Família e creche: crenças a respeito de temperamento e desempenho de bebês

Este estudo baseia-se na Abordagem Bioecológica de Bronfenbrenner. O objetivo foi verificar o julgamento de mães e educadoras de berçário sobre os fatores que causam ou influenciam o temperamento e o desempenho de bebês. Foram entrevistadas 50 mães que tinham filho de 4 a 24 meses em uma creche vinculada a um HC e 21 de suas educadoras (responsáveis por 90 bebês, nas fixas etárias mencionadas). As questões feitas às mães incluíam falar da rotina diária do filho, quais as competências dele e como interpretavam seu temperamento e desempenho. Para as educadoras, os temas foram os mesmos, pedindo-se para descreverem como viam cada um dos bebês sob sua responsabilidade. Os resultados mostram pouca diferença nas crenças das mães e das educadoras, sendo que a maioria apresenta crenças ambientalistas, tanto no que diz respeito ao temperamento quanto ao desempenho do bebê; e as pessoas que mais exerceriam influência seriam os pais.

A vivência do pai no processo de reabilitação da criança com deficiência auditiva

Este estudo visou investigar as vivências emocionais e mecanismos de defesa de pais de crianças com deficiência auditiva. Foram entrevistados 12 genitores masculinos, de 25 a 38 anos, com escolaridade de primeiro grau incompleto a superior incompleto. Dos entrevistados, sete eram pais de filhos únicos, três, pais pela segunda vez e um pai pela terceira vez da criança com necessidade específica. As respostas foram categorizadas e analisadas com base no referencial psicodinâmico e apresentam vivências de choque, ansiedade e angústia e o uso de mecanismos de defesa frente ao diagnóstico e implicações da deficiência. As defesas constatadas foram analisadas como reações situacionalmente esperadas, podendo favorecer formas mais realistas de enfrentamento posterior. Sugere-se que, assim como mães, pais vivenciam impacto e dificuldades emocionais frente ao diagnóstico de seus filhos. Diferenças de papéis familiares facilitam ao pai um menor envolvimento na educação da criança, devendo-se valorizar a sua importância no processo de reabilitação.

Sepsis and Neutropenia in Very Low Birth Weight Infants Delivered of Mothers with Preeclampsia

Objective To study the association between maternal preeclampsia and neonatal sepsis in very low birth weight newborns.Study design We studied all infants with birth weights between 500 g and 1500 g who were admitted to 6 neonatal intensive care units of the Brazilian Network on Neonatal Research for 2 years. Exclusion criteria were major malformations, death in the delivery room, and maternal chronic hypertension. Absolute neutrophil count was performed in the first 72 hours of life.Results A total of 911 very low birth weight infants (preeclampsia, 308; non-preeclampsia, 603) were included. The preeclampsia group had significantly higher gestational age, more cesarean deliveries, antenatal steroid, central catheters, total parenteral nutrition, and neutropenia, and less rupture of membranes >18 hours and mechanical ventilation. Both groups had similar incidences of early sepsis (4.6% and 4.2% in preeclampsia and non-preeclampsia groups, respectively) and late sepsis (24% and 22.1% in preeclampsia and non-preeclampsia groups, respectively). Vaginal delivery and neutropenia were associated with multiple logistic regressions with early sepsis, and mechanical ventilation, central catheter, and total parenteral nutrition were associated with late sepsis. Death was associated with neutropenia in very preterm infants.Conclusions Preeclampsia did not increase neonatal sepsis in very low birth weight infants, and death was associated with neutropenia in very preterm infants. (J Pediatr 2010; 157: 434-8).

A Qualidade da Interação Positiva e da Consistência Parental na sua Relação com Problemas de Comportamentos de Pré-Escolares

Studies have shown a relationship to exist between behavior problems in children and quality of parental practices such as communication, expressivity, consistency, and monitoring. This study aimed at describing relationships that parents have with their preschool children, and also at relating parenting skills to child behavior. We compared fathers' and mothers' social educational skills in two groups of children, with or without behavior problems at school. Research was conducted in a town in the State of Sao Paulo, BR. Participants were biological mothers and fathers of 48 preschoolers; twenty-five children presented behavior problems at school, and 24 had high social skills. Parents were individually interviewed at home. Results showed that fathers and mothers of socially skilled children were more consistent in their practices. They were more able to identify and describe their children's socially skilled behaviors. They also reported they gave more positive feedbak for their children's good behavior.

Avaliação de grupo de intervenção para as mães/cuidadores de crianças pré-escolares com problemas de comportamento externalizantes

Negative parental practices may influence the onset and maintenance of externalizing behavior problems, and positive parenting seem to improve children's social skills and reduce behavior problems. The objective of the present study was to describe the effects of an intervention designed to foster parents' social skills related to upbringing practices in order to reduce externalizing problems in children aged 4 to 6 years. Thirteen mothers and two care taker grandmothers took part in the study with an average of four participants per group. To assess intervention effects, we used a repeated measure design with control, pre, and post intervention assessments. Instruments used were: (a) An interview schedule that evaluates the social interactions between parents and children functionally, considering each pair of child's and parent's behaviors as context for one another; (b) A Social Skills Inventory; (c) Child Behavior Checklist - CBCL. Intervention was effective in improving parent general social skills, decreasing negative parental practices and decreasing child behavior problems.

Psychosocial factors for risk and protection to child malnutrition in mothers of malnourished and eutrophic children: the role of maternal mental health

In this study, the relationship between child malnutrition, depression, anxiety and other maternal socio-demographic variables was investigated in mothers of malnourished (MD) and eutrophic (ME) children. The causes attributed by mothers to malnutrition were also studied. Ten mothers from each group, with children aged from 11 months to three years and who were users of primary health care units, participated in the study. They answered Beck depression and anxiety inventory, a questionnaire on vital events and an open question concerning the causes of malnutrition. The evaluation instruments were corrected according to proper guidelines and comparative analyses between the groups were performed. The answers to the open question were qualitatively evaluated, submitted to content analysis. The mothers in the two groups were nearly 30 years old or older. They had a steady partner and were subject to very similar life conditions. They had attended school for 5.5 years and were housewives or worked in low-income jobs. Concerning mental health indicators, a significantly larger number of mothers in the MM group showed depression indicators when compared to mothers in the EM group. Most mothers attributed malnutrition to biological factors or to the lack of maternal care, with more moralist statements in the EM group, and statements filled with guilt in MM. Results suggest that in order to fight malnutrition, in addition to nutritional interventions, it is necessary to heed attention to maternal socio-emotional issues.

Eventos pré-natais e sua relação com o comportamento infantil durante a assistência odontológica

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Adoção por homossexuais: concepções de psicólogos judiciários

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Concepções maternas e paternas sobre desenvolvimento infantil e relações afetivas

Pós-graduação em Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e Aprendizagem - FC

Práticas parentais e indicadores de ansiedade, depressão e estresse maternos

Pós-graduação em Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e Aprendizagem - FC