系统等 多种系统上运行。PGIS界面范式的可行性也因此得到了很好的验证。 本文的主要内容有以下几点： 1. 阐述了一种 Post-WIMP范畴下的新的界面范式：PGIS。 本文在对Post-WIMP界面做了充分地理解和分析的基础上，阐述了一种新 的界面范式：PGIS。这是一种基于笔交互的界面范式，文中对该范式的纸笔隐 喻方式、所包含的内容、各交互组件的表现形式、以及各组件间的静态及动态 关系做出了详细的描述。 2. 实现了PGIS界面。 为了验证PGIS界面范式的可行性，并直接支持基于 PGIS范式的应用程序 开发，本文详细介绍了PGIS界面的实现细节，其中包括PGIS界面中所包含的 元素、PGIS界面中交互对象的显示、交互对象的管理、以及交互对象对基本原 语的转换和响应。 3. 介绍了 PGIS界面的使用过程。 整个使用过程采用模型驱动架构的思想，引入对以下三个子模块的调用： 与平台相关的底层核心库和 PGIS 引擎、与平台无关的场景设计工具。这三个 子模块决定了上层应用程序的可移植性和可维护性。另外，场景设计工具提供 了代码自动生成的功能，大幅度缩短了应用程序的开发周期。 4. 实现了一个基于 PGIS界面的幼儿教学系统。 为了说明 PGIS界面的使用流程，本文设计并实现了一个基于PGIS界面的 幼儿教学系统。在开发过程中，大部分工作在场景设计工具中快速完成，小部 分工具集中在数据管理库、场景任务库的开发上。该系统的评估结果很好地验 证了 PGIS界面范式的可行性。

Enhancement of stability of polymer light-emitting diodes by post annealing

We investigate the effect of thermal annealing before and after cathode deposition on the stability of polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) based on green fluorescent polyfluorene derivative. The annealed PLEDs exhibit improved charge transport and red-shift emission compared to the as-fabricated device. The stability of the PLEDs is largely enhanced by post-annealing before and after Ca deposition, which is attributed to the enhanced charge transport and the intimate contact between the cathode and the emissive layer.

Preparation and characterization of post-derivatives from functional polystyrene (ATRP) with p-nitroaniline-azomethine phenol and their thermal and optical study

The functional polystyrene, (Cl-PS)(2)-CHCOOCH2CH2OH ( designated as XPSt and coded P2) was prepared by ATRP at 130(0)C using CuCl and bipyridine as catalysts, 2,2-dichloro acetate-ethylene glycol (DCAG) as multifunctional initiator and THF as solvent. 4-Nitoroaniline azomethine-4' phenol (P1) as chromophores were covalently linked to the functional end groups of the polymer by using simple displacement reaction. The functional polystyrenes, namely XPSt (P2) and (PS)(2)-CHCOOCH2CH2OH, designated as X-PSt and coded P3 and their post-derivatives, namely, DXPSt (P4) and DX-PSt (P5) respectively were characterized by IR, NMR and UV spectroscopies, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarising optical microscopy (POM) and XRD studies. DSC showed that incorporation of chromophores in the side chains of polymers towards the polystyrene moiety increases the rigidity of the polymer and subsequently, its glass transition temperature; however the incorporation of side chain towards the alcoholic functional group decreases the glass transition temperature. The post derivatives do not play any significant role to increase the thermal stability ( TGA).

Polymerized unsymmetrical iron post-metallocene catalyst for ethylene polymerization

The unsymmetrical allyl containing post-metallocene complex [ArN = C( Me)] [(ArN)-N-' = C(Me)]C5H3NFeCl2 [Ar = 2,6(i- Pr)(2)C6H3, Ar' = 4-allyl-2,6-(i-Pr)(2)C6H3] (3) has been prepared and characterized. Complex (3) can be co-polymerized with styrene in the presence of radical initiator to produce polymerized post-metallocene catalyst which exhibits high activity for ethylene polymerization (2.5 x 10(6) g PE/mol Fe.h).

Allyl containing iron post-metallocene catalyst for ethylene polymerization

Tridentate ligand[(2,6-ArN=C(Me))(2)C5H3N](Ar=4-allyl-2,6-(i-Pr)(2)C6H3)(4)which contains allyl groups on each aryl ring was ready prepared and reacted with FeCl2. 4H(2)O to give the precatalyst [(2,6-ArN=C(CH3))(2)C5H3N]. FeCl2 (5). Compounds 2-5 were characterized by H-1 NMR, EI-MS,and IR. The complex 5 which was actived by methylaluminoxane(MAO) exhibits high activity for ethylene polymerization [1.9 x 10(6) g pE.(mol Fe . h)(-1) at 0 degreesC]. It was showed that the activity was decreased with increasing temperature and the polymer product was highly linear PE with (M) over bar (eta) varying from 50000 to 260000.

Exploration of post radiation effects on polyamide-1010

Irradiated polyamide-1010 (PA1010) with and without heat treatment after gamma-ray irradiation was compared by wide angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and the determination of gel fractions. The results indicate that post radiation effects due to post radiation crosslinking and scissions affect physical properties. Post radiation effects restrain the formation and perfection of the planes (010), and make the crystals imperfect. Post radiation effects change the crystalline structures of polyamide-1010.

The Shandong mud wedge and post-glacial sediment accumulation in the Yellow Sea

Two well-defined deltaic sequences in the Bohai Sea and in the South Yellow Sea represent post-glacial accumulation of Yellow River-derived sediments. Another prominent depocenter on this epicontinental shelf, a pronounced clinoform in the North Yellow Sea, wraps around the northeastern and southeastern end of the Shandong Peninsula, extending into the South Yellow Sea. This Shandong mud wedge is 20 to 40 m thick and contains an estimated 300 km(3) of sediment. Radiocarbon dating, shallow seismic profiles, and regional sea-level history suggest that the mud wedge formed when the rate of post-glacial sea-level rise slackened and the summer monsoon intensified, at about 11 ka. Geomorphic configuration and mineralogical data indicate that present-day sediment deposited on the Shandong mud wedge comes not only from the Yellow River but also from coastal erosion and local rivers. Basin-wide circulation in the North Yellow Sea may transport and redistribute fine sediments into and out of the mud wedge.

The change of characteristics of tidal wave in the Changjiang River mouth area since the post-glacial transgression maximum

During the period of the post-glacial transgression maximum (PGTM), there was a huge trumpet estuary in the modern Changjiang River Delta area. The location and the shape of the Paleo-Changjiang River Estuary (PCRE) were much different from those of the present Changjiang River Estuary. The study on the change of characteristics of tidal wave in the Changjiang River mouth area since the PGTM can help to understand better the dynamic development of the Changjiang River Delta. The course curves of tidal level and tidal current velocity during a single tidal cycle for 35 points are calculated, and characteristics of tidal waves in the PCRE and its adjacent area are compared with those of tidal waves in the modern Changjiang River mouth area. The results show that the tidal waves within the PCRE and in its adjacent area during the period of the PGTM belonged to standing wave or a mixture of standing wave and progressive wave. Since then, the tidal wave in the Changjiang River mouth become gradually to be progressive wave with the PCRE being filled and the Changjiang River mouth shifting southeastwards.

大西洋庸鲽Hippoglossus hippoglossus和大西洋鲑Salmo salar配子质量研究

种质问题是养殖健康发展的基础。在鱼类养殖中，卵子和精子的质量直接关系到受精、胚胎发育，仔稚鱼发育以及幼鱼生长等一系列过程。本论文针对大西洋庸鲽和大西洋鲑的配子质量进行研究。研究内容涉及大西洋庸鲽精子冷冻保存方法；促性腺激素释放激素类似物（GnRHa）使用对其精子冷冻保存效果、以及脂肪酸组成的影响；野生和驯养大西洋鲑卵子在脂肪酸、类胡萝卜素、矿物盐方面的差异比较。 精子冷冻保存通过提高对精子的利用效率，进而对于种质改良，推进鱼类养殖科研和生产具有重要意义。本实验建立了大西洋庸鲽精子大容量冷冻保存方法。八种抗冻剂冷冻保存实验结果表明：10% 及15% DMSO配以 HBSS 或KS 的抗冻剂组合冷冻保存效果最佳，4 mL体积冷冻保存可获得与1.6 mL同样的保存效果。 在繁殖季节后期注射GnRHa激素缓释剂，可获得质量稳定的大西洋庸鲽精液，将激素注射方法与精子冷冻保存方法相结合对于提高雄鱼利用率，扩大生产规模具有重要实用价值。本项研究分三个时间采集注射GnRHa激素后的雄鱼精子以及同期未注射激素的雄鱼精子，对所有精子样品使用同样的方法进行冷冻保存，检测冷冻保存后解冻精子的受精率与活力。结果表明，激素注射与否对于冷冻保存后精子的受精率和活力无显著影响，两类冷冻精液均达到鲜精水平。实验结果还表明，注射激素14天后的精子的密度显著的降低。说明GnRHa激素的使用可以显著降低精子密度，但不会影响精子的冷冻保存效果。 本相研究同时对注射GnRHa 缓释激素和未注射GnRHa 缓释激素的大西洋庸鲽精液脂肪酸成分进行分析，以检测该激素使用对精子生化组分的影响。结果表明激素的使用对在DHA (22:6n-3,二十二碳六烯酸)、EPA(20:5n-3,二十碳五烯酸)、AA(20:4n-6，花生四烯酸)等重要脂肪酸，不饱和脂肪酸、饱和脂肪酸以及n-3、n-6等重要种类的脂肪酸总量及其比例没有显著影响。精液脂肪酸中DHA含量最高，约占25%；PUFA约为44%。 作为世界性的重要养殖品种，野生和驯养大西洋鲑在形态、生化组成以及遗传 等方面表现出的差异被广泛关注。本论文，对野生和驯养大西洋鲑受精卵关键生化成分进行分析，通过与野生受精卵比较阐明驯养受精卵的质量状况，为亲鱼营养需求提供指导依据。本实验中野生配子和驯养配子的受精率没有显著差异，但重要脂肪酸组成、类胡萝卜素以及矿物盐含量都存在多方面显著差异。两类受精卵脂肪酸中含量最高的依次为18:1n-9（油酸）、DHA（二十二碳六烯酸）、16:0（棕榈酸）、EPA（二十碳五烯酸）。野生受精卵的单不饱和脂肪酸总量显著高于驯养受精卵，而多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）比例显著低于驯养的受精卵。在主要必需不饱和脂肪酸（EFA）中，DHA和EPA在野生受精卵中的比例高于驯养受精卵，AA（花生四烯酸）低于驯养受精卵。野生受精卵虾青素（Ax）的含量低于驯养受精卵而鸡油菌素（Cx）含量高于驯养受精卵。野生受精卵中多种矿物盐的含量（铝、铜、铁、硒和锌）含量显著高于驯养的受精卵。差别最大的为铜。诸多方面的差异表明，野生亲鱼与驯养亲鱼产出的卵子确实存在显著差异，因此关注亲鱼的营养极为重要。

Spatial distribution of ciliates, copepod nauplii and eggs, Engraulis japonicus post-larvae and microzooplankton herbivorous activity in the Yellow Sea, China

The abundance of anchovy Engraulis japonicus larvae, >20 mum ciliates, copepod eggs and nauplii, and microzooplankton herbivorous activity were studied in the Yellow Sea in June 2000. Anchovy juveniles and larvae were found in only 6 of the 19 stations sampled. The ciliate communities were dominated by 2 species: Laboea strobila and Strombidium compressum. In the surface waters, the abundance of L. strobila ranged between 0 and 560 ind. l(-1). S. compressum only appeared at Stns 15 to 18 (20 to 3300 ind. l(-1)). L. strobila was found mainly in the top 20 m. The abundance of L. strobila was less than 50 ind, l(-1) in waters deeper than 25 m. S, compressum showed subsurface abundance peaks at the salinity abnormality. Tintinnids occurred occasionally with abundance lower than 100 ind. l(-1), The total ciliate abundance fell in the range of 40 to 3420 ind. l(-1). The ciliate biomass in the surface water and the water column ranged between 0,15 and 6.76 mug C l(-1) and 0.4 and 134.4 mg C m(-2), respectively, In the surface waters, the abundance of copepod eggs and nauplii ranged from 0,3 to 3.1 and 1,1 to 15.6 ind, l(-1), respectively. The average abundance of copepod eggs and nauplii in 4 depth (0, 5, 10 and 20 m) fell in the range of 0.2 to 2.8 and 1.0 to 29.4 ind. l(-1), respectively. As a food item of the E. japonicus post-larvae, the abundance of copepod nauplii and eggs appeared to be low. The abundance peaks of ciliate and E, japonicus post-larvae coincided. Although not found in the gut of E, japonicus post-larvae, aloricate ciliates might be ingested by first-feeding anchovy larvae, preventing initial starvation and prolonging the time to irreversible starvation. On the basis of dilution experiments with positive microzooplankton grazing rates, microzooplankton grazed at rates of 0 to 0.61 d(-1). Grazing pressure of microzooplankton on chlorophyll a standing stock (P-i) and potential chlorophyll a primary production (P-p) were 17 to 46% and 35 to 109% d(-1), respectively.

Post-grafting preparation of large-pore mesoporous materials with localized high content titanium doping

A new post-grafting process, consisting of two steps of substrate preparation and sol - gel post-grafting, has been developed to prepare titanium-doped mesoporous SBA-15 material with a double-layered structure and locally concentrated titanium content at the inner pore surface. With this novel technique, the single phased and originally ordered mesostructures can be well conserved; in the conventional direct synthesis they can be partially damaged when the frameworks are doped with high content heteroatoms. Titanium species exist in an isolated, tetrahedral structure and are localized at the pore surface; this is beneficial to both reactant access and product release. Characterization with XRD, N-2 adsorption/desorption isotherms, HREM/ EDS, ICP, UV - Vis, and the newly developed UV - Raman spectroscopy confirm these results. Preliminary catalytic tests with the selective epoxidation of cyclohexene show good catalytic activity. Among them, sample TiSBA-15-10 with a Si : Ti molar ratio of 10 shows a TON value of 75 and a highest product ( epoxide) yield of 55%.

Human Rights in post-devolution Wales:For Wales, See Wales?

Sherlock, A., 'Human Rights in post-devolution Wales:For Wales, See Wales?', Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly, 2006, VOL 57; NUMB 1, pages 138-155 RAE2008

Turnout, Participation and Legitimacy in Post-Devolution Wales

Scully, Roger, Jones, Richard Wyn, and Trystan, Dafydd, 'Turnout, Participation and Legitimacy in Post-Devolution Wales', British Journal of Political Science (2004) 34(3) pp.519-537 RAE2008

Culture and Security: Symbolic Power and the Politics of International Security : The Reconstruction of Security in the Post-Cold War Era

Williams, Mike, Culture and Security: Symbolic Power and the Politics of International Security (Oxon: Routledge, 2007), pp.xii+172 RAE2008