Influência de diferentes concentrações de flúor na água em indicadores epidemiológicos de saúde/doença bucal

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o acesso a fontes de fluoreto e as condições de saúde bucal de 237 escolares de nove a dezesseis anos, de três localidades com diferentes concentrações de fluoreto na água. O teor de flúor na água de cada região foi analisado pela técnica do eletrodo seletivo para o íon flúor e a foi avaliada prevalência de cárie e fluorose, respectivamente, pelo índice CPOD e TSIF, apresentando diferença estatisticamente significante (ANOVA; p < 0,05) nas três localidades: área sem fluoretação artificial (CPOD 5,32 ± 3,49) e 16% de fluorose; área com fluoretação artificial de 0,8 ppmF (CPOD 1,88 ± 2,22) e 94% de fluorose; área com fluoretação natural de 2,54 ppmF (CPOD 3,96 ± 2,38) e 100% de fluorose. Os achados sugerem que os indicadores epidemiológicos de saúde/doença bucal estudados são influenciados pela presença de fluoreto na água de consumo e que a supervisão e a orientação são fundamentais na correta utilização dos compostos fluoretados, aproveitando-se o máximo benefício no controle da cárie dentária com o mínimo risco de ocorrência de fluorose.

Não-preferência para alimentação de traça-das-crucíferas por genótipos de couve-flor

The feeding nonpreference of Plutella xylostella (L.) larvae was tested in regard to the cauliflower genotypes Barcelona, Verona, Piracicaba Precoce, Sharon, Silver Streak (hybrids) and Teresopolis Gigante (cultivar). Choice and no-choice tests were carried out at the laboratories of the Departamento de Fitossanidade, FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal, state of São Paulo, Brazil, to study attractiveness and dry mass consumption by 1st-instar (just hatched) and 4th-instar larvae for 24 hours. No significant difference was found for attractiveness in choice and no-choice tests, for both 1st-and 4th-instar larvae. The consumption of dry mass in both tests, with 1st-and 4th-instar larvae, showed a significant difference between genotypes only for 1st-instar larvae, the hybrid Silver Streak being the most consumed (3.72 mg) by P. xylostella larvae. The cauliflower genotypes tested presented no variation in attractiveness for 1st-instar (just hatched) and 4th-instar larvae and did not present nonpreference feeding resistance for P. xylostella larvae.

Evolução do peso corporal e desenvolvimento da mandíbula de ratos em função da administração de flúor.

The body weights evolution and the development of mandible were analyzed in rats that received 0.25 mg F contained into a commercial product, during 30 and 60 days consecutively, beginning at birth. The study presented the following conclusions: 1. The treated animals showed body weights always inferior to the controls, with more evident difference at 60 days period; 2. Analysis showed a reduction in the horizontal linear measurements, but not in the length of the mandibular diastem. No influence was observed in relation to the verticals.

Concentração de flúor e solubilidade em esmalte de dentes decíduos permanentes jovens após aplicações tópicas de soluções fluoretadas.

The aim of this article was to compare, through the distillation method, the incorporated amount of fluoride and the reduction of solubility in the enamel of both deciduous and young permanent teeth, following topical application of a 2% neutral sodium fluoride solution, according to the Knutson's technique and a 1.23% of acidulated solution, according to the Wellock & Brudevold's technique. The greatest fluoride incorporation was observed in the deciduous teeth after the usage of the 2% neutral solution. The amount of calcium and phosphorus liberation by the acid solution was greatest in the control group, followed by the group of teeth treated in acidulated solution and, finally, by those treated in 2% sodium fluoride solution.

Transferênce de metais pesados, flúor e radionuclídeos para solos agrícolas na bacia do rio Corumbataí (SP)

The use of phosphate fertilizers and amendments in sugar cane crops may increase the concentration of some elements in soils, from where they would become available for plants (principally in acid soils) and transferred to me human food chain. This paper reports the transference of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn), fluorine and radionuclides ( 238U, 234U, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K) from phosphate fertilizers and amendments to agricultural soils at Corumbatal River basin (SP). The products utilized and colleted in sugar cane crops at Corumbatai River basin are: phosphate fertilizers NPK 5:25:25 (two samples), limestones (three samples), phosphogypsum (two samples) and KCl (two samples). The heavy metals were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), fluorine by potentiometry and radionuclides by alpha and gamma spectrometry. Heavy metals (17.8, 31.2, 75.2, 69.5, 138.8, 114.9 and 342.9 g/ha of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and F, respectively) and radionuclides (0.47, 0.16, 0.17 and 6.33 Bq/kg of soil to 238U, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, respectively) incorporated in phosphate fertilizers and amendments are annually added in the sugar cane crops, but if utilized in accordance with the recommended rates, they do not raise the concentration levels in soils up to hazards values.

Concentração de flúor nas águas de abastecimento público de municípios da região noroeste do estado de São Paulo, Brasil

It may be difficult for small and medium cities to obtain information about the fluoride content of public water, because of the lack of equipments and technicians. This study aimed to analyze the fluoride levels of the water supplied by the public treatment stations of 40 cities situated in the northwest region of São Paulo State, during a period of 6 months, to verify if fluoridation occurs in a continuous manner and if the fluoride levels are within the recommended. Maps of the water distribution system were obtained from the water treatment companies and utilized to randomize the addresses of the collection sites, so that they included all regions with treated water sources. One water sample by month was collected and analyzed in duplicate using an ion-specific-electrode. Samples with 0.6 to 0.8 mgF/L were considered acceptable. In the 38 cities that regularly provided the samples in the 6 months of the study, water from 144 collection sites was collected and a total of 864 samples were analyzed, of which 61.81 percent were classified as unacceptable. It was observed that 33 cities performed fluoridation but in 78.79 percent of these cities there were variations in the fluoride level among the sites and in the same site during the period of study. One can conclude that most of these cities do not control the fluoride levels in the public water, since fluoridation occurs in a discontinuous manner and in most of the situations not within the recommended concentrations.

Potential anticariogênico de soluções aciduladas com baixa concentração flúor

Objetives: The aim of this study was to verify the anticariogenic effect of acidulate solutions with low NaF concentration, using pH-cycling model and bovine enamel. Material and methods: Enamel blocks were submitted to the surface microhardness (SMH) test and randomly divided in 12 experimental and one placebo groups. The blocks were submitted to pH cycling for 7 days, with daily applications once/day of 0.05% NaF and 0.1% NaF and twice/day of 0.02% NaF solutions. Four different pH: 4.0. 5.0, 6.0 and 7.0 were used. Next, SMH test was again used to determine the surface microhardness percentage change (%SMH). Data obtained for %SMH were homogeneous and passed through variance analyses and Tukey's test (5%) as far as fluoride concentrations and pH. Resulls:The results showed that pH influenced %SMH in 0.02% NaF and 0.05% NaF solutions with pH 4.0, which had less mineral loss compared to pH 7.0 (p̃0.05). The 0.02% NaF - pH 4.0, and 0.05% NaF- pH 7.0 groups showed similar results (p>0.05). A dose-response relationship was observed among the tested solutions, with better anticariogenic effect for the 0.1% NaF solution. Conclusion: The results suggest that the addition of citric acid to acidulate mouth rinses reduce mineral loss.

¿Derecho a la inclusión y paz social?: el programa para jefes y jefas de hogar desocupados de Argentina

Incluye Bibliografía

Pionero de la paz: Homenaje a Dag Hammarskjöld

En este libro se recogen los respetos brindados a este ilustre sueco en Santiago por destacadas personalidades de las relaciones internacionales, los derechos humanos y el derecho internacional. A través de ellos es posible hacerse una idea cabal de sus significativos aportes, su infatigable estilo de trabajo y la impronta que dejó como legado inspirador y desafío para las generaciones venideras.

Intercambio de información en las cadenas de suministro internacionales: el caso de la cadena de suministro de flor fresca cortada colombiana para la exportación

Incluye bibliografía

La gestión local, su administración, desafíos y opciones para el fortalecimiento productivo municipal en Caranavi, Departamento de La Paz, Bolivia

Incluye Bibliografía

Gestión urbana para el desarrollo sostenible de ciudades intermedias en el Departamento de La Paz, Bolivia

Incluye Bibliografía