Comparison of the effects of barbiturate, benzodiazepine and ketamine on visual evoked potentials in rabbits

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of barbiturate, benzodiazepine and ketamine on flash-evoked potentials (F-VEP) in adult rabbits. A total of 36 animals were studied, 16 after pentobarbital endovenous (EV) inffusion, 10 after midazolam EV administration, and 10 after ketamine EV inffusion. Pentobarbital induced triphasic F-VEP, first negative (N1), secondpositive (P1), third negative (N2) waves, all with large amplitudes and P1 with well-defined morphology. Mean P1 latency was 33ms. Midazolam induced similar but less defind triphasic waves, with mean latency of 27ms. Ketamine induced poliphasic and poorly defined F-VEP, with mean first positive (P1) latency of 27ms. Statistical analysis showed more elongated latency for the pentobarbital group than the midazolam and ketamine groups. The results of this study suggest that the pharmacological effects of pentobarbital and midazolam on GABA neurotransmission in rabbit visual cortex may be different; another neurotransmission system, possibly cholinergic, may be involved. The ketamine effect seen in rabbit visual cortex seems to be different from pentobarbital and midazolam.

Daytime variations in glucose tolerance in people with impaired glucose tolerance

To determine whether glucose tolerance varies throughout the day in people with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). We studied 15 healthy IGT, and 18 matched normal glucose tolerant (NGT) individuals. Blood samples were taken every 30-120 min during a 24 h period in which all individuals had three mixed meals and nocturnal sleep. We measured glucose, free fatty acids, specific insulin, intact proinsulin, cortisol and growth hormone. Variable responses were considered as concentrations and areas under the curves. Comparison between the groups was by Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney, and analysis of variance. Higher total glucose response, inappropriate normal total insulin response, and unproportionally increased proinsulin total response were observed in the IGT group. Lower glucose tolerance occurred in IGT after dinner, as in the NGT, and after breakfast associated with increased insulin response after breakfast, and similar proinsulin response after all three meals. IGT had higher glucose response than NGT after breakfast and lunch, similar insulin responses, and increased proinsulin-insulin ratio after all three meals. Data from this study demonstrate that IGT individuals present lower glucose tolerance in the evening, as those with NGT, and in the morning, as reported in patients with type 2 diabetes. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Estimation of spontaneous blinking main sequence in normal subjects and patients with Graves' upper eyelid retraction

Purpose. We quantified the main sequence of spontaneous blinks in normal subjects and Graves' disease patients with upper eyelid retraction using a nonlinear and two linear models, and examined the variability of the main sequence estimated with standard linear regression for 10-minute periods of time. Methods. A total of 20 normal subjects and 12 patients had their spontaneous blinking measured with the magnetic search coil technique when watching a video during one hour. The main sequence was estimated with a power-law function, and with standard and trough the origin linear regressions. Repeated measurements ANOVA was used to test the mean sequence stability of 10-minute bins measured with standard linear regression. Results. In 95% of the sample the correlation coefficients of the main sequence ranged from 0.60 to 0.94. Homoscedasticity of the peak velocity was not verified in 20% of the subjects and 25% of the patients. The power-law function provided the best main sequence fitting for subjects and patients. The mean sequence of 10-minute bins measured with standard linear regression did not differ from the one-hour period value. For the entire period of observation and the slope obtained by standard linear regression, the main sequence of the patients was reduced significantly compared to the normal subjects. Conclusions. Standard linear regression is a valid and stable approximation for estimating the main sequence of spontaneous blinking. However, the basic assumptions of the linear regression model should be examined on an individual basis. The maximum velocity of large blinks is slower in Graves' disease patients than in normal subjects. © 2013 The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc.

Patients' expectation and satisfaction with removable dental prosthesis therapy and correlation with patients' evaluation of the dentists

Objective. Considering that patients' satisfaction is one of the most important goals in conducting removable dental prosthesis (RDP) therapy and the fact that there are many factors which influence this parameter, the present study aims to evaluate the expectation before and satisfaction after therapy with RDP in patients who seek such therapy. As a secondary objective, other variables that may be associated with patient satisfaction are also evaluated, such as gender, age, Kennedy's classification of the arch supporting the RDP, the number of RDP adjustments after delivery and patients' evaluation of the dentists' conduct. Materials and methods. A sample of 44 patients who received RDP therapy were assigned visual analog scale scores for their expectation before and satisfaction after therapy regarding chewing, aesthetics, comfort and phonetics. They also completed a questionnaire concerning the dentists' conduct. Results. There was no statistically significant difference among scores concerning different genders, age, number of post-delivery settings and arch involved in the RDP. Regarding patients' evaluation of the dentists' conduct, there was a predominance of positive evaluations, but only different answers to the statement (i.e. 'The dentist I saw thoroughly explained the recommended treatment before it commenced') present statistically significant different scores for chewing (p = 0.040) and phonetics (p = 0.046). Conclusions. The average visual analog scale scores were high for both expectation prior to treatment and satisfaction after treatment; however, the scores for expectations were higher than those for satisfaction. © 2013 Informa Healthcare.

Sugestões para professores de orientação e mobilidade a partir de um estudo da marcha de alunos com deficiência visual

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Análise dos caminhos isotrópicos adotados por pessoas com deficiência visual em um curso de Educação a Distância na perspectiva inclusiva

Pós-graduação em Educação - FCT

Estratégias de ensino e recursos pedagógicos para o ensino do aluno com deficiência visual na atividade física adaptada

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Probabilidade de emergência de classes ordinais após o ensino de relações numéricas

O paradigma de equivalência de estímulos tem se mostrado útil na explicação de processos comportamentais complexos, como aqueles envolvidos em comportamentos conceituais numéricos. Vários estudos têm buscado a compreensão de como desempenhos sob controle da função de ordem são estabelecidos e mantidos. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar se classes ordinais poderiam emergir após o ensino por emparelhamento arbitrário e de produção de seqüência. Participaram do estudo três alunos com atraso no desenvolvimento. Os estímulos visuais foram formas abstratas indicando numerosidade (A), numerais cardinais (B)e nomes escritos em letras maiúsculas de numerais (C). As sessões experimentais foram conduzidas em uma sala da APAE-BELÉM e um software controlou e registrou os dados comportamentais. As relações AB/AC foram ensinadas e testou-se a emergência de três classes de equivalência. Em seguida, houve um ensino por encadeamento de respostas com estímulos de um dos conjuntos (A1A2A3) e uma sonda de seqüenciação. Então, foi avaliada a emergência de novas seqüências (B1B2B3 e C1C2C3). Posteriormente, testes de substitutabilidade foram aplicados para verificar a formação de classes ordinais (por exemplo: A1B2C3). Testes de generalização também foram apresentados para verificar se um responder envolvendo numerosidade ocorreria com novos estímulos (por exemplo: E1E2E3). Os resultados demonstraram que os participantes responderam a novas seqüências prontamente ou com emergência gradual. A análise de topografias de controle de estímulos envolvidas nesse tipo de tarefa mostrou-se útil para a compreensão da ordinalidade. Todos os participantes responderam a seqüências com novos estímulos (generalização). O procedimento mostrou-se também eficiente na transferência de funções ordinais em pessoas com atraso no desenvolvimento.

A inserção das pessoas com deficiência visual no mercado de trabalho: um estudo em empresas da Região Metropolitana de Belém no período de 2000 a 2006

Esta pesquisa investiga a inserção de pessoas com deficiência visual no mercado de trabalho, focalizando empresas privadas da Região Metropolitana de Belém no período de 2000 a 2006. O mercado de trabalho é compreendido, neste estudo, como um complexo sistema, resultante das regras predominantes da relação capital e trabalho, porém paralelamente, há mecanismos de inserção ancorados em critérios, nem sempre explícitos, que podem produzir resultados discriminatórios. A pesquisa teve como principal fonte, informações obtidas junto a empresas privadas da Região Metropolitana de Belém. Observa-se nesse período, uma tímida inserção das pessoas com deficiência visual no mercado de trabalho, assim como uma significativa disparidade entre a inserção de pessoas com baixa visão e a das cegas, sendo a presença destas, quase inexistente em empresas privadas da Região Metropolitana de Belém.

Prevalência da deficiência visual e fatores associados no município de Pratânia - SP

Pós-graduação em Bases Gerais da Cirurgia - FMB

Audiodescrição: um recurso de acessibilidade na televisão digital

Pós-graduação em Televisão Digital: Informação e Conhecimento - FAAC

Disease severity affects obstacle crossing in people with Parkinson's disease

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Stabilometric parameters analysis in children with visual disorder

Background: Although postural changes were already reported in blind adults, no previous study has investigated postural stability in blind children. Moreover, there are few studies which used a stabilometric instrument to measure postural balance. In this study we evaluated stabilometric paramaters in blind children. Methods: We evaluated children between 7 to 12 years old, they were divided into two groups: Blind (n = 11) and age-matched control (n = 11) groups by using computerized stabilometry. The stabilometric examination was performed taking the gravity centers displacement of the individual projected into the platform. Thirthy seconds after the period in which this information was collected, the program defined a medium-pressure center, which was used to define x and y axes displacement and the distance between the pressure center and the platform center. Furthermore, the average sway rate and the body sway area were obtained by dividing the pressure center displacement and the time spent on the task; and by an ellipse function (95% percentille), respectively. Percentages of anterior, posterior, left and right feet weight also were calculated. Variables were compared by using the Student’s t test for unpaired data. Significance level was considered for p <0.05. Results: Displacement of the x axis (25.55 ± 9.851 vs. -3.545 ± 7.667; p <0.05) and average sway rate (19.18 ± 2.7 vs. -10.55 ± 1.003; p <0.001) were increased in the blind children group. Percentage of left foot weight was reduced (45.82 ± 2.017 vs. 52.36 ± 1.33; p <0.05) while percentage of right foot weight was increased (54.18 ± 2.17 vs. 47.64 ± 1.33; p <0.05) in blind children. Other variables did not show differences. Conclusions: Blind children present impaired stabilometric parameters.

Auditory evoked potential: a proposal for further evaluation in children with learning disabilities

The information presented in this paper demonstrates the author's experience in previews cross-sectional studies conducted in Brazil, in comparison with the current literature. Over the last 10 years, auditory evoked potential (AEP) has been used in children with learning disabilities. This method is critical to analyze the quality of the processing in time and indicates the specific neural demands and circuits of the sensorial and cognitive process in this clinical population. Some studies with children with dyslexia and learning disabilities were shown here to illustrate the use of AEP in this population.

Desenvolvimento e aplicação de uma maquete sobre as leis de Kepler para inclusão de alunos com deficiência visual no ensino de física

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)