Validação de metodologia para o teste de germinação em sementes de nabo forrageiro (Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiferus)

Para várias espécies vegetais, testes como o de germinação não tem seus procedimentos descritos nas Regras para Análise de Sementes (RAS) utilizadas no Brasil pela falta de padronização e validação metodológica. Dentre elas, o nabo forrageiro, que tem sido considerada uma cultura promissora para a produção de biodiesel, tem sua germinação avaliada por metodologia recomendado para a espécie Raphanus sativus , mas tem especificidade de variedade (var oleiferus) com características de plantas e sementes, que diferem das demais variedades da espécie. Para assegurar a padronização de metodologias para o comércio internacional de sementes é necessário estabelecer critérios para validação de metodologia, cuja descrição deve ser clara e completa com procedimentos que propiciem exatidão, robustez, precisão (reprodutibilidade e repetibilidade). O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar o processo de validação de duas metodologias para o teste de germinação em sementes de nabo forrageiro, utilizando para as análises estatísticas o procedimento padrão da ISTA, bem como técnicas complementares. Os testes de germinação foram realizados em oito laboratórios com cinco lotes, utilizando substrato areia e papel em temperatura alternada 20-30 ºC. As técnicas estatísticas foram utilizadas para: verificar a homogeneidade dos lotes (teste H), identificar a presença de valores discrepantes (método de Hampel) e outliers nas variâncias (teste de Levene para média); avaliar os efeitos de laboratórios e lotes (Análise de Variância); verificar a repetibilidade, reprodutibilidade, exatidão e robustez (limites críticos de repetibilidade, reprodutibilidade, estatísticas h e k de Mandel), comparar as diferentes metodologias de germinação (testes F) e reavaliar o nível de qualidade dos lotes (Análise Discriminante). Tanto no aspecto estatístico, como fitotécnico, as metodologias para o teste de germinação em sementes de nabo forrageiro com a utilização do substrato areia e papel, temperatura alternada 20-30 ºC podem ser considerados validadas, pois apresentam exatidão, robustez e precisão adequadas.

Tamanho de frutos e de sementes e sua influência na germinação de jatobá-do-cerrado (Hymenaea stigonocarpa var. stigonocarpa Mart. ex Hayne, Leguminosae - Caesalpinoideae)

Neste estudo foi descrito a biometria de frutos e de sementes de uma população de Hymenaea stigonocarpa var. stigonocarpa foi avaliado o efeito da massa de sementes na proporção e no tempo de germinação, sob condições de laboratório (câmara de germinação) e em viveiro, considerando como critérios de germinação a protrusão da raiz primária e a expansão de eófilos. Esta população de jatobá-do-cerrado apresentou uma grande variação no tamanho de frutos e de sementes. A massa das sementes variou entre 0,546 e 7,666 g e estas foram classificadas em pequenas, médias e grandes. Uma proporção maior de sementes classificadas como médias, emitiu a raiz primária em relação às grandes, enquanto as pequenas ocuparam posição intermediária. A massa de sementes não influencia a proporção de sementes que apresenta expansão de eófilos. As sementes grandes emitem a raiz primária mais rapidamente que as pequenas. O tempo médio da expansão de eófilos decresce com a redução da massa de sementes. Apesar das sementes médias e pequenas possuírem maior potencial para expor a raiz primária, estas apresentam maior taxa de mortalidade na transição entre as fases de protrusão da raiz primária e de expansão de eófilos.

Detection of adventitious presence of genetically modified seeds in lots of non transgenic soybean

The difficulty on identifying, lack of segregation systems and absence of suitable standards for coexistence of non trangenic and transgenic soybean are contributing for contaminations that occur during productive system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of two methods for detecting mixtures of seeds genetically modified (GM) into samples of non-GM soybean, in a way that seed lots can be assessed within the standards established by seed legislation. Two sizes of soybean samples (200 and 400 seeds), cv. BRSMG 810C (non-GM) and BRSMG 850GRR (GM), were assessed with four contamination levels (addition of GM seeds, for obtaining 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% contamination), and two detection methods: immunoassay of lateral flux (ILF) and bioassay (pre-imbibition into 0.6% herbicide solution; 25 ºC; 16 h). The bioassay is efficient in detecting presence of GM seeds in seed samples of non-GM soybean, even for contamination lower than 1.0%, provided that seeds have high physiological quality. The ILF was positive, detecting the presence of target protein in contaminated samples, indicating test effectiveness. There was significant correlation between the two detection methods (r = 0.82; p < 0.0001). Sample size did not influence efficiency of the two methods in detecting presence of GM seeds.

Modified statistical methods to calculate rare gas interaction potentials

New density functionals representing the exchange and correlation energies (per electron) are employed, based on the electron gas model, to calculate interaction potentials of noble gas systems X2 and XY, where X (and Y) are He,Ne,Ar and Kr, and of hydrogen atomrare gas systems H-X. The exchange energy density functional is that recommended by Handler and the correlation energy density functional is a rational function involving two parameters which were optimized to reproduce the correlation energy of He atom. Application of the two parameter function to other rare gas atoms shows that it is "universal"; i. e. ,accurate for the systems considered. The potentials obtained in this work compare well with recent experimental results and are a significant improvement over those from competing statistical modelS.

Biochemical and histological investigations of viral localisation in the hypersensitive reaction of Phaselous vulgaris L. var Pinto to tobacco mosaic virus infection

STOBBS, Lorne,W ABSTRACT Biochemical and Histological Investigations of viral localisation in the hypersensitive reaction of Phaseolus vulgaris L. var Pinto to tobacco mosaic virus infection. The infection of Phaseolus vulgaris L. var Pinto with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) results in the production of distinct necrotic lesions confining the virus to restricted areas of the leaf surface. Biochemical and histological changes in the leaf tissue as a result of infection have been described. Trace accumulations of fluorescent metabolites, detected prior to lesion expression represent metabolites produced, by the cell in response to virus infection. These substances, are considered to undergo oxidation and in diffusing into adjacent cells, react with cellular constituents causing the death of these cells. Such cellular necrosis in advance of infection effectively limits virus spread. Chromatographic studies on extracts from TMV infected Pinto bean leaf tissue suggests that a number of extra-fluorescent metabolites produced on lesion'expression represent end products of phenolic oxidation r,eactionsoccurring earlier in these cells. Inhibition of phenolic oxidation by ascorbate infiltration or elevated temperature treatment resulted in the absence of extra-fluorescent metabolites and the continued movement of virus in the absence of necrosis. Further studies with i ascorbate infiltration indicated that irreversible necrotic events were determined as early as 12 tci 18 hrs after viral inoculation. Histochemical tests indicated that callose formation was initiated at this time, and occurred in response to necrotisation. Inhibition of necrosis by either ascorbate infiltration or elevated temp8rature treatment resulted in the absence of callose deposition. Scanning electron'micrographs of infected tissue revealed severe epidermal and palisade cell damage. Histochemical tests indicated extensive callose formation in cells bordering the lesion, and suggested the role of callose iTh the blockage of intercellular connections limiting virus movement. The significance of these cellular changes is discussed. ii

Synthesis and utilization of guanidine catalysts for applications directed towards the preparation of butenolide and modified amino acid derivatives

Development of guanidine catalysts is explored through direct iminium chloride and amine coupling, alongside a 2-chloro-l,3-dimethyl-IH-imidazol-:-3-ium chloride (DMC) induced thiourea cyclization. Synthesized achiral catalyst N-(5Hdibenzo[ d,t][1,3]diazepin-6(7H)-ylidene)-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl) aniline proved unsuccessful towards O-acyl migrations, however successfully catalyzed the vinylogous aldol reaction between dicbloro furanone and benzaldehyde. Incorporating chirality into the guanidine catalyst utilizing a (R)-phenylalaninol auxiliary, generating (R)-2-((5Hdibenzo[ d,t] [1,3 ]diazepin-6(7H)-ylidene ) amino )-3 -phenylpropan-l-ol, demonstrated enantioselectivity for a variety of adducts. Highest enantiomeric excess (ee) was afforded between dibromofuranone and p-chlorobenzaldehyde, affording the syn conformation in 96% ee and the anti in 54% ee, with an overall yield of30%. Attempts to increase asymmetric induction were focused on incorporation of axial chirality to the (R)phenylalaninol catalyst using binaphthyl diamine. Incorporation of (S)-binaphthyl exhibited destructive selectivity, whereas incorporation of (R)-binaphthyl demonstrated no effects on enantioselectivity. Current studies are being directed towards identifying the catalytic properties of asymmetric induction with further studies are being aimed towards increasing enantioselectivity by increasing backbone steric bulk.

Producción y composición quimica del forraje de Huizachillo (Desmanthus virgatus (L) var. de pressus Willd) bajo cultivo.

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias en Producción Agrícola) UANL

Efecto de la tensión hídrica edáfica en diferentes etapas del desarrollo sobre el crecimiento de Phaseolus acutifolius var. latifolius F. y Phaseolus vulgaris L.

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencas Especialidad en Producción Agrícola) UANL

Purificación y caracterización de una proteína antitumoral a partir de Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis.

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Inmunobiología) UANL

Efecto de tres dosis de polímero y tres dosis de fertilizante en la producción de plántula de chile serrano (Capsicum annuum L.) var. Tampiqueño 74

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias en Producción Agrícola) UANL

Efecto del nitrógeno, fósforo y potasio en el crecimiento y producción de plántulas de tomate (Lycopersicum esculentun Mill) var. Floradade

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias en Producción Agrícola) UANL

Distribución y relaciones ecológicas del chamal (Dioon edule var.Angustifolium) en la Sierra de San Carlos, Tamaulipas, Méx.

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias Forestales) UANL

Aspectos de la fermentación de Bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai a nivel de planta semipiloto

Tesis (Maestro en Ciencias con Especialidad en Microbiolo gía) U.A.N.L.