Identificação de Enterobacter spp. através de técnicas convencionais e do sistema semi-automatizado Microscan (Autoscan-4)

A hundred and ninety-five (195) strains of Enterobacter spp., isolated from diverse clinical specimens - urine, feces, cateter, blood, wound, tracheal aspirate, vaginal fluid - were submitted to the conventional identification by biochemical tests, and were also submitted to the identification by panels NegCombo 20 of the system automated MicroScan - AutoScan- 4 (Dade Behring Inc., West Sacramento, CA, USA). The samples were from patients of the Clinical Laboratory from the School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry of UNOESTE, Presidente Prudente, SP, and from patients hospitalized at the University Hospital Domingos Leonardo Cerávolo, UNOESTE. Of the total of strains tested, 191 (97.9%) presented agreement between the two approaches utilized and 4 strains (2.1%) presented identification disagreement, that is, the genus identified was different in each approach. By this study, the conclusion is that both the approaches utilized for the identification presented advantages and disadvantages related to the cost, facility of execution, quickness, reliability and some other characteristics. Even so, our results showed that conventional methods represent a reliable tool for Enterobacter identification.

Multiplex PCR use for Staphylococcus aureus identification and oxacillin and mupirocin resistance evaluation

Oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus represents a serious problem in hospitals worldwide, increasing infected patients' mortality and morbidity and raising treatment costs and internment time. In this study, the results of using the Multiplex PCR technique to amplify fragments of the genes femA (specific-species), mecA (oxacillin resistance) and ileS-2 (mupirocin resistance) were compared with those of tests conventionally used to identify S. aureus isolates and ascertain their resistance to drugs. Fifty S. aureus strains were isolated from patients receiving treatment at UNOESTE University Hospital in Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil. The 686 bp fragment corresponding to the gene femA was amplified and detected in all the isolates. On the other hand, the 310 bp fragment corresponding to the mecA gene was amplified in 29 (58%) of the isolates. All of the isolates showed sensitivity to mupirocin in the agar diffusion test, which was corroborated by the lack of any amplicon of the 456 bp fragment corresponding to the ileS-2 gene, in the PCR bands. The conventional tests to identify S. aureus and detect resistance to oxacillin and mupirocin showed 100% agreement with the PCR Multiplex results. The use of techniques for rapid and accurate identification of bacteria and assessment of their resistance may be valuable in the control of infection by resistant strains, allowing the rapid isolation and treatment of an infected patient. However, the results demonstrate that traditional phenotypic tests are also reliable, though they take more time.

Environmental protection measures, their evaluation (cost-benefit analysis) and their incorporation in development planning

Includes bibliography

El desarrollo sustentable: transformación productiva, equidad y medio ambiente

Incluye Bibliografía

Proposição de rotina morfológica para detecção de malha viária em imagens orbitais

The outdating of cartographic products affects planning. It is important to propose methods to help detect changes in surface. Thus, the combined use of remote sensing image and techniques of digital image processing has contributed significantly to minimize such outdating. Mathematical morphology is an image processing technique which describes quantitatively geometric structures presented in the image and provides tools such as edge detectors and morphological filters. Previous studies have shown that the technique has potential on the detection of significant features. Thus, this paper proposes a routine of morphological operators to detect a road network. The test area corresponds to an excerpt Quickbird image and has as a feature of interest an avenue of the city of Presidente Prudente, SP. In the processing, the main morphological operators used were threshad, areaopen, binary and erosion. To estimate the accuracy with which the linear features were detected, it was done the analysis of linear correlation between vectors of the features detected and the corresponding topographical map of the region. The results showed that the mathematical morphology can be used in cartography, aiming to use them in conventional cartographic updating processes.

Análisis económico de externalidades ambientales. Guía para decisores

Incluye Bibliografía

La industria maquiladora electrónica en la frontera norte de México y el medio ambiente

Incluye Bibliografía

Coordinación de las políticas fiscales y ambientales en la República Dominicana

Incluye Bibliografía

El financiamiento del desarrollo sostenible en el Ecuador

Incluye Bibliografía

Oportunidades para a coordenação de políticas agrícolas e ambientais no Brasil

Incluye Bibliografía

Políticas e instituciones para el desarrollo sostenible en América Latina y el Caribe

Incluye Bibliografía

Marcos regulatorios e institucionales ambientales de América Latina y el Caribe en el contexto del proceso de reformas macroeconómicas: 1980-1990

Incluye Bibliografía

Coherencia de las políticas públicas y su traducción en esquemas regulatorios consistentes: caso del diesel oil en Chile

Incluye Bibliografía

Ciencia y tecnología para el desarrollo sostenible: una perspectiva latinoamericana y caribeña

Este documento, compilado por Gilberto C. Gallopín, Asesor Regional en Política Ambiental para América Latina y el Caribe, contiene los resultados de las reflexiones del Taller Regional Latinoamericano y Caribeño sobre Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo Sostenible. Su objetivo fue discutir los desafíos prácticos, teóricos y organizativos que la búsqueda del desarrollo sostenible plantea a la Ciencia y la Tecnología. El aumento de la complejidad y conectividad característico de nuestra era hace que los componentes de los problemas sean mucho menos separables que antes y fuerza la necesidad de enfocar los problemas del desarrollo y el medio ambiente no sólo como problemas complejos en sí mismos, sino además como inseparables y mutuamente determinados. Por lo tanto, esto plantea desafíos inéditos a la Ciencia y Tecnología (CyT), particularmente a los enfoques analíticos compartimentalizados en disciplinas, que representan la masa principal de las actividades y prioridades de los sistemas CyT actuales, tanto en el norte como en el sur. El taller buscó explicitar una visión desde América Latina y el Caribe a la búsqueda de formas más efectivas de generación y aplicación de la CyT a los problemas y oportunidades de la región.

Components of an effective environmental policy

Includes bibliography