The Bureaucratic Impact of the mobilization for Land. Lessons from the Liberal Republic

The State-building process must be understood through the study of the agencies in charge of each of its regulatory functions. One such function is the regulation of property rights. During the Liberal Republic, as a reaction to the massive mobilization,new tools to better regulate property rights were promoted: colonization, parceling, the award of public lands and, at the end, a new legal framework. In spite of its purposes, they faced and failed to solve the challenges every organization experiences when growing: resource scarcity, controlling its agents, and keeping technical simplicity.

Visual processing of concentric sine-wave gratings in adolescents and adults

The aim of this study was to compare the contrast visual processing of concentric sinusoidal gratings stimuli between adolescents and adults. The study included 20 volunteers divided into two groups: 10 adolescents aged 13-19 years (M=16.5, SD=1.65) and 10 adults aged 20-26 years (M=21.8, SD=2.04). In order to measure the contrast sensitivity at spatial frequencies of 0.6, 2.5, 5 and 20 degrees of visual angle (cpd), it was used the psychophysical method of two alternative forced choice (2AFC). A One Way ANOVA performance showed a significant difference in the comparison between groups: F [(4, 237)=3.74, p<.05]. The post-hoc Tukey HSD showed a significant difference between the frequencies of 0.6 (p <.05) and 20 cpd (p<.05). Thus, the results showed that the visual perception behaves differently with regard to the sensory mechanisms that render the contrast towards adolescents and adults. These results are useful to better characterize and comprehend human vision development.

Efecto de una intervención sobre la carga física durante el proceso de coquización en una empresa de Colombia

Se realizó estudio cuasi experimental con el fin de comparar el efecto sobre la carga física de una intervención tecnológica y en la organización del trabajo en trabajadores en el cargo de horneros en la tarea de extracción de coque en Colombia. Se midió la carga física mediante frecuencia cardiaca e índice de costo cardiaco relativo en una población de trabajadores expuestos (37) y no expuestos (66) a una intervención tecnológica. La monitorización de la frecuencia cardiaca se realizó con 7 pulsímetros Polar RS 800cx debidamente calibrados. Las variables numéricas se describieron con base en la media aritmética, su desviación estándar, y el rango. Para evaluar la diferencia entre las medias de los grupos con respecto a la frecuencia cardiaca en reposo, media, máxima, índice de costo cardiaco relativo, gasto energético de trabajo se aplicó análisis de varianza de una vía. Se estableció a priori un nivel de significación estadística α = 0,05. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el comportamiento de la frecuencia cardiaca media, frecuencia cardiaca máxima e índice de costo cardiaco relativo, entre los grupos de estudio. Se concluyó que este estudio valida la frecuencia cardiaca como una variable sensible para la medición del riesgo por carga física y a su utilidad en la evaluación intervenciones ergonómica. El estudio demostró que la intervención ergonómica logró controlar la carga física con una disminución significativa la frecuencia cardiaca, en el grupo de intervención.

Percepción logística empresarial de los sectores productivos agrícola y textil en Colombia

Desde el año 2007 se ha venido presentando un crecimiento progresivo en Colombia, donde la participación del comercio exterior en el PIB (Producto Interno Bruto) ha aumentado, según cifras del Departamento Nacional de Planeación (DNP). En contraste a esto, Colombia últimamente se ha caracterizado por presentar falencias en su desempeño logístico, las cuales se ven reflejadas en el LPI (Logistics Performance Index), una herramienta desarrollada por el Banco Mundial que mide el desempeño de la cadena de suministro de un país. El Gobierno y sus ministerios han velado por mejorar la competitividad del país, y advierten una serie de tratados y acuerdos internacionales que facilitarán el intercambio de productos junto con el fortalecimiento de la industria; a lo cual, las empresas colombianas deberán encaminar sus esfuerzos y al interior de la organización deberán tomar partida en cuanto a la capacitación del personal en temas logísticos, la administración de los costos y la eficiencia en los procesos. Así pues, mediante la realización de un estudio de la percepción que tienen los empresarios actuales en materia de logística, donde se evalúan distintas variables relacionadas con la administración de la cadena de suministro; se podrá entender holísticamente la problemática del sector, específicamente de los sectores agrícola y textil: dos sectores influyentes en el PIB nacional, generadores de empleo y con una gran cantidad de empresas asociadas. Igualmente, proponer medidas de mejora cercanas a la realidad, que contribuyan con el buen desempeño de las empresas en todo el curso de su cadena de suministro, con actividades involucradas como la planeación, las compras, el abastecimiento, las operaciones, la producción, el almacenamiento, los despachos y la distribución. Finalmente, se logrará tener un acercamiento al perfil logístico que deberán tener estas empresas en el marco de la competitividad, contando con herramientas que de una u otra manera permitan a los empresarios la toma de decisiones acertadas en pro de la organización y sus partes interesadas.

El procés de gramaticalització en l'adquisició del llenguatge: la categoria formal de verb

Des de diverses perspectives, alguns autors han remarcat la importància del verb en l'adquisició del llenguatge (Bloom, 1991; Pinker, 1989; Tomasello, 1992). Donat que la seva estructura semàntica proporciona un marc conceptual per incloure-hi estructures lingüistiques més àmplies, esdevé un element clau en el pas a una fase de parla organitzada gramaticalment. Es per aquest motiu que l'adquisició de la categoria formal de verb és essencial per poder entendre com els nens arriben a ser gramaticalment competents. En aquest estudi pretenem explorar com s'adquireix la classe formal de verb tenint en compte les diferents propostes que intenten explicar el procés de gramaticalització i, en concret, l'adquisició de les categories de mot. En les dades sobre l'adquisició inicial dels verbs, es troba que a partir dels tres anys hi ha un ús consistent del elements verbals, però abans d'aquesta edat alguns autors han descrit un ús dels marcadors morfològics limitat a alguns verbs (Bloom, 90) i també que la utilització de l'estructura argumental inicial sembla anar lligada a verbs individuals (Tomasello, 92, Olguin i Tomasello, 93). Aquestes dades apunten que en un principi els verbs serien utilitzats de forma lexicalitzada, de manera que s'adquiririen individualment.

Interaccions moleculars: correcció de l'error de superposició de base i propietat de les funcions flotants

A primary interest of this thesis is to obtain a powerful tool for determining structural properties, electrical and reactivity of molecules. A second interest is the study of fundamental error based on complex overlay of bridge hydrogen. One way to correct this error, using Counterpoise correction proposed by Boys and Bernardi. Usually the Counterpoise correction is applied promptly on the geometries previously optimized. Our goal was to find areas of potential which had all the points fixed with CP. These surfaces have a minimum corresponding to a surface other than corrected, ie, the geometric parameters will be different. The curvature of this minimum will also be different, therefore the vibrational frequency will also change when they are corrected with BSSE. Once constructed these surfaces have been studied various complex. It has also been investigated as the method for calculating the error influenced on the basis superposition.

The Creation Process of a Local Museum

The present text holds as its main goal the advance of a number of reflections around the potentialities and problems of local museums taken as development instruments. Secondarily, it also intends to provide support to all those who, in one way or another, have faced the issue of creating a local museum. This support is intended not as a manual of the “the museum made easy” kind, but, instead, as the pointing to some pertinent issues and unavoidable options that, if not taken into account, will come to challenge the form and substance of the future organisation.

The “Fashionable Knowledge” of Management Consulting

In the evolution of strategic disciplines much of the knowledge produced has been widely diffused by the management consulting industry. But can this sector be regarded as knowledge intensive activity based on true structure of expertise knowledge? One way to understand if we can consider that sector as a source of knowledge dissemination is realizing its relationship with the market in terms of knowledge, rather than identify only as a set of static techniques to be applied as in most of times they have been doing. This article presents itself as a reflection about the real reasons for the increasing use ofmanagement consulting services, indicating simultaneously that can really be a true field of opportunities for the academic class if the study will focused in the establishment and institutionalization of micropractices (strategy-as-practice) that there are used and its implications in terms of organizational results.

La imaginación en un burdel, un sueño latinoamericano hecho ficción: los prostíbulos novelescos (Estudios)

En el año 2009, el escritor Jorge Volpi publicó el ensayo El insomnio de Bolívar en el que argumenta a favor de abandonar, por irreal y quimérica, la idea de “literatura latinoamericana”. Mediante la lectura de cuatro novelas –Juntacadáveres (1964), El lugar sin límites (1965), La casa verde (1966) y Pantaleón y las visitadoras (1973)– buscaré develar lo erróneo y tendencioso de tal postura. Así, fundamentaré mi argumento en el análisis minucioso de los prostíbulos novelescos que albergan las cuatro ficciones, desde sus apariciones hasta sus aniquilamientos. Apariciones que lejos de ser insignificantes muestran desde un inicio una complejidad extrema por la serie de tensiones que articulan entre los personajes y las sociedades representadas. Dicha complejidad se enriquece y densifica una vez que pensamos en el tipo de actividades que tienen lugar en los lupanares, actividades en las cuales la fiesta y el carnaval pautan toda una serie de metamorfosis, completamente ajenas a la realidad exterior. Finalmente, me centraré en la dinámica de los proxenetas o fundadores de los burdeles, individuos singulares que manifiestan una voluntad inaudita en la cual la imaginación busca negar y suplantar la realidad. No obstante, sus actividades, que en ocasiones hacen pensar en ejercicios utópicos, terminan sucumbiendo a la censura social que, de un modo o de otro, destruye a los prostíbulos sin que esto signifique terminar con los cambios introducidos por estos en las sociedades que los acogen. Ya que muy pocos otros espacios ficcionales son tan frecuentes y ricos en valores dentro de la literatura latinoamericana demostraré en la conclusión de qué manera este tipo de textos (y espacios novelescos) permiten hablar a justo título de “literatura latinoamericana”.

Delivering sustainability therapy in Sustainable Development projects

This paper explores the apparent contradiction between the 'linearity' of most Sustainable Development projects, with time-bound and defined outputs achieved at a fixed cost, and an implied 'circularity' of the theory whereby there is no 'end'. Projects usually have clear parameters within which they are implemented, and the inclusion of elements such as the need for accountability, measurable impact and,value for money' have grown in importance. It could be argued that we live in a 'projectified' and therefore linear world. The paper explores the potential contradiction between 'linearity' and 'circularity', and suggests that one way around this is to frame the project within a form of the Kolb Learning Cycle heuristic. This will facilitate a rationalisation from those implementing the sustainable development project as to why decisions are being made and for whom. If these questions are opened up to the project stakeholders, including beneficiaries, then the Kolb cycle could encourage learning and understanding by all involved. It could also provide Sustainability Therapy to those trapped in processes, which they find orthogonal to their own perceptions. It is suggested that such learning, therapy and reflective practice should be a valid output of the sustainable development project, although typically the focus is only upon the final outputs and how they feed into policy. Ironically funders would be well advised to take a broader perspective in order to achieve true 'value for money' within such projects, even if learning is not an easily measurable or tangible outcome. These points are explored within the context of the wider literature and experience with a sustainable development project undertaken in Malta. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Wiggle-match dating of tree-ring sequences

Given the non-monotonic form of the radiocarbon calibration curve, the precision of single C-14 dates on the calendar timescale will always be limited. One way around this limitation is through comparison of time-series, which should exhibit the same irregular patterning as the calibration curve. This approach can be employed most directly in the case of wood samples with many years growth present (but not able to be dated by dendrochronology), where the tree-ring series of unknown date can be compared against the similarly constructed C-14 calibration curve built from known-age wood. This process of curve-fitting has come to be called "wiggle-matching." In this paper, we look at the requirements for getting good precision by this method: sequence length, sampling frequency, and measurement precision. We also look at 3 case studies: one a piece of wood which has been independently dendrochronologically dated, and two others of unknown age relating to archaeological activity at Silchester, UK (Roman) and Miletos, Anatolia (relating to the volcanic eruption at Thera).

The point-source method for 3D reconstructions for the Helmholtz and Maxwell equations

We use the point-source method (PSM) to reconstruct a scattered field from its associated far field pattern. The reconstruction scheme is described and numerical results are presented for three-dimensional acoustic and electromagnetic scattering problems. We give new proofs of the algorithms, based on the Green and Stratton-Chu formulae, which are more general than with the former use of the reciprocity relation. This allows us to handle the case of limited aperture data and arbitrary incident fields. Both for 3D acoustics and electromagnetics, numerical reconstructions of the field for different settings and with noisy data are shown. For shape reconstruction in acoustics, we develop an appropriate strategy to identify areas with good reconstruction quality and combine different such regions into one joint function. Then, we show how shapes of unknown sound-soft scatterers are found as level curves of the total reconstructed field.

Participation of future pharmacists in a professional development certificate scheme; the paradox of personal identity

The white paper ‘Pharmacy in England’ advocates establishing a new pharmacy regulator, building leadership and integrating undergraduate education.[1] Students must morph into competent pharmacists with the skills, expertise and confidence to lead the profession to 2020 and beyond.[2] One way individuals are encouraged to ‘professionalise’ is through participation in personal/professional development schemes. The British Pharmaceutical Students’ Association (BPSA) and the College of Pharmacy Practice have operated a professional development certificate (PDC) scheme since 2001. The scheme rewards students with a joint certificate for evidence of participation in five accredited activities in one academic year. Although the scheme is relevant to development of students, less than 2% of BPSA members take part annually. We wanted to understand the reasons for the low uptake. Our primary objectives were to examine the portrayal of the scheme and to investigate what it signifies to individuals. We describe our attempts to apply social marketing techniques[3] to the PDC, and we use ‘logical levels of change’[4] to highlight a paradox with personal identity.

Leaving final-cut grass silage in situ overwinter as a seed resource for declining farmland birds

The loss of seed-rich wintering habitats has been a major contributory cause of farmland bird population declines in western Europe. Agricultural grasslands are particularly poor winter foraging habitats for granivorous birds, which have declined most in the pastoral farming regions of western Britain. We describe an experiment to test the utility of fertile ryegrass (Lolium) swards as a potentially rich source of winter seed for declining farmland birds. Four patches of final-cut grass silage were allowed to set seed and were left in situ overwinter. Half of each patch was lightly aftermath grazed in an attempt to increase the accessibility of the seed to foraging birds and reduce the perceived predation risk. Large numbers of yellowhammers (Emberiza citrinella) and reed buntings (E. schoeniclus) foraged on the seeded plots throughout the winter. They preferred to forage on ungrazed seeded plots, where the accumulation of senescent foliage resulted in a 14% average loss in silage yield in the following season. However, seed produced on the plots also led to sward regeneration, increasing subsequent yields on some plots. The technique offers clear benefits as a potential future agri-environment measure for declining granivorous birds, with wide applicability, but requires further development to minimise sward damage and costs to the farmer. Autumn grazing should reduce sward damage, but at the cost of reduced usage by buntings. Using the technique just prior to reseeding would be one way of avoiding any costs of sward damage.

Rate-limiting steps in the development of atherosclerosis: the response-to-influx theory

A large number of processes are involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis but it is unclear which of them play a rate-limiting role. One way of resolving this problem is to investigate the highly non-uniform distribution of disease within the arterial system; critical steps in lesion development should be revealed by identifying arterial properties that differ between susceptible and protected sites. Although the localisation of atherosclerotic lesions has been investigated intensively over much of the 20th century, this review argues that the factor determining the distribution of human disease has only recently been identified. Recognition that the distribution changes with age has, for the first time, allowed it to be explained by variation in transport properties of the arterial wall; hitherto, this view could only be applied to experimental atherosclerosis in animals. The newly discovered transport variations which appear to play a critical role in the development of adult disease have underlying mechanisms that differ from those elucidated for the transport variations relevant to experimental atherosclerosis: they depend on endogenous NO synthesis and on blood flow. Manipulation of transport properties might have therapeutic potential. Copyright (C) 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel.