An analysis of tracking settings in blackberry 10 and windows phone 8 smartphones

The use of tracking settings in smartphones facilitates the provision of tailored services to users by allowing service providers access to unique identifiers stored on the smartphones. In this paper, we investigate the 'tracking off' settings on the Blackberry 10 and Windows Phone 8 platforms. To determine if they work as claimed, we set up a test bed suitable for both operating systems to capture traffic between the smartphone and external servers. We dynamically execute a set of similar Blackberry 10 and Windows Phone 8 applications, downloaded from their respective official markets. Our results indicate that even if users turn off tracking settings in their smartphones, some applications leak unique identifiers without their knowledge. © 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland.

Preferential deposition of visceral adipose tissue occurs due to physical inactivity

We hypothesised that strict inactivity (bed rest) would lead to regional differences in fat deposition. Twenty-four male subjects underwent 60d bed rest and remained inactive (n = 9), performed resistance exercise plus whole-body vibration (RVE; n = 7) or resistance exercise only (RE; n = 8). Fat mass was assessed via dual X-ray absorptiometry. In the inactive subjects, fat deposition differed between body regions (P = 0.0005) with android region visceral adipose tissue increasing the most (+29% at the end of bed rest), followed by remainder of the trunk (from chin to the iliac crest; +10%) and the arms and legs (both +7%). Insulin sensitivity reduced in the inactive subjects at the end of bed rest (P = 0.036). RE did not have a significant impact on regional fat mass changes (P ≥ 0.055). In RVE, increases in visceral adipose tissue (-14%; P = 0.028 vs inactive subjects) and in the arms (arms -8%, P = 0.011 vs inactive) were not seen. We conclude that inactivity leads to a preferential increase in visceral adipose tissue.

Remote monitoring system enabling cloud technology upon smart phones and inertial sensors for human kinematics

Stroke is a common neurological condition which is becoming increasingly common as the population ages. This entails healthcare monitoring systems suitable for home use, with remote access for medical professionals and emergency responders. The mobile phone is becoming the easy access tool for self-evaluation of health, but it is hindered by inherent problems including computational power and storage capacity. This research proposes a novel cloud based architecture of a biomedical system for a wearable motion kinematic analysis system which mitigates the above mentioned deficiencies of mobile devices. The system contains three subsystems: 1. Bio Kin WMS for measuring the acceleration and rotation of movement 2. Bio Kin Mobi for Mobile phone based data gathering and visualization 3. Bio Kin Cloud for data intensive computations and storage. The system is implemented as a web system and an android based mobile application. The web system communicates with the mobile application using an encrypted data structure containing sensor data and identifiable headings. The raw data, according to identifiable headings, is stored in the Amazon Relational Database Service which is automatically backed up daily. The system was deployed and tested in Amazon Web Services.

Biomedical sensing analyzer (BSA) for mobile-health (mHealth)-LTE

The rapid expansion of mobile-based systems, the capabilities of smartphone devices, as well as the radio access and cellular network technologies are the wind beneath the wing of mobile health (mHealth). In this paper, the concept of biomedical sensing analyzer (BSA) is presented, which is a novel framework, devised for sensor-based mHealth applications. The BSA is capable of formulating the Quality of Service (QoS) measurements in an end-to-end sense, covering the entire communication path (wearable sensors, link-technology, smartphone, cell-towers, mobile-cloud, and the end-users). The characterization and formulation of BSA depend on a number of factors, including the deployment of application-specific biomedical sensors, generic link-technologies, collection, aggregation, and prioritization of mHealth data, cellular network based on the Long-Term Evolution (LTE) access technology, and extensive multidimensional delay analyses. The results are studied and analyzed in a LabView 8.5 programming environment.

Great 'app-eal' but not there yet: a review of iPhone nutrition applications relevant to child weight management

Aims: There is increasing interest in the use of smartphone applications (apps) for delivering child obesity management interventions and supporting lifestyle behaviour change; however, there has been very little academic research on their development. Our aim is to review nutrition-related apps designed for children currently available in Australia for their usefulness in education or support behavioural interventions for child obesity. Methods: Apps available for download in iTunes Australia between 2 April and 3 June 2013 which were suitable for children >12 years were identified. Key words were chosen to identify apps applicable to children, focusing on nutrition. Results: A total of 27 apps were included. Most apps (24/27) were not based on evidence-informed recommendations. A third of apps were developed in the USA (n = 10; 37%) and were free (67%), nine apps required upfront payment, with a mean cost of $A2.80 (range $A0.99-$A7.49). The most common nutrition features were the promotion of energy balance (n = 12 apps) and guidance on appropriate portion size (n = 15). The most common behaviour change feature was goal setting (n = 15). The five apps that scored most highly against the characteristics reviewed were: Calorie Counter Pro by My Net Diary, Weight Watchers, Swap It Don't Stop It, Control My Weight by CalorieKing and Rate What I Ate-Photo Diet Tracker. Conclusions: Very few apps were identified that could be used in education or support behavioural interventions for child obesity. There is a need to harness this technology and evaluate the applicability and use within childhood obesity research interventions.

Enabling cloud computing in emergency management systems

Emergencies, including both natural and man - made disasters, increasingly pose an immediate threat to life, health, property, and environment. For example, Hurricane Katrina, the deadliest and most destructive Atlantic tropical cyclone of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season, led to at least 1,883 people's death and an estimated loss of - 108 billion property. To reduce the damage by emergencies, a wide range of cutting-edge technologies on medicine and information are used in all phases of emergency management. This article proposes a cloud-based emergency management system for environmental and structural monitoring that utilizes the powerful computing and storage capability of datacenters to analyze the mass data collected by the wireless intelligent sensor network deployed in civil environment. The system also benefits from smartphone and social network platform to setup the spatial and population models, which enables faster evacuation and better resource allocation.

Mobile phone app aimed at improving iron intake and bioavailability in premenopausal women: a qualitative evaluation

BACKGROUND: Low iron intake can lead to iron deficiency, which can result in impaired health and iron-deficiency anemia. A mobile phone app, combining successful dietary strategies to increase bioavailable iron with strategies for behavior change, such as goal setting, monitoring, feedback, and resources for knowledge acquisition, was developed with the aim to increase bioavailable iron intake in premenopausal women.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the content, usability, and acceptability of a mobile phone app designed to improve intake of bioavailable dietary iron.

METHODS: Women aged 18-50 years with an Android mobile phone were invited to participate. Over a 2-week period women were asked to interact with the app. Following this period, semistructured focus groups with participants were conducted. Focus groups were audio recorded and analyzed via an inductive open-coding method using the qualitative analysis software NVivo 10. Themes were identified and frequency of code occurrence was calculated.

RESULTS: Four focus groups (n=26) were conducted (age range 19-36 years, mean 24.7, SD 5.2). Two themes about the app's functionality were identified (frequency of occurrence in brackets): interface and design (134) and usability (86). Four themes about the app's components were identified: goal tracker (121), facts (78), photo diary (40), and games (46). A number of suggestions to improve the interface and design of the app were provided and will inform the ongoing development of the app.

CONCLUSIONS: This research indicates that participants are interested in iron and their health and are willing to use an app utilizing behavior change strategies to increase intake of bioavailable iron. The inclusion of information about the link between diet and health, monitoring and tracking of the achievement of dietary goals, and weekly reviews of goals were also seen as valuable components of the app and should be considered in mobile health apps aimed at adult women.

Preventing obesity in infants: the growing healthy feasibility trial protocol

INTRODUCTION: Early childhood is an important period for establishing behaviours that will affect weight gain and health across the life course. Early feeding choices, including breast and/or formula, timing of introduction of solids, physical activity and electronic media use among infants and young children are considered likely determinants of childhood obesity. Parents play a primary role in shaping these behaviours through parental modelling, feeding styles, and the food and physical activity environments provided. Children from low socio-economic backgrounds have higher rates of obesity, making early intervention particularly important. However, such families are often more difficult to reach and may be less likely to participate in traditional programs that support healthy behaviours. Parents across all socio-demographic groups frequently access primary health care (PHC) services, including nurses in community health services and general medical practices, providing unparalleled opportunity for engagement to influence family behaviours. One emerging and promising area that might maximise engagement at a low cost is the provision of support for healthy parenting through electronic media such as the Internet or smart phones. The Growing healthy study explores the feasibility of delivering such support via primary health care services.

METHODS: This paper describes the Growing healthy study, a non-randomised quasi experimental study examining the feasibility of an intervention delivered via a smartphone app (or website) for parents living in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas, for promoting infant feeding and parenting behaviours that promote healthy rather than excessive weight gain. Participants will be recruited via their primary health care practitioner and followed until their infant is 9 months old. Data will be collected via web-based questionnaires and the data collected inherently by the app itself.

ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study received approval from the University of Technology Sydney Ethics committee and will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.

A privacy-preserving location tracking system for smartphones based on cloud storage

With the widespread use of smartphones, the loss of a device is a critical problem, which results both in disrupting daily communications and losing valuable property. As a result, tracking systems have been developed to track mobile devices. Previous tracking systems focus on recovering the device's locations after it goes missing, with security methods implemented on the clients. However, users' locations are stored in untrusted third-party services, which may be attacked or eavesdropped. In this paper, we propose a system, named Android Cloud Tracker, to provide a privacy-preserving tracking client and safe storing of user's locations. We use cloud storage controlled by users themselves as storage facilities, and they do not need to worry about any untrusted third party. We implement Android Cloud Tracker prototype on Android phones, and the evaluation shows that it is both practical and lightweight: it generates a small amount of data flow and its distributed architecture provides strong guarantees of location privacy while preserving the ability to efficiently track missing devices.

Using smartphones for accountable care and evidence-based decision making in managing gestational diabetes : an Australian case study

Better managing diabetes has become a global priority, especially given the exponential increase in the number of diabetes patients and the financial implications of treating this silent epidemic. In this paper, we focus on how it might be possible to use a mobile technology solution to support and enable superior diabetes monitoring and management. To test this solution, we examined the context of gestational diabetes and adopted a non-blinded randomized control trial with two-arm cross over applied to a private hospital in Victoria, Australia. Further, we use an accountable care system as the theoretical lens and, from this, develop a conceptual framework to bridge evidence-based management with technologies. Theoretically, we unpack McCleallan, McKethan, Lewis, Roski, and Fisher’s (2010) study with our conceptual framework that comprises providers for information (evidence-based management) and technology (smartphone). We enhance Muhlestein, Croshaw, Merrill, Pena, and James’ (2013) accountable care paradigm with three concepts: 1) quality of life, 2) evidence-based management, and 3) affordable care. From the perspective of practice, far-reaching implications have arisen particularly for hospital management pertaining to the cost and quality of care issues. In particular, it appears that adapting mobile technology solutions such as smartphones to support various aspects of care and patient-clinician interactions is a prudent choice to minimize costs and yet provide highquality care.

A review of security protocols in mHealth Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN)

The popularity of smartphones has led to an increasing demand for health apps. As a result, the healthcare industry is embracing mobile technology and the security of mHealth is essential in protecting patient’s user data and WBAN in a clinical setting. Breaches of security can potentially be life-threatening as someone with malicious intentions could misuse mHealth devices and user information. In this article, threats to security for mHealth networks are discussed in a layered approach addressing gaps in this emerging field of research. Suite B and Suite E, which are utilized in many security systems, including in mHealth applications, are also discussed. In this paper, the support for mHealth security will follow two approaches; protecting patient-centric systems and associated link technologies. Therefore this article is focused on the security provisioning of the communication path between the patient terminal (PT; e.g., sensors) and the monitoring devices (e.g., smartphone, data-collector).

Inference of personal sensors in the internet of things

Smartphone technology has become more popular and innovative over the last few years, and technology companies are now introducing wearable devices into the market. By emerging and converging with technologies such as Cloud, Internet of Things (IoT) and Virtualization, requirements to personal sensor devices are immense and essential to support existing networks, e.g. mobile health (mHealth) as well as IoT users. Traditional physiological and biological medical sensors in mHealth provide health data either periodically or on-demand. Both of these situations can cause rapid battery consumption, consume significant bandwidth, and raise privacy issues, because these sensors do not consider or understand sensor status when converged together. The aim of this research is to provide a novel approach and solution to managing and controlling personal sensors that can be used in various areas such as the health, military, aged care, IoT and sport. This paper presents an inference system to transfer health data collected by personal sensors efficiently and effectively to other networks in a secure and effective manner without burdening workload on sensor devices.

Executivos, gênero e smartphones: uma exploração quanto aos paradoxos tecnológicos e às copying strategies

Argumentando-se que as Tecnologias da Informação Móveis e Sem Fio (TIMS) vêm ocupando um espaço, cada vez maior, na vida dos indivíduos, e que, em função desta proximidade, novas formas de interação aparecem, este trabalho procurou aprofundar a relação entre Smartphones e Gênero. Fundamentado em abordagens teóricas relativas à existência de paradoxos associados ao uso de artefatos tecnológicos e às copying strategies adotadas pelos usuários, este estudo procurou identificar a existência e a intensidade de paradoxos associados ao uso diário de smartphones por executivos brasileiros, de ambos os sexos. O trabalho também procurou avaliar a forma como os executivos lidam com as possíveis ambiguidades vivenciadas em seus dia-a-dia. O método de estudo de caso múltiplo, cujos executivos eram as unidades de análise, foi aplicado junto a executivos mulheres e homens, usuários constantes da tecnologia smartphone e ocupantes de cargos de médio e alto escalão em grandes empresas brasileiras. A partir de um método de coleta misto – questionários, diários de uso e entrevistas em profundidade –, o trabalho teve o objetivo de aprofundar e refinar os estudos sobre paradoxos tecnológicos, bem como iniciar análises quanto à relação do gênero e esses mesmos paradoxos. Após a consolidação e análise dos dados obtidos, verificou-se que apenas parte dos 14 paradoxos tecnológicos apresentados por Mick e Fournier (1998), Jarvenppa e Lang (2005) e Mazmanin et al. (2006) foram associados à interação entre executivos e smartphones. Dos 6 paradoxos identificados, 2 foram exclusivamente relacionados às mulheres, sugerindo que as executivas percebem e vivenciam os paradoxos com mais intensidade do que seus pares masculinos. Os dados também revelaram que diantes das ambiguidades, os executivos mulheres e homens procuram adotar estratégias de enfrentamento, tentando desenvolver um relacionamento positivo e de parceria com seus artefatos. Ao final, as conclusões e implicações deste estudo são detalhadamente apresentadas.

Smartphones e profissionais: amigos e inimigos

A utilização de artefatos de Tecnologias da Informação Móveis e Sem Fio (TIMS) traz consigo alguns paradoxos tecnológicos associados, já identificados na literatura. O aumento do uso de TIMS e suas evoluções acabam por permitir novos tipos de uso e interação junto aos usuários. Tendo como base teorias sobre a existência de paradoxos associados ao uso de equipamentos tecnológicos, mormente TIMS, este estudo buscou aprofundar a relação entre smartphones e profissionais. A partir da coleta de dados por meio de questionário estruturado, esta pesquisa utilizou a análise quantitativa e teve como objetivo determinar a presença e medir a intensidade dos paradoxos tecnológicos, identificados na literatura, quando do uso profissional de smartphones. Outro ponto observado no presente trabalho foi a associação estatística entre esses paradoxos tecnológicos e, ainda, a identificação de fatores que poderiam impactar a percepção desses paradoxos associados ao uso do smartphone pelos profissionais que os utilizam. A análise dos dados permitiu verificar quais dos quatorze paradoxos tecnológicos apresentados por Mick e Fournier (1998), Jarvenpaa e Lang (2005) e Mazmanian et al. (2006) foram percebidos por mais respondentes, com destaque para o paradoxo de autonomia e vício, que foi vivenciado por mais de 85% daqueles que responderam à pesquisa. Usando como base o percentual de respondentes que percebem os paradoxos tecnológicos e considerando suas intensidades, esta dissertação também apresenta um ranking das forças dos paradoxos, determinado pela taxa relativa da força dos paradoxos. Esse ranking traz nas primeiras posições as seguintes ambiguidades: autonomia / vício, engajamento / desengajamento e liberdade / escravidão, respectivamente. Outro apontamento dessa pesquisa foi que nenhum dos paradoxos analisados é estatisticamente independente. Por fim, a realização de uma regressão logística ordinal levou à conclusão que apenas dois dos paradoxos em questão sofrem impacto das variáveis independentes observadas.