Rupturas y continuidades en el mundo del trabajo : Trayectorias laborales y valoraciones subjetivas en un estudio de caso

En las últimas décadas, el mundo del trabajo se ha modificado drásticamente. Considerando que dichos cambios no sólo modificaron las estrategias materiales de vida de los trabajadores, sino también sus valoraciones y percepciones con respecto al trabajo y a sí mismos, en este estudio pretendemos indagar sobre la forma en que los sujetos enfrentaron tales fenómenos y las consecuencias que los mismos produjeron en sus subjetividades. Presentamos aquí un estudio de caso que se propone describir y analizar las trayectorias laborales, a lo largo de los últimos quince años, de los ex trabajadores de la empresa O.F.A., una mediana fábrica metalúrgica del Gran La Plata que cerró por quiebra en el año 1993. Dados los objetivos de investigación, hemos adoptado una perspectiva metodológica cualitativa utilizando el concepto de trayectoria laboral, que intenta poner de manifiesto la relación dinámica que se establece entre las condiciones estructurales y las estrategias que ponen en juego los sujetos. En primer lugar, planteamos la descripción de las trayectorias laborales analizadas, dando cuenta del trabajo en la empresa, las búsquedas laborales emprendidas y las inserciones laborales actuales. En segundo lugar, nos centramos en el análisis de las valoraciones y percepciones que tienen los trabajadores con respecto al trabajo pasado, al actual y a las transformaciones ocurridas a lo largo de sus trayectorias. Finalmente señalamos los principales resultados, concluyendo que a pesar de producirse el quiebre de las trayectorias, el trabajo sigue siendo un eje identitario estructurante en la vida de los trabajadores estudiados

Profile in occupational counselling and placement and employment services: social policies axis

This paper presents the gestation of a new model of Occupational Counselling, centred in the joint action of State, Third Sector and Private Organizations. Different programmes are identified which involve the treatment of issues related to Labour, Employment and Education within the framework of objectives of social development, community participation and respect for diversity. The data of the investigation make it possible to establish connections between the tasks, professional profiles and professional training of the counsellors who participate in the different programmes.

Vocational and occupational counsseling: a strategy of preventive intervention directed to Young men and women from the interior of the province of Buenos Aires

This work belongs to one of the activities that are carried out in the Vocational and Occupational Guidance Center (V.O.G.C.) of the Faculty of Humanities and Educational Sciences at the L.P.N.U. In the year 1994 the Vocational/Occupational Guidance Programme for Municipalities was created, destined for work with adolescents who are attending their last year at secondary schools in the interior of the Province of Buenos Aires . The Programme aims at fostering the development of spaces for reflection related to the educational/working projects of the adolescents who are close to entering university. The proposal is based on the methodology of work groups, in the journeys preoccupations are sheared, the worries and fears experienced by the students are shared with their hosts, possibilities are used as ground for construction, dealing both with aspects of their current situation and their future possibilities. From the analysis of the group productions collected throughout these years, we have developed a student's profile that - although it resembles the one obtained from local adolescents- adds new questions and points of view, thus increasing the complexity of the balance of forces related to the question of having to make a choice.

Rupturas y continuidades en el mundo del trabajo : Trayectorias laborales y valoraciones subjetivas en un estudio de caso

En las últimas décadas, el mundo del trabajo se ha modificado drásticamente. Considerando que dichos cambios no sólo modificaron las estrategias materiales de vida de los trabajadores, sino también sus valoraciones y percepciones con respecto al trabajo y a sí mismos, en este estudio pretendemos indagar sobre la forma en que los sujetos enfrentaron tales fenómenos y las consecuencias que los mismos produjeron en sus subjetividades. Presentamos aquí un estudio de caso que se propone describir y analizar las trayectorias laborales, a lo largo de los últimos quince años, de los ex trabajadores de la empresa O.F.A., una mediana fábrica metalúrgica del Gran La Plata que cerró por quiebra en el año 1993. Dados los objetivos de investigación, hemos adoptado una perspectiva metodológica cualitativa utilizando el concepto de trayectoria laboral, que intenta poner de manifiesto la relación dinámica que se establece entre las condiciones estructurales y las estrategias que ponen en juego los sujetos. En primer lugar, planteamos la descripción de las trayectorias laborales analizadas, dando cuenta del trabajo en la empresa, las búsquedas laborales emprendidas y las inserciones laborales actuales. En segundo lugar, nos centramos en el análisis de las valoraciones y percepciones que tienen los trabajadores con respecto al trabajo pasado, al actual y a las transformaciones ocurridas a lo largo de sus trayectorias. Finalmente señalamos los principales resultados, concluyendo que a pesar de producirse el quiebre de las trayectorias, el trabajo sigue siendo un eje identitario estructurante en la vida de los trabajadores estudiados

Profile in occupational counselling and placement and employment services: social policies axis

This paper presents the gestation of a new model of Occupational Counselling, centred in the joint action of State, Third Sector and Private Organizations. Different programmes are identified which involve the treatment of issues related to Labour, Employment and Education within the framework of objectives of social development, community participation and respect for diversity. The data of the investigation make it possible to establish connections between the tasks, professional profiles and professional training of the counsellors who participate in the different programmes.

Today's woman : Looking for new proyects. Vocational/Occupational Counselling for middle-aged women

Fil: Chá, Rita Teresita. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

Vocational and occupational counsseling: a strategy of preventive intervention directed to Young men and women from the interior of the province of Buenos Aires

This work belongs to one of the activities that are carried out in the Vocational and Occupational Guidance Center (V.O.G.C.) of the Faculty of Humanities and Educational Sciences at the L.P.N.U. In the year 1994 the Vocational/Occupational Guidance Programme for Municipalities was created, destined for work with adolescents who are attending their last year at secondary schools in the interior of the Province of Buenos Aires . The Programme aims at fostering the development of spaces for reflection related to the educational/working projects of the adolescents who are close to entering university. The proposal is based on the methodology of work groups, in the journeys preoccupations are sheared, the worries and fears experienced by the students are shared with their hosts, possibilities are used as ground for construction, dealing both with aspects of their current situation and their future possibilities. From the analysis of the group productions collected throughout these years, we have developed a student's profile that - although it resembles the one obtained from local adolescents- adds new questions and points of view, thus increasing the complexity of the balance of forces related to the question of having to make a choice.

Impact of thermal stress on evolutionary trajectories of pathogen resistance in three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), supplementary material

Background: Pathogens are a major regulatory force for host populations, especially under stressful conditions. Elevated temperatures may enhance the development of pathogens, increase the number of transmission stages, and can negatively influence host susceptibility depending on host thermal tolerance. As a net result, this can lead to a higher prevalence of epidemics during summer months. These conditions also apply to marine ecosystems, where possible ecological impacts and the population-specific potential for evolutionary responses to changing environments and increasing disease prevalence are, however, less known. Therefore, we investigated the influence of thermal stress on the evolutionary trajectories of disease resistance in three marine populations of three-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus by combining the effects of elevated temperature and infection with a bacterial strain of Vibrio sp. using a common garden experiment. Results: We found that thermal stress had an impact on fish weight and especially on survival after infection after only short periods of thermal acclimation. Environmental stress reduced genetic differentiation (QST) between populations by releasing cryptic within-population variation. While life history traits displayed positive genetic correlations across environments with relatively weak genotype by environment interactions (GxE), environmental stress led to negative genetic correlations across environments in pathogen resistance. This reversal of genetic effects governing resistance is probably attributable to changing environment-dependent virulence mechanisms of the pathogen interacting differently with host genotypes, i.e. GPathogenxGHostxE or (GPathogenxE)x(GHostxE) interactions, rather than to pure host genetic effects, i.e. GHostxE interactions. Conclusion: To cope with climatic changes and the associated increase in pathogen virulence, host species require wide thermal tolerances and pathogen-resistant genotypes. The higher resistance we found for some families at elevated temperatures showed that there is evolutionary potential for resistance to Vibrio sp. in both thermal environments. The negative genetic correlation of pathogen resistance between thermal environments, on the other hand, indicates that adaptation to current conditions can be a weak predictor for performance in changing environments. The observed feedback on selective gradients exerted on life history traits may exacerbate this effect, as it can also modify the response to selection for other vital components of fitness.

Trajectories and outcomes of the 'Arab Spring' : comparing Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and Syria

Almost three years have passed since the 'Arab Spring' began in late 2010. In the major sites of popular uprisings, political conditions remain unsettled or violent. Despite similarities in their original opposition to authoritarian rule, the outcomes differed from country to country. In Tunisia and Egypt, processes of transiting from authoritarian rule produced contrasting consequences for democratic politics. Uprisings led to armed rebellion in Libya and Syria, but whereas Gaddafi was overthrown, Asad was not. What explains the different trajectories and outcomes of the Arab Spring? How were these shaped by the power structure and levels of social control of the pre-uprising regimes and their state institutions, on the one hand, and by the character of the societies and oppositional forces that rose against them? Comparing Tunisia with Egypt, and Libya with Syria, this paper discusses various factors that account for variations in the trajectories and outcomes of the Arab Spring, namely, the legacy of the previous regime, institutional and constitutional choices during "transition" from authoritarian rule, socioeconomic conditions, and the presence of absence of ethnic, sectarian and geographic diversity.