A Variant in LDLR is Associated with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Background—Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common cardiovascular disease among older people and demonstrates significant heritability. In contrast to similar complex diseases, relatively few genetic associations with AAA have been confirmed. We reanalysed our genome-wide study and carried through to replication suggestive discovery associations at a lower level of significance.

Methods and Results—A genome-wide association study was conducted using 1,830 cases from the UK, New Zealand and Australia with infra-renal aorta diameter =30mm or ruptured AAA and 5,435 unscreened controls from the 1958 Birth Cohort and National Blood Service cohort from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium. Eight suggestive associations with P<1x10-4 were carried through to in silico replication in 1,292 AAA cases and 30,503 controls. One SNP associated with P<0.05 after Bonferroni correction in the in silico study underwent further replication (706 AAA cases and 1,063 controls from the UK, 507 AAA cases and 199 controls from Denmark and 885 AAA cases and 1,000 controls from New Zealand). Low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) rs6511720 A, was significantly associated overall and in three of five individual replication studies. The full study showed an association that reached genome-wide significance (odds ratio 0.76; 95% confidence interval 0.70 to 0.83; P=2.08x10-10).

Conclusions—LDLR rs6511720 is associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm. This finding is consistent with established effects of this variant on coronary artery disease. Shared aetiological pathways with other cardiovascular diseases may present novel opportunities for preventative and therapeutic strategies for AAA.

Interventions to prevent steroid-induced osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (Protocol)

This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows:

Primary objective: To assess the effects of interventions to delay or treat osteoporosis in DMD patients treated with glucocorticoid steroids.

Secondary objectives: To assess the effects of interventions to delay or treat osteoporosis in DMD on the frequency of vertebral fragility fractures and long bone fractures in DMD patients treated with glucocorticoid steroids.

Validation of a regional Indonesian seas model based on a comparison between model and INSTANT transports

The International Nusantara Stratification and Transport (INSTANT) program measured currents through multiple Indonesian Seas passages simultaneously over a three-year period (from January 2004 to December 2006). The Indonesian Seas region has presented numerous challenges for numerical modelers - the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) must pass over shallow sills, into deep basins, and through narrow constrictions on its way from the Pacific to the Indian Ocean. As an important region in the global climate puzzle, a number of models have been used to try and best simulate this throughflow. In an attempt to validate our model, we present a comparison between the transports calculated from our model and those calculated from the INSTANT in situ measurements at five passages within the Indonesian Seas (Labani Channel, Lifamatola Passage, Lombok Strait, Ornbai Strait, and Timor Passage). Our Princeton Ocean Model (POM) based regional Indonesian Seas model was originally developed to analyze the influence of bottom topography on the temperature and salinity distributions in the Indonesian seas region, to disclose the path of the South Pacific Water from the continuation of the New Guinea Coastal Current entering the region of interest up to the Lifamatola Passage, and to assess the role of the pressure head in driving the ITF and in determining its total transport. Previous studies found that this model reasonably represents the general long-term flow (seasons) through this region. The INSTANT transports were compared to the results of this regional model over multiple timescales. Overall trends are somewhat represented but changes on timescales shorter than seasonal (three months) and longer than annual were not considered in our model. Normal velocities through each passage during every season are plotted. Daily volume transports and transport-weighted temperature and salinity are plotted and seasonal averages are tabulated.

Asking the Critical Questions: An Evaluation of Social Work Students' Experiences in an International Placement

Preparing social work students for the demands of changing social environments and to promote student mobility and interest in overseas employment opportunities have resulted in an increasing demand for international social work placements. The literature describes numerous examples of social work programmes that offer a wide variety of international placements. However, research about the actual benefit of undertaking an overseas placement is scant with limited empirical evidence on the profile of students participating, their experience of the tasks offered, the supervisory practice and the outcomes for students' professional learning and career. This study contributes to the existing body of literature by exploring the relevance of international field placements for students and is unique in that it draws its sample from students who have graduated so provides a distinctive perspective in which to compare their international placement with their other placement/s as well as evaluating what were the benefits and drawbacks for them in terms of their careers, employment opportunities and current professional practice.

A pilot study to evaluate aflatoxin exposure in a rural Ugandan population

Objectives: The fungal metabolite aflatoxin is a common contaminant of foodstuffs, especially when stored in damp conditions. In humans, high levels can result in acute hepatic necrosis and death, while chronic exposure is carcinogenic. We conducted a pilot study nested within an existing population cohort (the General Population Cohort), to assess exposure to aflatoxin, among people living in rural south-western Uganda. Methods: Sera from 100 adults and 96 children under 3 years of age (85 male, 111 female) were tested for aflatoxin-albumin adduct (AF-alb), using an ELISA assay. Socio-demographic and dietary data were obtained for all participants; HIV serostatus was available for 90 adults and liver function tests (LFTs) for 99. Results: Every adult and all but four children had detectable AF-alb adduct, including five babies reported to be exclusively breastfed. Levels ranged from 0 to 237.7 pg/mg albumin and did not differ significantly between men and women, by age or by HIV serostatus; 25% had levels above 15.1 pg/mg albumin. There was evidence of heterogeneity between villages (P = 0.003); those closest to trading centres had higher levels. Adults who consumed more Matooke (bananas) had lower levels of AF-alb adduct (P = 0.02) than adults who did not, possibly because their diet contained fewer aflatoxin-contaminated foods such as posho (made from maize). Children who consumed soya, which is not grown locally, had levels of AF-alb adduct that were almost twice as high as those who did not eat soya (P = 0.04). Conclusions: Exposure to aflatoxin is ubiquitous among the rural Ugandans studied, with a significant number of people having relatively high levels. Sources of exposure need to be better understood to instigate practical and sustainable interventions. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Are early life factors considered when managing respiratory disease?:A British Thoracic Society survey of current practice

We hypothesised that early life events are not routinely considered by most respiratory specialists.

A Review of Service Provision for men aged 50+ (Belfast)

Friday 26th September 2014 saw the launch of a report which examines service provision for men aged 50+ in the greater-Belfast area. This research was undertaken by a team from Queen’s University Belfast on behalf of the Older Men’s Steering Group within Age Partnership Belfast. The research sought to: (i) review the extent and impact of current community, voluntary, statutory or private sector services which are aimed at combating social isolation among men in the Belfast area, and (ii) identify how these services are meeting current need, and ways in which they may be developed to meet future requirements. The report is now available online at: www.volunteernow.co.uk/fs/doc/publications/men-aged-50-final-report.pdf