Análise de cenários para auxílio à tomada de decisão no plantio mecanizado de cana-de-açúcar

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

Análise do processo de construção de um ambiente constituído por garrafas pet

O desenvolvimento tecnológico crescente associado a profundas mudanças no modo de vida contemporâneo tem gerado volumes de rejeitos cada vez maiores. Um desses rejeitos são as garrafas feitas de PET. Essas garrafas podem ser aproveitadas para construções de ambientes em substituição dos tijolos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar os aspectos necessários para a realização das obras de construção de um ambiente com materiais recicláveis analisando tipos, quantidades e custos dos materiais de construção e mão-de-obra. Além disso, criou-se estratégias para a arrecadação de garrafas pet, métodos de preenchimento das mesmas e mecanismos de divulgação do projeto intitulado ?Projeto Casa PET?. O estudo comprovou que a garrafa pet pode substituir o tijolo, que um dos materiais adequados para preenchê-las é o solo-cimento e que este tipo de construção tem despertado o interesse de pessoas de diversos locais do Brasil e até mesmo de outros países. Em futuros trabalhos, pretende-se comprovar que o ambiente é uma alternativa viável tanto do ponto de vista econômico e ambiental.

Custos energéticos do agroecossistema pinhão-manso e milho: comparativo entre o sistema de condução sequeiro e o irrigado

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Inovação tecnológica de boas práticas agrícolas e a informática na gestão agropecuária

This study aims to develop innovative proposals for production agriculture management and plans to build a participatory model, through the digital inclusion of members of the family farm gathered in a cooperative venture seeking to establish new environmental management efficiency for household production. The first part of the hypothesis assumes that a major obstacle to the insertion of small family farms into the markets is skilled labor, human capital. A training model has been developed for traceability and tracking activities on family farms, based on the atemoya culture. The second hypothesis predicts that it is possible to create a model that is scientifically supported by widely accepted rules derived from GlobalGAP standard certification, a global benchmark for good agricultural practices. Using these rules the model seeks to achieve the traceability of agricultural products and operations from the preservation of identity information within the production chain. The results obtained by the computerized system confirmed the presented hypotheses by demonstrating that technological innovation through intensive communication and information technologies education as well as other associated forms are important drivers of regional development, especially if implemented through a digital inclusion project using the state program Infocentros Access São Paulo.

Avaliação energética econômica da cultura do milho em assentamento rural, Iperó-SP

This paper, having as a hypothesis that greater energetic inputs don't keep ratio with economical outputs, has tried to study the economical and energetic flows in the maize cultivation to several production systems used in Ipanema Settling Area I, having as analysis instrument the indexes of Cultural, Energetic, Economical efficiency, which were added to the methodological proposal of Cultural Economical and Energetic Economical Efficiency indexes, built for probability settings. Four different systems have been identified: "A", "B", "C" and "D". The energetic expenditure were, respectively, 4,836.19 MJ x ha-1, 4,4647.17 MJ x ha-1, 4,639.49 MJ x ha-1 and 4,450.47 MJ x ha-1. In "A", where the use of machines is more intensive, the participation of biological source energy was 23.26%, whereas the ones of fossil origin are 76.74%. The "D" system has the greatest Cultural Efficiency, with average index of 16.26, whereas "A" showed the lowest Cultural Efficiency indexes, with average values of 14.83. For the analysis of the Energetic Efficiency, that indicates the dependence of energy from non renewable sources, the highest index was the "D" system with an average index of 53.84. The Economical Efficiency Indexes, which ranged from 1.84 to 1.96, show that all systems are efficient. The "D" system, with index equal to 8.84, showed the highest index of Economical Cultural efficiency. The Economical Energetic analysis for "A", "B", "C" and "D" systems, has resulted, respectively, in the following indexes: 21.14 ; 23.86 ; 22.87 and 29.26. Through the outcome analysis, it was concluded that the more intensive use of energy from nonrenewable sources ("A" system) didn't necessarily mean a higher efficiency when compared to "D" (labor intensive), what comes to prove the paper's initial hypothesis.

Eficiência energética e econômica da produção de leite bovino em explorações familiares no município de Pardinho, região de Botucatu- SP

The study aimed to analyze the energy and economic efficiency rate family farms producing milk in the county of Pardinho, Sao Paulo State. The criteria used to define producers in this study is that outlined by the Brazilian agricultural credit system FEAP (Fund Expansion of Agribusiness Paulista). Through primary data, obtained by verbal reports, the agroecosystem technical itineraries were re-established, detailing the process applied, machinery, implements, equipment, supplies and manual work. These were transformed into energy and economic units, which allowed determining the established connection between energy economics outputs and inputs. The hypothesis of this study is that the energetic expenditure may be coincidental with economic expenditures. The energetic and economic flows were analyzed, using a structure of expenditures, by type, source and form of gross energy, as well as the energetic point of view. Four producers were found to have different technical itineraries. Producers 1 and 2 achieved the highest energy and economic efficiency rates. The producer with the lowest efficiency rates was producer 4. The energy sources not renewable like chemical fertilizers were the most used reaching an average of 82.9% for the energy and 52.86% for the economic expenditures. When comparing energy and economic efficiency it is possible to verify that both forms of analysis are close, obtaining a broader idea about energy resources allocation.

Análise econômica da eficiência da produção de cana-de-açúcar de fornecedores do Estado do Paraná

The sugarcane industry has been important in the Brazilian economy since the colonial period. The search for alternative energy sources has gained more prominence, by offering a product generating clean energy. With the opening of the Brazilian economy, the sector has undergone transformations operating in a free market environment requiring greater efficiency and competitiveness of those involved in order to stay in business. This scenario is producer/supplier independent, and social aspects related to their stay in the market. Although its share in sugarcane production is smaller than the plant itself, it is still considerable having reached around 20% to 25% in 2008 by employing labor, also production factors had an important economic impact in the regions where they operate. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the economic efficiency and production of independent sugarcane producers in the state of Paraná through the DEA model. The Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a nonparametric technique that, using linear programming constructs production borders from production units that employ similar technological processes to transform inputs into outputs.The results showed that of the total surveyed, 13.56% had maximum efficiency (an efficiency score equal to 1). The average efficiency under variable returns to scale (BCC-DEA) was 0.71024. One can thus conclude that for the majority of the samples collected, it might be better use of available resources to the in order to obtain the economic efficiency of the production process.

Perspectivas para a qualificação profissional no setor sucroalcooleiro

A cultura da cana de açúcar é de relevante importância social e econômica no Estado de São Paulo devido, principalmente à produção de açúcar e biocombustível, movimentando um representativo volume monetário, bem como relevante quantidade de empregos temporários gerados no período de colheita. Analisando a situação, do corte manual versos o corte mecanizado verificamos que ainda é uma atividade frequentemente associada à poluição ambiental pela queima prévia da palha. Neste contexto a mecanização necessariamente deve se dar ao mesmo tempo que a criação de novos postos de trabalho, ou seja, a adoção de novas tecnologias e o estabelecimento de políticas públicas garantidoras do nível de empregos e renda perdidos. Percebe-se necessidade de intervenção governamental no sentido de elaboração de políticas publicas desenvolvidas com apelo regional, a fim de assegurarem meios de sobrevivência. O sistema da cana-de-açúcar é complexo e o objetivo deste trabalho é discutir a recolocação dos cortadores de cana em atividades que lhe proporcionem renda, dignidade e melhor qualidade de vida. Portanto as políticas publicas devem ser planejadas priorizando o desenvolvimento regional tanto na região de destino, quanto nas regiões de origem dos trabalhadores, de forma a diminuir a necessidade de migração, fixando o homem em suas oportunidades assegurando meios de sobrevivência. A iniciativa governamental de qualificação através do PlanSeQ Plano Setorial de Qualificação é muito interessante porém se comparada à necessidade do setor ainda representa pouco pela necessidade da mecanização.

Um Modelo para Análise do Balanço e Eficiência Energética na Logística de Transporte Dutoviário para Exportação do Etanol.

This paper analyzed the energy flow of a route currently designed to transport ethanol from the Midwest region of Brazil for exportation, more precisely from the city of Aparecida do Taboado (MS) to the port of São Sebastiao (SP). The route studied a single modal combined into two pieces, duct - duct. The direct and indirect energy, involved in the operations were used to account for the inputs and outputs of energy from and into the system. The energy input and output were the variables, diesel fuel, lubricants, greases, indirect energy consumption of machinery and equipment, power consumption of labor, the energy consumption and energy consumption in depreciation and maintenance of roads. We found that this route has specific energy consumption of 0,14 MJ km-1 m-3 . The Net Energy Gain (GEl), the Energy Efficiency global (EEg) and Renewable Energy Balance (BEr), which were the energy indicators adopted in this study were obtained respectively: 1.585.958.977,00 MJ; 200,72 and 1.593.900.000,00MJ.

Demanda energética em diferentes manejos de solo e híbridos de milho

This study aimed to account the energy balance of six different farming systems: CMT (minimum tillage with transgenic corn); CMNT (minimum tillage with non-transgenic corn); PCT (conventional tillage with transgenic corn); PCNT (conventional tillage with non-transgenic corn); PDT (no-tillage system with transgenic corn) and PDNT (no-tillage system with non-transgenic corn). The study was carried out at the Experimental Farm Lageado FCA/Unesp, Botucatu - SP. The energy balance was performed by subtracting the total energy inputs by the total energy output. Energy efficiency was calculated by dividing the total energy output by the total energy inputs. The total values ​​of energy inputs and outputs were expressed in MJ.ha-1 (mega joules per hectare). To calculate the energy inputs were accounted the fuel consumption and lubricants, depreciation energy of machinery and implements, manpower and agricultural inputs. The energy outputs were calculated according to the maize yield. The result shows that the system PDT was the system that had better energy efficiency and the system that had the lowest efficiency was the PCT system. The system with lower energy demand was the PDT and the greatest demand was PCNT.

Eficiência energética da produção de café orgânico na região sul de Minas Gerais

In this study, organic coffee production systems energy efficiency was estimate. So, an itinerary technical was built since the deployment phase up to the organic coffee production. The inputs used (labor, machine hours, pesticides, fertilizers, etc.) converted into energy units, quantified the energy input, while the production of organic coffee beans benefited was constituted the energy output. Data collection was based on an intentional and non-probabilistic sampling. Nine farmers were interviewed whose main source of income was the coffee production and had keep records of the culture data. The balances were positive, with an energy yield of 626.465MJ.ha-1, compared to an energy expenditure of 112.998MJ.ha-1 during the crop cycle. It is concluded that organic coffee production is energy efficient.

Desempenho operacional de transplante manual e mecanizado da cultura da alface

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Determinações territoriais da agricultura mundializada: a soja nos espaços rurais e urbanos de Uruçuí-PI

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

Políticas públicas de educação profissional: uma análise do PRONATEC com alunos egressos da escola SENAI “Márcio Bagueira Leal”

Pós-graduação em Planejamento e Análise de Políticas Públicas - FCHS

Características estruturais e físicas de material biodegradável produzido a base de zeína e fibras de milho e bananeira

Pós-graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos - IBILCE