Strength indices of the proximal femur and shaft in prepubertal female gymnasts

Introduction/Purpose: The role of impact loading activity on bone mass is well established; however, there are little data on the effects of exercise on bone geometry and indices of bone strength. The primary purpose of this study was to compare indices of bone strength at the proximal femur (PF) between elite premenarcheal gymnasts (N = 30) and age-matched controls (N = 30). Methods: Structural properties of the proximal femur were derived from the hip analyses program and included measurement of subperiosteal width, endosteal diameter, cross-sectional area, bone mineral density, cross-section moment of inertia (CSMI), and section modulus (Z). These parameters were measured for two regions of the PF: the narrow neck (NN), and the shaft (S). In addition, a strength index (S-SI) was calculated at the shaft by dividing the Z at the shaft by the femur length. A secondary purpose was to compare bone mineral content (BMC) values at the total body, lumbar spine, and three sites at the PF (neck, trochanter, and total) between the groups. All dependent values were compared adjusting for height and weight using an ANCOVA procedure and for relative lean body mass post hoc. Results: The gymnasts had significantly greater size-adjusted strength indices (CSMI, Z, and SI) at the NN and S. Gymnasts also had significantly greater size-adjusted BMC at all sites investigated. However, these differences disappeared when adjusted for relative lean body mass. Conclusion: When adjusted for body size, gymnasts had significantly greater indices of both axial strength and bending strength at the NN region of the PF and S, as well as a greater bone SI at the femoral shaft. These differences may be related to greater relative lean body mass attained in gymnastics training.

ENCONTROS E DESENCONTROS NA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA ESCOLAR: UM ESTUDO SOBRE O CORPO E O EROTISMO FEMININO

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo central examinar os espaços do corpo feminino na Educação Física, na sua modalidade escolar e sua dimensão erótica, à medida que este tema esclarece a prática docente na Educação Física. Com essa abordagem foi possível perceber com maior clareza a relação feminino-masculino no âmbito da prática e da formação docente. A partir do papel que o erotismo possui na relação homem-mulher, levantamos a seguinte hipótese: o componente erótico ressalta a contextualização masculinizada e masculinizadora da área da Educação Física. De natureza bibliográfica, a pesquisa retoma o momento de cientifização da Educação Física e passa pela institucionalização escolar em busca da caracterização de suas práticas escolares. Todo esse percurso visa mostrar a concepção e estruturação masculinizada da Educação Física e mostrar a inclusão da mulher num universo já definido previamente. O tema do erotismo mostra sua importância em nossa análise, pois permite perceber o quanto a mulher docente cede a essa masculinização massiva. Não somente assimila, mas a transmite por meio de sua prática escolar. O trabalho é composto de três capítulos: o primeiro trata da cientificidade da Educação Física, o segundo da sua institucionalização e o terceiro capítulo, mais teórico, analisa os dois momentos desta área.(AU)

Stress Urinary Incontinence in Female Athletes

Objective: The purpose of this study is to educate allied health professionals and female athletes of the anatomy of the pelvic floor, and the pathology, etiology, and prevalence of stress urinary incontinence in female athletes. Background: Urinary incontinence is not a life-threatening or dangerous condition, but it is socially embarrassing, may cause the individual to remove herself from social situations, and decrease quality of life. While typically associated with parous women who had vaginal delivery, research has shown prevalence of the condition in physically active women of all ages. Stress urinary incontinence has shown to lead to withdrawal from participation in high-impact activities such as gymnastics, aerobics, and running. It may be considered a barrier for life-long athletics participation in women. Description: An in-depth introduction to the cause and origin of stress urinary incontinence including review of the female pelvic floor anatomy and prevalence of stress urinary incontinence in the female athletic population. Clinical Advantages: Athletic trainers and other allied health professionals will develop an understanding of the multiple mechanisms that cause stress urinary incontinence. Clinician competency of the dynamics and mechanism of urinary incontinence prepares the individual to learn diagnostics, prevention, pharmacological intervention, and treatment of this pathology.

Olga Korbut

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Gymnast form

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Young gymnasts

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

USSR Gymnast

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Young gymnasts

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Gymnast Olga Korbut at Madison Square Gardens

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Canadian gymnast Sherry Hawco at Madison Square Garden

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Young gymnasts

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Gymnast at Madison Square Garden

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Olga Korbut

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

USSR Gymnast

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Gymnast Olga Korbut at Madison Square Gardens

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.