A estrutura produtiva da soja e seus impactos: um quadro comparativo entre Paraguai, Argentina e Uruguai

The presented text aims to evaluate the causes that led to the formation of the current agrarian structure in Paraguay, Argentina and Uruguay as well as the characteristics of the agro-export model that takes place in these countries, which is based on production and export of soybeans. Because of its contemporary importance and represent the bulk of agricultural production in the countries under study, is established the objective of identifying the particularities and commonalities between these soybean production, with regard to its production structure and the benefits and impacts generated by this. Finally, statistical historical data are presented, enabling this comparison, showing the development and crucial moments for the establishment of the current standard

Identifica����o e diagn��stico dos impactos ambientais ocorridos nos cursos d'��gua localizados na faixa oeste da Floresta Estadual Edmundo Navarro de Andrade (Rio Claro-SP)

Desde a d��cada de 1930, com o crescimento da malha urbana do munic��pio de Rio Claro, a Floresta Estadual ���Edmundo Navarro de Andrade��� (FEENA), sofre v��rios tipos de press��es sobre seu patrim��nio. O presente trabalho traz uma pesquisa realizada e em dois cursos d�����gua localizados na faixa oeste da Floresta Estadual ���Edmundo Navarro de Andrade���, com a finalidade de identificar e diagnosticar alguns impactos ambientais negativos que ocorrem nestes cursos e quais os efeitos causados por estes impactos nos ambientes formados pelo c��rrego Lavap��s e pelo Ribeir��o Claro, bem como, apontar dados sobre a percep����o do visitante da Unidade de Conserva����o frente a esta situa����o ambiental referentes �� deteriora����o de um importante patrim��nio paisag��stico natural e cultural

Impactos de atividades de explora����o de petr��leo e g��s natural sobre a comunica����o ac��stica de Mysticeti (ordem Cetacea): uma revis��o

Acoustic communication is essential in mammals and has three main functions: acquisition of information about the environment, intraspecific communication and detection of predators and prey. Studies indicate that the introduction of sounds produced by anthropogenic activities such as military exercises, use of sonar and activities related to the extraction of oil and natural gas can cause interference in cetacean communication. Recently, the discovery of pre-salt tends to increase these activities. After a decade since the launch date of IBAMA`s licensing and before the imminent increase in exploration activities in Brazil, it is essential to conduct studies to monitor closely the impact of this type of activity on the marine ecosystem. Thus, this study aims to identify potential impacts that the process of oil and natural gas exploration and production might have on the communication of baleen whales. Data from literature on bioacoustics and ecology of these animals were linked with technical-scientific data regarding this type of activity. 310 documents related to the topic were analyzed. Among them only 81 documents are of academic origin, and the others mostly action plans and reports from government agencies. 80% of the documents do not have any species as a focus, and in the remaining 20%, 17% were focused on the Greenland Whale (Balaena mysticetus) and 22% on the gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus). The main impacts identified in this study were the increased frequency and amplitude of vocalization, reduction or cessation of more elaborate songs and masking problems

Sensoriamento remoto e Sistemas de Informa����es Geogr��ficas (SIG) na an��lise dos impactos referentes �� cultura canavieira e reflorestamento: a subtra����o dos biomas nativos no munic��pio de Itirapina-SP

The main objective of this study was to perform a temporal analysis of land use and cover of Itirapina ��� S��o Paulo estate, Brazil, for 1962, 2000 and 2008 scenarios, indicating the rate of change in native vegetation and contextualizing its modifications. Based on photointerpretation performed by supervised classification using the method of Bhattacharya, the thematic classes were mapped and characterized in an area equivalent to 56400 hectares. Using remote sensing technologies and geographic information systems, was structured and implemented a georeferenced and relational database, allowing the analysis of the size of the area occupied. The results showed that the expansion of cultivation of cane sugar and reforestation in the past 45 years has been conditioned the fragmentation of natural vegetation cover in the city, which fell by 34793 ha (61,7%) in 1962 to 9765,2 ha (17,3%) in 2008, with the loss of 25027,8 hectares.

An��lise de ocorr��ncias dos impactos pluviais na ��rea urbana de Rio Claro (SP)

The Urbanization is a notable process in our society, being part of it since around 3500 BC in Mesopotamia, currently Iraq area. Since the Industrial Revolution, cities had a significant increase in their growth and began to concentrate increasingly labor and capital. Brazil, despite having had a late industrialization, also had a high population growth in cities, especially in the XVIII century, which were not provided with any kind of planning that targets the ordering and implementation of the urban essential apparatus. Therefore, Brazilian cities started to exhibit countless structural and environmental problems. Associated with inadequate infrastructure, the modifications in the urban atmosphere, like increased heat, air pollution and increased rainfall and storm frequency, cause different types of impacts in cities. Among the most worrisome are those from the intense rain, which cause human and material damage. The city of Rio Claro (SP) can be considered an example of this reality. Thereby, the objective of this study was to analyze the impacts on the population originated from rainfall in the urban area during the period 2005-2010, by the mapping of events and analysis of the active atmospheric systems. The information of the events were collected in the Fire Department and the Press and the synoptic maps were obtained in the library of INPE, in Cachoeira Paulista (SP) and in the site of the Navy of Brazil. The data showed that among 247 occurrences, during the six years, 233 occurred in the spring-summer period. Moreover, after finalizing the maps, it was found the locations considered critical regarding the frequency of occurrences, as: Visconde do Rio Claro Avenue and central area of the city, both with a total of 23 occurrences; Jardim Inocoop, with 20; Tancredo Neves Avenue, with 12 and Vila Paulista, with 10 occurrences. Through the graphs, it was found that the most recurrent atmospheric system, during the studied period, is...

Impactos e caracter��sticas nos projetos hidrel��tricos Sul-americanos: o caso de Inambari no Peru, o investimento brasileiro e a lei de consulta pr��via, 2006-2011

Esta pesquisa trata de um grande projeto hidrel��trico, Inambari, que estava se transformando em realidade como parte de acordos entre o governo do Brasil no seg��ndo per��odo de Lula (2006-2010) e do governo peruano de Alan Garcia ��� AG (2006-2011). Inambari �� um dos mais recentes projetos hidrel��tricos peruanos feitos para exportar ao Brasil. Mas, apesar de formar parte de um acordo entre esses pa��ses, por agora est�� detido devido a protestos e mobiliza����es da popula����o dos territ��porios de Inambari contra a pol��tica hegem��nica de AG. Analogamente ao caso da estrada Interoce��nica Sul, a constru����o e opera����o da Usina Inambari pode ser entendida como um caso emblem��tico no cen��rio Latino Americano atual. Esta n��o seria apenas o maior projeto hidrel��trico da amaz��nia peruana, custando aproximadamente 4 bilh��es de dolares e prometendo um potencial de gera����o de energia el��trica de cerca de 2.200 MW para exportar ao Brasil por ano, mas tamb��m concretizaria o v��nculo energ��tico estrat��gico entre estes dois pa��ses atrav��s de um complexo de usinas e linhas de transmiss��o interconectados. Para sua concretiza����o se conta com o amparo financeiro e legislativo dos dois governos e suas institui����es de fomento, al��m de institui����es de internacionais de investimento (como o BID e o BM) e do capital internacional (este ��tlimo proveniente principalmente de empreiteiras brasileiras benefici��rias do modelo de concess��es federais). Aqui se estudam os potenciais impactos na economia amaz��nica do modelo vigente de explora����o de recursos naturais h��dricos amaz��nicos atrav��s do caso INAMBARI. A conclus��o aponta que inexist��ncia de participa����o popular como o maior entrave ao desenvolvimento amaz��nico e tenta explicar a novaconfigura����o dos movimentos sociais que buscam voz para os povos da Amaz��nia bem como o pioneirismo peruano em rela����o a lei de consulta pr��via

Impactos pluviais na cidade de Presidente Prudente-SP

Os eventos extremos pluviom��tricos quando ocorrem em cidades sem um pr��vio planejamento capaz de suportar tais epis��dios, trazem certo desconforto para a popula����o e seu habitual modo de vida. Os impactos registrados nos ambientes urbanos est��o associados, na maioria das vezes, �� inadequa����o do uso e ocupa����o do solo urbano. Assim, atrav��s deste estudo buscou-se analisar os impactos deflagrados por eventos de precipita����o na cidade de Presidente Prudente, baseando-se principalmente no referencial te��rico-metodol��gico Sistema Clima Urbano, em especial, no Subsistema Hidrodin��mico, proposto por Monteiro (1976). Assim, procurou-se analisar os transtornos que ocorreram na din��mica socioambiental da cidade durante os eventos de precipita����o mais expressivos. Para isto foram analisados os dados quantitativos da Esta����o Meteorol��gica da FCT/UNESP de Presidente Prudente e tamb��m dados qualitativos por meio dos registros dos jornais da cidade. Para as an��lises quantitativas foram utilizados os dados da esta����o meteorol��gica do per��odo de 1969 a 2009, e para as an��lises qualitativas foi considerado este mesmo per��odo. Atrav��s desse estudo, foi poss��vel conhecer e estudar a distribui����o espacial dos problemas sociais e ambientais deflagrados pela precipita����o no ambiente urbano de Presidente Prudente e tamb��m entender a din��mica desses impactos. Portanto, com este estudo pretende-se contribuir com os ��rg��os p��blicos de gest��o urbana para que eles possam tomar medidas preventivas para diminuir os impactos em ��poca de chuvas intensas, visando assim, �� melhoria da qualidade de vida

Iniciativa para integra����o da infraestrutura regional Sul-americana (IIRSA): a constru����o do complexo do Rio Madeira e seus impactos socioambientais

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An��lise geomorfol��gica e de impactos ambientais da microbacia do C��rrego Wenzel - Rio Claro/SP

This study aimed to survey and analyze the geomorphological aspects of watershed stream Wenzel in Rio Claro, as well as anthropogenic incidents about which he eventually causing serious environmental impacts. All these changes in the natural environment are generated from the constant development of the urban environment, which ends up leaving aside factors relevant to the natural order and that over time they become problems to humans. As various forms of environmental degradation occurring on some form of relief, geomorphology can make a major contribution in this field, since the analysis of the hydrographic network can lead to understanding and explanation of numerous geomorphological issues because the waterways are process morphogenetic the most active in the terrestrial landscape sculpture. The research with a systems approach and vision interrelated aspects in question may even serve as a basis for practical planning and urban management, in addition to detailed study of the area, which is of paramount importance to the local society

An��lise dos impactos do Programa Bolsa Fam��lia: redistribui����o de renda ou assistencialismo?

Esta monografia trata da quest��o do Programa Bolsa Fam��lia desenvolvido pelo governo Lu��s In��cio Lula da Silva. O objetivo �� analisar se o programa tem capacidade de reduzir a pobreza no pa��s. Esta dividida em tr��s cap��tulos. O primeiro aborda a quest��o da pobreza no Brasil, apontando em dados qual �� a magnitude desta. O segundo cap��tulo exp��e o programa apontando as origens, caracter��sticas e o debate acad��mico. Por fim o terceiro capitulo faz uma an��lise do impacto do programa e as poss��veis possibilidades de a����o deste como pol��tica social de redu����o da pobreza

Gasolina, g��s natural e etanol: compara����o dos principais impactos ambientais da produ����o ao consumo final

N��o dispon��vel.

Sensibilidade ambiental fluvial a derrames de ��leo e biocombust��vel: vulnerabilidade e impactos �� mastofauna

O trabalho apresentado �� constitu��do de dois cap��tulos distintos, ambos com preocupa����o recorrente de realizar uma ci��ncia que tenha interface com a realidade, uma Ecologia aplic��vel ��s quest��es e demandas da sociedade contempor��nea como ferramenta para compreender a realidade, mediar conflitos. No cap��tulo I - Integrando o meio f��sico, biol��gico e s��cioecon��mico na proposi����o de novos ��ndices de Sensibilidade Ambiental (ISA) propomos o desenvolvimento de ��ndices que combinem aspectos bi��ticos, socioecon��micos e ecol��gicos como: a) ��ndice de Sensibilidade Ambiental Biol��gico (ISAB), pautado na comunidade de mam��feros de m��dio e grande porte; b) ��ndice de Sensibilidade Ambiental Socioecon��mico (ISASE), composto pelo tipo de atividade econ��mica e pelas caracter��sticas da comunidade do entorno e c) ��ndice de Sensibilidade Ambiental Ecol��gico (ISAEc). No cap��tulo II - Contribui����o da ��rea do fragmento e dos corredores ecol��gicos para a comunidade de mam��feros de m��dio e grande porte das matas ciliares, ressaltamos a import��ncia da Ecologia da Paisagem para a presen��a/aus��ncia de esp��cies de mam��feros de m��dio e grande porte. Quais correla����es s��o relevantes e como as m��tricas da paisagem t��m influ��ncia sobre a comunidade da mastofauna. H�� a clara inten����o de compreender a realidade e propor solu����es para as problem��ticas modernas visando o bem estar da sociedade e a conserva����o e preserva����o da biota

Utiliza����o de t��cnicas de geoprocessamento para monitoramento de atividades de minera����o ao longo de dutos: poliduto Rio de Janeiro/Minas Gerais

The transportation of oil through polyducts implies a concern related to safety and environmental impacts they may cause, especially when exposed to risks that affect their integrity. Among the various anthropogenic activities included in this scenario, mining can aggravate, increase the risks and degrade the environment. Since these polyducts go through significant extensions, remote sensing has great applicability as a tool for data acquisition. For this, change detection techniques were used to monitor mining activities in a defined study area in the state of Rio de Janeiro, along the duct ORBEL. The characterization of the study area and the mining activities were developed through bibliographical data. The satellite images processing and the application of change detection technique were performed in two scenes for the years 2002 and 2010. The growth in the mining area was about 6.67 times and it was possible to identify types of extraction involved which can represent direct risks to the pipeline

Diagn��stico dos riscos e impactos ambientais da suinocultura no Ribeir��o dos Pinheirinhos, munic��pio de Torrinha, (SP)

The porcine activity is characterized by its great pollution capacity, generally produce loads of waste that usually are released in superficial water or soil without concern for the consequences to the environment. With this in mind, this study aimed to adjust the porcine production to the protection of water resources, in particular, Ribeir��o dos Pinheirinhos in the town of Torrinha (SP), through inventory and diagnosis of the environmental impacts already present and environmental hazards linked to the activity in question. To achieve the proposed objectives, the productions of porcine on the studied area were raised and georeferenced, viewed and analyzed according to the technical and scientific literature. The production visited showed to be at odds with the protection of water resources due to lack of technical criteria in the development of treatment systems and waste handling, indiscriminate use of effluent and waste in the fertilization of crops and the lack of knowledge of producers on the influence of porcine waste into the environment. Based on these results, were set guidelines for action in the environmental awareness of farmers, to stimulate voluntary and conscious initiatives of environmental conservation in the direction of settlement of the activity.

Os impactos da crise financeira sobre as finan��as p��blicas do estado do Piau��

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo compreender os impactos e os ajustes ocorridos nas finan��as dos munic��pios do Estado do Piau�� em decorr��ncia da crise financeira mundial de 2008, desencadeada a partir do mercado de hipotecas sub-prime dos Estados Unidos. Para a an��lise desses impactos sobre os munic��pios do Piau��, pretendo estudar as principais caracter��sticas da crise financeira mundial de 2008, apresentar uma vis��o ampla do desenvolvimento econ��mico e social do estado do Piau��, elaborar um quadro geral das finan��as dos munic��pios piauienses a partir de suas principais contas, montar indicadores fiscal-financeiros, do per��odo pr�� e p��s crise, avaliar os resultados obtidos e identificar se houveram estrat��gias de ajustes por parte destes munic��pios. Desta forma, farei uma reflex��o n��o s�� de como, quanto e se sofreu o estado de menor renda per capita do Pa��s, mas tamb��m de quais foram as medidas tomadas pelas administra����es municipais para o enfrentamento da crise