Tethyan margins in space and time

Rifting processes, leading to sea-floor spreading, are characterized by a sequence of events: transtensive phase of extension with syn-rift volcanism; simple shear extension accompanied by lithospheric thinning and asthenospheric up-welling and thermal uplift of the rift shoulder and asymmetric volcanism. The simple shear model of extension leads to an asymmetric model of passive margin: a lower plate tilted block margin and an upper plate flexural, ramp-like margin- Both will be affected by thermal contraction and subsidence, starting soon after sea-floor spreading. Based on these actualistic models Tethyan margins are classified as one type or the other. Their evolution from the first transtensional phase of extension to the passive margin stage are analyzed. Four main rifting events are recognized in the Tethyan realm: an episode of lower Paleozoic events leading to the formation of the Paleotethys; a Late Paleozoic event leading to the opening of the Permotethys and East Mediterranean basin: an early Mesozoic event leading to the opening of the Pindos Neotethys and a Jurassic event related to the opening of the Alpine/Atlantic Neotethys. Type margins are given as example of each rifting event: -Northern Iran (Alborz) as a type area for the Late Ordovician to Silurian rifting of Paleotethys. -Northern India and Oman for the Late Carboniferous to early Permian rifting of Permotethys. -The East Mediterranean (Levant, Tunisia) as a Late Carboniferous rifting event. -The Neotethyan rifting phases are separated in two types: an eastern Pindos system found in Turkey and Greece is genetically linked to the Permotethys with a sea-floor spreading delayed until middle Triassic: a western Alpine system directly linked to the opening of the central Atlantic is characterized by a Late Triassic transtensive phase, an early to Middle Liassic break-away phase and. following sea-floor spreading, a thermal subsidence phase starting in Dogger. Problems related to the closure of the Paleozoic oceanic domains are reviewed. A Late Permian, early Triassic phase of `'docking'' between an European accretionary prism (Chios) and a Paleotethyan margin is supported by recent findings in the Mediterranean area. Back-arc rifting within the European active margin led to the formation of marginal seas during Permian and Triassic times and will contribute to the closure of the Paleozoic oceans.

Schizodeme analysis of Trypanosoma cruzi Colombian strain clones isolated from the acute phase of murine infection

Colombian strain of Trypanosoma cruzi, biodeme Type III (T. cruzi I), has been cloned by micromanipulation at two phases of the acute infection: early (10 days ) and advanced (30 days). Twelve clones were obtained therefrom. Characterization by their biological and biochemical behavior showed an identity among the several clones and their parental strain, albeit with different degrees of virulence. Molecular characterization of the kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) after amplification by polymerase chain reaction revealed identical profiles of the bands from the kDNA minicircle by the analysis of restriction fragment lenght polymorphism for the isolated clones, their parental strain, and to the clones isolated at two different phases of the infection. Results suggest the predominance of a "principal clone", in the composition of the Colombian strain, responsible for the biological and biochemical behavior. However, no relationship was detected between the molecular profile of kDNA and the degree of virulence presented by the several clones.

Clinical forms of Trypanosoma cruzi infected individuals in the chronic phase of Chagas disease in Puebla, Mexico

In Mexico, despite the relatively high seroprevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in humans in some areas, reported morbidity of Chagas disease is not clear. We determined clinical stage in 71 individuals seropositive to T. cruzi in the state of Puebla, Mexico, an area endemic for Chagas disease with a reported seroprevalence of 7.7%. Diagnosis of Chagas disease was made by two standardized serological tests (ELISA, IHA). Individuals were stratified according to clinical studies. All patients were submitted to EKG, barium swallow, and barium enema. Groups were identified as indeterminate form (IF) asymptomatic individuals without evidence of abnormalities (n = 34 cases); those with gastrointestinal alterations (12 patients) including symptoms of abnormal relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter and absent peristalsis in the esophageal body, grade I megaesophagus, and/or megacolon; patients with clinical manifestations and documented changes of chronic Chagas heart disease who were subdivided as follows: mild (8 patients) - mild electrocardiographic changes of ventricular repolarization, sinus bradychardia); moderate (6 patients) - left bundle branch block, right bundle branch block associated with left anterior fascicular block); severe (8 patients) - signs of cardiomegaly, dilated cardiomyopathy); and the associated form (3 cases) that included presence of both cardiomyopathy and megaesophagus. These data highlight the importance of accurate evaluation of the prevalence and clinical course of Chagas disease in endemic and non-endemic areas of Mexico.

Project Initiation Document Phase One: Scoping Exercise within special schools

This Project Initiation Document outlines the purpose and plan of Phase One of the Review of AHP Support for Children with Statements of Special Educational Needs in Special Schools and Mainstream Education.

Phase 2 Parent/Carer Questionnaire: Review of Allied Health Professions��' (AHP) support for children/young people with a statement of special educational needs

We want to know what you think about the AHP services for your child. We will also seek views of AHPs and teachers who work with your children and we will use them all to inform our decisions. This phase of the review is focusing on current AHP services for children/young people with a statement of special educational needs enrolled in mainstream schools and learning support centres/units attached to a mainstream school.

Eat well plate

This poster shows graphically how much of each of the following food groups we should eat for a healthy, balanced diet: fruit and vegetables; bread, rice, potatoes, pasta and other starchy foods; milk and dairy foods; meat, fish, eggs, beans and other non-dairy sources of protein; and foods and drinks high in fat and/or sugar.��

Review of AHP Support for Children with Statements of Special Educational Needs in Special Schools and Mainstream Education: Phase 2 Engagement Plan

This engagement plan outlines the collaborative and partnership approach with key stakeholders in the second phase of the Review of AHP Support for Children with Statements of Special Educational Needs in Special Schools and Mainstream Education. It provides detail on how communication objectives will be met. It gives information on: Stakeholder Analysis for Phase Two of the Review Membership of the Project Board Membership of the Professional Stakeholder Reference Group

Project Initiation Document Phase Two: Scoping Exercise within mainstream schools

This Project Initiation Document outlines the purpose and plan of Phase Two of the Review of AHP Support for Children with Statements of Special Educational Needs in Special Schools and Mainstream Education.

Phase 1 Delivering care "A framework for nursing and Midwifery Workforce planning to support person centred care in Northern Ireland"

Delivering Care - Nurse staffing in Northern Ireland is the outcome of a commission undertaken by the PHA Director of Nursing from the DHSSPS Chief Nursing Officer and approved by the Minister of Health in 2014.� The aim of the Delivering Care project is to support the provision of quality care which is safe and effective in hospital and community settings.

Summary Interim Report on Findings and Interim Themes from Phase 1 of the review of Allied Health Professions (AHP) support for children/young people with a statement of special educational needs (SEN)

Summary Interim Report on Findings and Interim Themes from Phase 1 of the review of Allied Health Professions (AHP) support for children/young people with a statement of special educational needs (SEN)This interim report is outlining the service principles agreed by the Project Board and the themes identified throughout engagement and information gathering.

Pathway analysis of glioblastoma tissue after preoperative treatment with the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib--a phase II trial.

Amplification of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene is one of the most common oncogenic alterations in glioblastoma (45%) making it a prime target for therapy. However, small molecule inhibitors of the EGFR tyrosine kinase showed disappointing efficacy in clinical trials for glioblastoma. Here we aimed at investigating the molecular effects of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib on the EGFR signaling pathway in human glioblastoma. Twenty-two patients selected for reoperation of recurrent glioblastoma were treated within a phase II trial for 5 days with 500 mg gefitinib before surgery followed by postoperative gefitinib until recurrence. Resected glioblastoma tissues exhibited high concentrations of gefitinib (median, 4.1 μg/g), 20 times higher than respective plasma. EGFR-pathway activity was evaluated with phosphorylation-specific assays. The EGFR was efficiently dephosphorylated in treated patients as compared to a control cohort of 12 patients. However, no significant effect on 12 pathway constituents was detected. In contrast, in vitro treatment of a glioblastoma cell line, BS-153, with endogenous EGFRwt amplification and EGFRvIII expression resulted not only in dephosphorylation of the EGFR, but also of key regulators in the pathway such as AKT. Treating established xenografts of the same cell line as an in vivo model showed dephosphorylation of the EGFR without affecting downstream signal transductors, similar to the human glioblastoma. Taken together, gefitinib reaches high concentrations in the tumor tissue and efficiently dephosphorylates its target. However, regulation of downstream signal transducers in the EGFR pathway seems to be dominated by regulatory circuits independent of EGFR phosphorylation.

Evaluation der Nationalen Krebsbekämpfungsprogramme, Phase I, 1999. Studie 3: Konzeptualisierung und Stand der Umsetzung der vier Krebsbekämpfungsprogramme

[Table des matières] 1. Zusammenfassung und Empfehlungen. 2. Einleitung. 2.1. Hintergrund der Nationalen Krebsbekämpfungsprogramme. 2.2. Grundlagen der Konzeptualisierung der vier Programme. 3. Nationales Programm zur Bekämpfung des Brustkrebses, des Hautkrebses, des Lungkrebses, des Darmkrebses : Beschreibung und beurteilung der Konzeptualisierung des Programms und Schlussfolgerungen und Empfehlungen. 4. Programmübergreifende Aspekte. 5. Chronologische Ubersicht der vier nationalen Krebsbekämpfungsprogramme. 6. Liste des Interviews, welche im Rahmen der Studie 3 der Evaluation der Nationalen Krebsbekämpfungs-Programme durchgeführt wurden. 7. Geplante Realisierung von Zielen in den Bereichen : Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention, Sekundärprävention, Therapie und Nachsorge durch das Programm Brustkrebs. 8. Evaluationsstudien. 9. Raster Umsetzung der Programmbausteine.