Levantamento do controle de qualidade de calibradores de dose de radiofármacos em serviços de medicina nuclear na cidade de São Paulo

OBJETIVO: Realizar levantamento sobre quais testes de controle de qualidade são realizados nos calibradores de dose dos serviços de medicina nuclear da cidade de São Paulo, SP. Estudar a exatidão das medições de atividade de sete calibradores de dose no Laboratório de Calibração de Instrumentos do Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, usando fontes de radionuclídeos importantes clinicamente. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: O levantamento sobre o controle de qualidade foi realizado a partir de questionários enviados aos serviços. Foram utilizados, no estudo de exatidão dos sete calibradores de dose, fontes de Ga-67, Tc-99m e Tl-201 e um instrumento padrão secundário. RESULTADOS: Os resultados do levantamento sobre os testes de controle de qualidade mostraram algumas impropriedades, por exemplo, a falta da realização diária do teste de reprodutibilidade por todos os serviços. Os resultados do teste de exatidão para os sete calibradores de dose estudados mostraram-se dentro do limite de aceitação da norma nacional (±10%). CONCLUSÃO: A situação com relação ao controle de qualidade de calibradores de dose é insatisfatória, de acordo com o pequeno número de serviços que participaram do levantamento. O estudo da exatidão em sete calibradores de dose não indicou falhas de desempenho e estabeleceu uma calibração desses instrumentos para as fontes utilizadas.

Gibberellic acid signaling is required for ambient temperature-mediated induction of flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Distinct molecular mechanisms integrate changes in ambient temperature into the genetic pathways that govern flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana. Temperature-dependent eviction of the histone variant H2A.Z from nucleosomes has been suggested to facilitate the expression of FT by PIF4 at elevated ambient temperatures. Here we show that, in addition to PIF4, PIF3 and PIF5, but not PIF1 and PIF6, can promote flowering when expressed specifically in phloem companion cells (PCC), where they can induce FT and its close paralog, TSF. However, despite their strong potential to promote flowering, genetic analyses suggest that the PIF genes seem to have only a minor role in adjusting flowering in response to photoperiod or high ambient temperature. In addition, loss of PIF function only partially suppressed the early flowering phenotype and FT expression of the arp6 mutant, which is defective in H2A.Z deposition. In contrast, the chemical inhibition of gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis resulted in a strong attenuation of early flowering and FT expression in arp6. Furthermore, GA was able to induce flowering at low temperature (15°C) independently of FT, TSF, and the PIF genes, probably directly at the shoot apical meristem. Together, our results suggest that the timing of the floral transition in response to ambient temperature is more complex than previously thought and that GA signaling might play a crucial role in this process.

Experimental Identification of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Strains L20 and JL03 Heptosyltransferases, Evidence for a New Heptosyltransferase Signature Sequence.

We experimentally identified the activities of six predicted heptosyltransferases in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae genome serotype 5b strain L20 and serotype 3 strain JL03. The initial identification was based on a bioinformatic analysis of the amino acid similarity between these putative heptosyltrasferases with others of known function from enteric bacteria and Aeromonas. The putative functions of all the Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae heptosyltrasferases were determined by using surrogate LPS acceptor molecules from well-defined A. hydrophyla AH-3 and A. salmonicida A450 mutants. Our results show that heptosyltransferases APL_0981 and APJL_1001 are responsible for the transfer of the terminal outer core D-glycero-D-manno-heptose (D,D-Hep) residue although they are not currently included in the CAZY glycosyltransferase 9 family. The WahF heptosyltransferase group signature sequence [S(T/S)(GA)XXH] differs from the heptosyltransferases consensus signature sequence [D(TS)(GA)XXH], because of the substitution of D(261) for S(261), being unique.

Estudo arqueométrico de cerâmicas do Sítio Guará, Goiás, Brasil

There is no evidence of urban civilization in Brazilian prehistory; most inhabitants lived in tribal groupings, probably with regional economic integration among several independent tribes. There is little evidence of seasonal migrations between the coast and the inland of southern Brazil. Some specialized horticulturists competed among themselves but other groups lived more isolated and probably peacefully, in the upper interfluvial regions. Chemical analysis of artifacts is a means of documenting traffic in particular materials and intraregional production and distribution, development of craft specialization and typological refinement among other issues. In this study we tested some possibilities in two different cultural contexts using the parametric k0 neutron activation analysis technique, which allowed the determination of elements: Al, As, Au, Ce, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Ga, K, La, Na, Rb, Sc, Ta, Ti, V and Zn.

Estudo do estado fundamental de aglomerados de silício via redes neurais

We introduce a global optimization method based on the cooperation between an Artificial Neural Net (ANN) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). We have used ANN to select the initial population for the GA. We have tested the new method to predict the ground-state geometry of silicon clusters. We have described the clusters as a piling of plane structures. We have trained three ANN architectures and compared their results with those of pure GA. ANN strongly reduces the total computational time. For Si10, it gained a factor of 5 in search speed. This method can be easily extended to other optimization problems.

Viologeenit sensorimateriaaleissa

Pro gradu -työn taustalla oli selvittää sähkökemiallisella polymeroinnilla tuotetun viologeenikalvon anioniselektiivisyyttä. Polymerointi toteutettiin sekä staattisella kennosysteemillä että suihkuvirtauskennolla (engl. wall-jet) käyttäen 1,3,5-tris-(N-metyyli-4-syanopyridinium)-2,4,6-trimetyylitribromidi-, trans-1,2-bis-(karbamoyyli-para-metyylisyano-pyridinium)-sykloheksaanidibromidi- ja 1,3-bis-[4-(para-metyylisyanopyridinium)-fenyyli-tioureido]-ksyleenidibromidilähtöaineita. Platina- ja kultasubstraateille muodostettuja viologeenikalvoja tutkittiin voltammetrisesti (CV), kronoamperometrisesti (CA), konduktometrisesta (GA) sekä kvartsikidemikrovaakaa (QCMB) apuna käyttäen. Tulosten perusteella polymeerirakenteet omasivat anionikaviteetteja mutta affiniteetit eri anionien väillä eivät korreloineet täydellisesti sähkökemiallisessa generoinnissa käytettyjen muotti-ionien kanssa. Selektiivisyyteen todennäköisesti vaikuttivat myös liuosfaasissa olleiden ionisten molekyylien ja solvatoituneiden anionien poolisuus ja hydraattiverhon koko. Lisäksi polymeroitujen viologeenien anionivakansseista suurin osa todettiin inaktiivisiksi. Kirjallisuuskatsauksen perusteella substituoidut γ,γ’-bipyridyylit ovat materiaaleina lupaavia ja yleisen sensoriteknologian mielenkiinnon kohteena mm. aurinkokennoissa, biosensoreissa ja elektronin delokalisaatioon perustuvissa värinäytöissä (ECD). Ongelmina löydetyissä sovellutuksissa ovat olleet bipyridyylien vuotaminen liuokseen, katalyyttisesti verraten hitaat elektroninsiirtoreaktiot ja yhdisteiden myrkyllisyys. Vastaavasti etuja ovat olleet polymeerien intensiiviset värit, väriskaalan muokattavuus, sähkökemiallisesti tuotetun radikaalikationin stabiilius vesiliuoksessa, katalyyttinen aktiivisuus ja helppo synteesireitti syanopyridiinilähtöaineista.

Swarm Intelligent Selection and Optimization of Machining System Parameters for Microchannel Fabrication in Medical Devices

Current technology trends in medical device industry calls for fabrication of massive arrays of microfeatures such as microchannels on to nonsilicon material substrates with high accuracy, superior precision, and high throughput. Microchannels are typical features used in medical devices for medication dosing into the human body, analyzing DNA arrays or cell cultures. In this study, the capabilities of machining systems for micro-end milling have been evaluated by conducting experiments, regression modeling, and response surface methodology. In machining experiments by using micromilling, arrays of microchannels are fabricated on aluminium and titanium plates, and the feature size and accuracy (width and depth) and surface roughness are measured. Multicriteria decision making for material and process parameters selection for desired accuracy is investigated by using particle swarm optimization (PSO) method, which is an evolutionary computation method inspired by genetic algorithms (GA). Appropriate regression models are utilized within the PSO and optimum selection of micromilling parameters; microchannel feature accuracy and surface roughness are performed. An analysis for optimal micromachining parameters in decision variable space is also conducted. This study demonstrates the advantages of evolutionary computing algorithms in micromilling decision making and process optimization investigations and can be expanded to other applications

Variabilidade espacial e sazonal da concentração de elementos-traço em sedimentos do sistema estuarino de Santos-Cubatão (SP)

Multi-element analyses of sediment samples from the Santos-Cubatão Estuarine System were carried out to investigate the spatial and seasonal variability of trace-element concentrations. The study area contains a rich mangrove ecosystem that is a habitat for tens of thousands of resident and migratory birds, some of them endangered globally. Enrichments of metals in fine-grained surface sediments are, in decreasing order, Hg, Mn, La, Ca, Sr, Cd, Zn, Pb, Ba, Cu, Cr, Fe, Nb, Y, Ni and Ga, relative to pre-industrial background levels. The maximum enrichment ranged from 49 (Hg) to 3.1 (Ga). Mercury concentrations were greater in the Cubatão river than in other sites, while the other elements showed greater concentrations in the Morrão river. Concentrations of Mn were significantly greater in winter and autumn than in summer and spring. However, other elements (e.g. Cd and Pb) showed the opposite, with greater concentrations in summer and spring. This study suggests that seasonal changes in physical and chemical conditions may affect the degree of sediment enrichment and therefore make the assessment of contamination difficult. Consequently, these processes need to be considered when assessing water quality and the potential contamination of biota.

Identification of acetates in elasmopalpulus lignosellus pheromone glands using a newly created mass spectral database and kóvats retention indices

Based on a specially created mass spectral database utilizing 23 tetradecenyl and 22 hexadecenyl acetate standards along with Kóvats retention indices obtained on a very polar stationary phase [poly (biscyanopropyl siloxane)] (SP 2340), (Z)-9-hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate and (E)-8-hexadecenyl acetate were identified in active pheromone extracts of Elasmopalpus lignosellus. This identification was more efficient than our previous study using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with a dimethyl disulfide derivative where we could only identify the first two acetates. The acetate composition of the pheromone gland differed from region to region in Brazil and from that from the Tifton (GA, USA) population, suggesting polymorphism or a different sub-species.

Preparação e caracterização de blendas de quitosana/poli(álcool vinílico) reticuladas quimicamente com glutaraldeído para aplicação em engenharia de tecido

In this study, novel Chitosan/PVA based films were chemically crosslinked by glutaraldehyde, under pH=(4,00 ±0,05), in order to achieve structures tailored for wound tissue engineering applications. Both precursors and developed films were characterized by FTIR, SEM and XRD in order to determine the presence of chemicals groups and nanostructural order, respectively. The results have shown that the glutaraldehyde crosslinking have altered the crystallinity of pure chitosan and the increase on the C=N bands and simultaneous decrease on NH2 bands suggested that Chitosan/GA crosslinking has preference to occur in carbon-2 of the saccharide ring by the Schiff's base reaction. Also, FTIR spectroscopy clearly showed that crosslinking has also taken place with blends of PVA and chitosan. The mechanical properties presented high degree dependence with on the increase of the content of chitosan and glutaraldehyde. The results have indicated that, by controlling the ratio [PVA]/[chitosan] in the blends and the extent of chemical crosslinking, it was possible to tailor the hybrid network produced aiming to obtain properties of interest for the specific application.

Obtenção e caracterização de α-quitina e quitosanas de cascas de Macrobrachium rosembergii

The shells of Macrobrachium rosenbergii were submitted to deproteinization (Dp) and demineralization (Dm) aiming the extraction of α-chitin. The different parts of the shells were processed independently by carrying out sequence 1 (Dp/Dm) and sequence 2 (Dm/Dp). Both sequences allowed the extraction of chitins with low contents of calcium and magnesium, regardless of the part being processed. The sequence 1 lead to higher extraction yields while sequence 2 resulted in lower contents of inorganic compounds. Extensively deacetylated chitosans (GA<10%) of medium molecular weight (0,9 x 10(5) < Mv < 2 x 10(5) g/mol) resulted from the deacetylation of chitin.

Polarizabilidades e primeira hiperpolarizabilidades elétricas dipolares de ésteres E-4-amino-trans-1,3-butadienil-(1',2'-di-hidroxibenzeno) de boro, alumínio e gálio

Static electric dipole polarizabilities and first hyperpolarizabilites have been calculated for the title molecules and their 3' and 4'-nitro derivatives at ab-initio Hartree- Fock/6-31G(d, p) level. The influence of the pivotal p vacant 3A elements (B, Al or Ga) substitution on the electrical properties of these molecules is detailed. The axial vector components of the first hyperpolarizabilities β(0) of the push-pull 4'-nitro derivatives, -18.2×10-32 esu (B), -21.1×10-32 esu (Al) and -20.8×10-32 esu (Ga) are calculated to be as much as fourfold larger then that calculated for the p-nitroaniline, a reference organic molecule for comparison for this type of molecular property.

Quantitative structure-retention relationships analysis of retention index of essential oils

Genetic algorithm and multiple linear regression (GA-MLR), partial least square (GA-PLS), kernel PLS (GA-KPLS) and Levenberg-Marquardt artificial neural network (L-M ANN) techniques were used to investigate the correlation between retention index (RI) and descriptors for 116 diverse compounds in essential oils of six Stachys species. The correlation coefficient LGO-CV (Q²) between experimental and predicted RI for test set by GA-MLR, GA-PLS, GA-KPLS and L-M ANN was 0.886, 0.912, 0.937 and 0.964, respectively. This is the first research on the QSRR of the essential oil compounds against the RI using the GA-KPLS and L-M ANN.

Green tea in transdermal formulation: HPLC method for quality control and in vitro drug release assays

RP-HPLC based analytical method for use in both quality control of green tea in a semisolid formulation and for in vitro drug release assays was developed and validated. The method was precise (CV < 5%), accurate (recovery between 98% and 102%), linear (R² > 0.99), robust, and specific for the determination of epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG), caffeine (CAF), and gallic acid (GA). In a diffusion cell chamber, the release rate of EGCG was 8896.01 µg cm-2. This data showed that EGCG will be able to exert its systemic activity when delivered though the transdermal formulation, due to its good flux rates with the synthetic membrane.

Relação entre coberturas vegetais e supressividade de solos a Rhizoctonia solani

Áreas de uma microbacia sem a incidência de doenças causadas por Rhizoctonia solani GA 4 foram agrupadas estatisticamente, pelo método de Ward, com relação à supressividade dos solos ao patógeno, avaliada pela taxa de crescimento micelial. Entre os grupos formados, foi definido um gradiente de supressividade. A relação entre gradientes de supressividade e tipos de cobertura vegetal foi descrita com auxílio da análise de correspondências múltiplas, sendo que, de modo geral, o pasto e o pousio, seguidos da mata, tornaram os solos mais supressivos, ao passo que a cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum), o milho (Zea mays ), o café (Coffea arabica) e o solo arado tornaram os solos mais conducentes. Porém, os resultados mostraram que outros fatores, além da cobertura vegetal, podem estar afetando a supressividade. Um tratamento biocida (fumigação) dos solos mais supressivos promoveu um maior incremento da taxa de crescimento do patógeno do que o observado com solos mais conducentes.