Corrective feedback in oral interaction: A comparison of a CLIL and an EFL classroom

[EN] Since Long's Interaction Hypothesis (Long, 1983) multiple studies have suggested the need of oral interaction for successful second language learning. Within this perspective, a great deal of research has been carried out to investigate the role of corrective feedback in the process of acquiring a second language, but there are still varied open debates about this issue. This comparative study seeks to contribute to the existing literature on corrective feedback in oral interaction by exploring teachers' corrective techniques and students' response to these corrections. Two learning contexts were observed and compared: a traditional English as a foreign language (EFL) classroom and a Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) classroom .The main aim was to see whether our data conform to the Counterbalance Hypothesis proposed by Lyster and Mori (2006). Although results did not show significant differences between the two contexts, a qualitative analysis of the data shed some light on the differences between these two language teaching settings. The findings point to the need for further research on error correction in EFL and CLIL contexts in order to overcome the limitations of the present study.

Sobrecarga del cuidador informal de pacientes inmovilizados en una zona de salud urbana

Introducción y objetivo: El síndrome de cansancio del cuidador es un fenómeno cada vez más relevante en el ámbito sociosanitario. Las características de la población afectada condicionan su aparición y gravedad. El objetivo de este estudio es describir el grado de sobrecarga y deterioro de la salud mental en el cuidador informal de pacientes inmovilizados en una Zona Básica de Salud (ZBS), así como los factores relacionados. Material y método: Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo transversal sobre la totalidad de cuidadores informales de pacientes inmovilizados. Los datos fueron obtenidos mediante entrevista telefónica estructurada. Se emplearon los test Indice de Esfuerzo del Cuidador (IEC) y Goldberg (subescalas ansiedad y depresión). Resultados: La edad media del paciente inmovilizado (n=202) fue de 85,75 años (Desviación Estándar, DE, 10,79) con predominio (79,7%) del sexo femenino. La población de cuidadores informales (n=60) presenta un 65% de mujeres, con edad media de 62,32 años (DE 4,2). El valor medio de IEC es de 7,17 (DE 3,83). Las mujeres cuidadoras presentan peor estado de salud que los hombres cuidadores en todas las escalas (IEC, Goldberg-Ansiedad y Goldberg-Depresión). El valor de IEC aumenta si la cuidadora principal es hija o pareja del paciente, si tiene estudios superiores, y si no recibe apoyo informal en el cuidado. Conclusión: Las cuidadoras informales presentan elevadas tasas de cansancio del cuidador. Los equipos de atención primaria tienen una labor fundamental en la identificación de los cuidadores más afectados y sus factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de intervenciones específicas.

Curso de MANIFOLD 8.0

Curso de formación del software GIS MANIFOLD 8.0

Marco normativo de los residuos generados por la industria extractiva

Análisis de la Directiva 2006/21/CE sobre la gestión de los residuos de industrias extractivas, y del Real Decreto 975/2009. Comparativa de ambas disposiciones.

Planificación estatal y autonómica en materia de residuos

Análisis de los principales instrumentos de planificación en materia de residuos elaborados por la Administración General del Estado y, a nivel autonómico, por la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía.

Saberes y experiencias de vida de una joven, hija de padres inmigrantes chinos y su familia en Andalucía. Un estudio biográfico

Esta tesis doctoral se centra en la reconstrucción de la biografía de una joven de origen chino y su familia en España con el objetivo de explorar las experiencias vividas, las luchas, las dificultades, los retos, los valores y las subjetividades en varios contextos sociales, locales y trasnacionales: escuela, familia, comunidad y sociedad en general. En particular, para dar respuesta a las preguntas de investigación he optado por la perspectiva biográfica como la más idónea para describir las experiencias subjetivas de las personas y comprender el significado de las mismas desde su propia perspectiva, así como las condiciones y contexto en las que se construyen/ conforman dichas experiencias (Clandinin & Connelly 1994; Cole & Knowles 2001; Denzin 1989; Roberts, 2002). La protagonista de la investigación, es una joven de origen chino nacida en España, que se ha escolarizado en el sistema educativo español y se ha socializado aquí. Sin embargo, ella es parte de la experiencia de la migración. En el momento de la investigación tenía 22 años. Los resultado se presentan en forma de relato biográfico de la protagonista y la interpretación de su vida. El relato biográfico, a su vez, se compone de seis capítulos que detallan los itinerarios de vida de la protagonista desde los primeros años de infancia hasta la juventud y describe de manera narrativa los acontecimientos más importantes y los momentos de inflexión en la vida de la protagonista, sus vivencias, sus sentimientos y emociones, sus acciones, sus luchas y sus victorias. No obstante, su voz es acompañada de la de otras personas que, de alguna manera, han influido en su trayectoria y nos aportan una visión enriquecida de su vida. Un segundo informe se ha realizado como una aproximación a la vida de la protagonista desde una perspectiva más analítica, en donde se presentan las experiencias más significativas en los contextos específicos familiares, escolares, comunitarios y sociales en general, destacando aquellos elementos positivos y negativos que han moldeado la construcción de identidad y la inclusión de la protagonista en la sociedad. Su narrativa resalta el hecho de que la diferencia cultural se transforma muchas veces en desigualdad social. Desde su posición interna tanto dentro de la comunidad china, como dentro de la sociedad española, adopta una actitud crítica, ya que a lo largo de su vida toma conciencia de las diferentes lógicas que subyacen a cada discurso y relación interétnica.

El nuevo sistema de pagos directos en la reforma de la PAC 2015-2020

Los pagos directos, ayudas que se abonan directamente al agricultor, constituyen la columna vertebral de la Política Agrícola Común (PAC) debido a su importancia presupuestaria y a su impacto sobre la renta agraria. El modelo surgido tras las reformas de 2003 y 2008 ha presentado algunos elementos cuestionables en la definición de los beneficiarios de la política, el impacto medioambiental del régimen, la distribución de las ayudas entre Estados miembros y dentro de los mismos, las repercusiones específicas de los modelos históricos y regional, ect. Por ello la PAC reclamaba una reforma que la hiciera más eficaz y legítima, reforma que tras largos y arduos debates se aprobó en 2013. El objetivo de este trabajo es proporcionar una visión global sobre la arquitectura del nuevo sistema de pagos directos emanado de la reforma de la PAC para el período 2015-2020, definiendo los principales instrumentos y mecanismos, así como una valoración de los mismos, sin olvidar la aplicación del sistema en España.

Identifying pedagogy and teaching strategies for achieving nationally prescribed learning outcomes

With the globalisation of university education, national frameworks are commonly used to prescribe standardised learning outcomes and achieve accountability. However, these frameworks are generally not accompanied by guiding pedagogy to support academics in adjusting their teaching practices to achieve the set outcomes. This paper reports the results of a scoping review of health science literature aimed at identifying pedagogy and teaching strategies relevant to achieve the learning outcomes specified by the Australian Qualifications Framework at a master's degree level. Eight practical teaching messages emerged from the review and three broad pedagogical trends were identified: the need to use authentic disciplinary-based learning activities; ensure that students are able to discover different perspectives about future practice and bring student reflection about their own knowledge into curricula. More critically, the review highlights that academics attempting to translate national learning outcome frameworks into their teaching practices face a complex and time-consuming task which may involve searching beyond their own disciplinary focus to identify practical teaching strategies to meet prescribed learning outcomes.

First molecular determination of herpesvirus from two mysticete species stranded in the Mediterranean Sea

BACKGROUND Herpesvirus can infect a wide range of animal species: mammals, birds, reptiles, fish, amphibians and bivalves. In marine mammals, several alpha- and gammaherpesvirus have been identified in some cetaceans and pinnipeds species. To date, however, this virus has not been detected in any member of the Balaenoptera genus. CASE PRESENTATION Herpesvirus was determined by molecular methods in tissue samples from a male fin whale juvenile (Balaenoptera physalus) and a female common minke whale calf (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) stranded on the Mediterranean coast of the Region of Valencia (Spain). Samples of skin and penile mucosa from the fin whale and samples of skin, muscle and central nervous system tissue from the common minke whale tested positive for herpesvirus based on sequences of the DNA polymerase gene. Sequences from fin whale were identical and belonged to the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily. Only members of the Gammaherpesvirinae subfamily were amplified from the common minke whale, and sequences from the muscle and central nervous system were identical. Sequences in GenBank most closely related to these novel sequences were viruses isolated from other cetacean species, consistent with previous observations that herpesviruses show similar phylogenetic branching as their hosts. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first molecular determination of herpesvirus in the Balaenoptera genus. It shows that herpesvirus should be included in virological evaluation of these animals.

Thermal reference points as an index for monitoring body temperature in marine mammals

BACKGROUND Monitoring body temperature is essential in veterinary care as minor variations may indicate dysfunction. Rectal temperature is widely used as a proxy for body temperature, but measuring it requires special equipment, training or restraining, and it potentially stresses animals. Infrared thermography is an alternative that reduces handling stress, is safer for technicians and works well for untrained animals. This study analysed thermal reference points in five marine mammal species: bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus); beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas); Patagonian sea lion (Otaria flavescens); harbour seal (Phoca vitulina); and Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens). RESULTS The thermogram analysis revealed that the internal blowhole mucosa temperature is the most reliable indicator of body temperature in cetaceans. The temperatures taken during voluntary breathing with a camera held perpendicularly were practically identical to the rectal temperature in bottlenose dolphins and were only 1 °C lower than the rectal temperature in beluga whales. In pinnipeds, eye temperature appears the best parameter for temperature control. In these animals, the average times required for temperatures to stabilise after hauling out, and the average steady-state temperature values, differed according to species: Patagonian sea lions, 10 min, 31.13 °C; harbour seals, 10 min, 32.27 °C; Pacific walruses, 5 min, 29.93 °C. CONCLUSIONS The best thermographic and most stable reference points for monitoring body temperature in marine mammals are open blowhole in cetaceans and eyes in pinnipeds.

Novel adenovirus detected in captive bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) suffering from self-limiting gastroenteritis

BACKGROUND Adenoviruses are common pathogens in vertebrates, including humans. In marine mammals, adenovirus has been associated with fatal hepatitis in sea lions. However, only in rare cases have adenoviruses been detected in cetaceans, where no clear correlation was found between presence of the virus and disease status. CASE PRESENTATION A novel adenovirus was identified in four captive bottlenose dolphins with self-limiting gastroenteritis. Viral detection and identification were achieved by: PCR-amplification from fecal samples; sequencing of partial adenovirus polymerase (pol) and hexon genes; producing the virus in HeLa cells, with PCR and immunofluorescence detection, and with sequencing of the amplified pol and hexon gene fragments. A causative role of this adenovirus for gastroenteritis was suggested by: 1) we failed to identify other potential etiological agents; 2) the exclusive detection of this novel adenovirus and of seropositivity for canine adenoviruses 1 and 2 in the four sick dolphins, but not in 10 healthy individuals of the same captive population; and 3) the virus disappeared from feces after clinical signs receded. The partial sequences of the amplified fragments of the pol and hexon genes were closest to those of adenoviruses identified in sea lions with fatal adenoviral hepatitis, and to a Genbank-deposited sequence obtained from a harbour porpoise. CONCLUSION These data suggest that adenovirus can cause self-limiting gastroenteritis in dolphins. This adenoviral infection can be detected by serology and by PCR detection in fecal material. Lack of signs of hepatitis in sick dolphins may reflect restricted tissue tropism or virulence of this adenovirus compared to those of the adenovirus identified in sea lions. Gene sequence-based phylogenetic analysis supports a common origin of adenoviruses that affect sea mammals. Our findings suggest the need for vigilance against adenoviruses in captive and wild dolphin populations.

First molecular detection and characterization of herpesvirus and poxvirus in a Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens)

BACKGROUND Herpesvirus and poxvirus can infect a wide range of species: herpesvirus genetic material has been detected and amplified in five species of the superfamily Pinnipedia; poxvirus genetic material, in eight species of Pinnipedia. To date, however, genetic material of these viruses has not been detected in walrus (Odobenus rosmarus), another marine mammal of the Pinnipedia clade, even though anti-herpesvirus antibodies have been detected in these animals. CASE PRESENTATION In February 2013, a 9-year-old healthy captive female Pacific walrus died unexpectedly at L'Oceanografic (Valencia, Spain). Herpesvirus was detected in pharyngeal tonsil tissue by PCR. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the virus belongs to the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae. Poxvirus was also detected by PCR in skin, pre-scapular and tracheobronchial lymph nodes and tonsils. Gross lesions were not detected in any tissue, but histopathological analyses of pharyngeal tonsils and lymph nodes revealed remarkable lymphoid depletion and lymphocytolysis. Similar histopathological lesions have been previously described in bovine calves infected with an alphaherpesvirus, and in northern elephant seals infected with a gammaherpesvirus that is closely related to the herpesvirus found in this case. Intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies, consistent with poxviral infection, were also observed in the epithelium of the tonsilar mucosa. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first molecular identification of herpesvirus and poxvirus in a walrus. Neither virus was likely to have contributed directly to the death of our animal.

Detection and assessment of electrocution in endangered raptors by infrared thermography

BACKGROUND Most European birds of prey find themselves in a poor state of conservation, with electrocution as one of the most frequent causes of unnatural death. Since early detection of electrocution is difficult, treatment is usually implemented late, which reduces its effectiveness. By considering that electrocution reduces tissue temperature, it may be detectable by thermography, which would allow a more rapid identification. Three individuals from three endangered raptor species [Spanish imperial eagle (Aquila adalberti), Lammergeier (Gypaetus barbatus) and Osprey (Pandion haliaetus)] were studied thermographically from the time they were admitted to a rehabilitation centre to the time their clinical cases were resolved. CASES PRESENTATION The three raptors presented lesions lacking thermal bilateral symmetry and were consistent with electrocution of feet, wings and eyes, visible by thermography before than clinically; lesions were well-defined and showed a lower temperature than the surrounding tissue. Some lesions evolved thermally and clinically until the appearance of normal tissue recovered, while others evolved and became necrotic. A histopathological analysis of a damaged finger amputated off a Lammergeier, and the necropsy and histopathology examination of an osprey, confirmed the electrocution diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that thermography is effective and useful for the objective and early detection and monitoring of electrocuted birds, and that it may prove especially useful for examining live animals that require no amputation or cannot be subjected to invasive histopathology.

Unusual striped dolphin mass mortality episode related to cetacean morbillivirus in the Spanish Mediterranean sea

BACKGROUND In the last 20 years, Cetacean Morbillivirus (CeMV) has been responsible for many die-offs in marine mammals worldwide, as clearly exemplified by the two dolphin morbillivirus (DMV) epizootics of 1990-1992 and 2006-2008, which affected Mediterranean striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba). Between March and April 2011, the number of strandings on the Valencian Community coast (E Spain) increased. CASE PRESENTATION Necropsy and sample collection were performed in all stranded animals, with good state of conservation. Subsequently, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, conventional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Universal Probe Library (UPL) RT-PCR assays were performed to identify Morbillivirus. Gross and microscopic findings compatible with CeMV were found in the majority of analyzed animals. Immunopositivity in the brain and UPL RT-PCR positivity in seven of the nine analyzed animals in at least two tissues confirmed CeMV systemic infection. Phylogenetic analysis, based on sequencing part of the phosphoprotein gene, showed that this isolate is a closely related dolphin morbillivirus (DMV) to that responsible for the 2006-2008 epizootics. CONCLUSION The combination of gross and histopathologic findings compatible with DMV with immunopositivity and molecular detection of DMV suggests that this DMV strain could cause this die-off event.