Le suicidant, sa famille et son médecin

Résumé : Le suicidant, sa famille et son médecin. - Dans une lignée systémique, nous avons à nous demander quelle représentation du suicide ont les suicidants par rapport à l'acte lui-même et par rapport à l'impact que ces mêmes actes ont sur leur famille. D'autre part, il convient de nous interroger sur les représentations que chaque membre de la famille peut construire de l'acte suicidaire lui-même, du sens qu'il revêt pour le jeune et les proches. Notre expérience de psychiatres dans un hôpital général nous amène à nous questionner aussi sur les représentations de cet acte chez les professionnels qui offrent des soins aigus somatiques et qui luttent pour la vie lorsque les patients eux ont opté pour la mort. Ce geste nous envoie un signal fort de perte d'espoir et d'absence de perspectives futures chez les suicidants. Il nous renvoie aussi à la question de la mort chez les médecins formés à lutter pour la vie. L'acte suicidaire est un geste violent qui renvoie aux soignants un sentiment d'impuissance et pour lequel ils se sentent démunis. Nous aborderons dans une première partie l'attitude adoptée dans le service de psychiatrie de liaison à Lausanne. Nous exposerons ensuite quelques pistes de réflexion sur la prise en charge des suicidants dans un effort de compréhension systémique. Une responsabilité majeure éthique et humaine nous incombe.Summary : The suicidal person, his family and his doctor. - In a systemic lineage, we have to ask ourselves what representation of suicide do people with suicidal tendencies have, and what is the impact of suicide on their families and their doctor. On the other hand, it is advisable to ask ourselves what does suicide mean to their relatives. Our practice as psychiatrists in a general hospital leads us also to try and understand the image and impact of suicide on the medical staff who constantly aims at saving lives, while patients opted for death. This act sends us a strong signal of loss of hope and the absence of prospects for suicidal people. It has also a strong emotional impact on health practitioners and frequently makes them feel helpless. It also sends back to us to the question of the image of death among doctors. We will discuss, in a first part, the adopted attitude in the service of liaison psychiatry in Lausanne. We will try and develop then a way of taking care of suicidal patients, their families and the medical staff, attending them in a systemic approach. This is a great ethical and human responsibility to all health practitioners.

[Archives de la parole]. , Chant d'amour gai ; Chant de berger / Mme Speranza, chant

[Traditions. Europe. Grèce]

[Archives de la parole]. , Steluţa / Mlle Mioara Georgesco, chant

[Traditions. Europe. Roumanie]

[Archives de la parole]. , C'est après... je suis né dans les montagnes ; Vous aimiez bien petite mère / De Calvas, chant

[Traditions. Europe. Pologne]

[Archives de la parole]. , Belle enfant de la montagne ; Ah ! mon gas, combien nous nous aimons / Mlle Romanitsa [i. e. Romanitza], chant

[Traditions. Europe. Roumanie]

[Archives de la parole]. , Foaie verde, foi de foi / [Mademoiselle] Romanitza, chant

[Traditions. Europe. Roumanie]

[Archives de la parole]. , Biaini / M. Alexis Ben Kori, chant. Première surate du Coran / M. Alexis Ben Kori, voix

Enregistrement : Paris, Université de Paris, La Sorbonne, 28-01-1914

Localization in sucrose gradients of the pyrophosphate-dependent proton transport of maize root membranes.

A maize (Zea mays L. cv LG 11) root homogenate was prepared and centrifuged to sediment the mitochondria. The pellet (6 KP) and the supernatant (6 KS) were collected and fractionated on linear sucrose density gradients. Marker enzymes were used to study the distribution of the different cell membranes in the gradients. The distribution of the ATP- and pyrophosphate-dependent proton pumping activities was similar after 3 hours of centrifugation of the 6 KS or the 6 KP fraction. The pumps were clearly separated from the mitochondrial marker cytochrome c oxidase and the plasmalemma marker UDP-glucose-sterolglucosyl-transferase. The pyrophosphate-dependent proton pump might be associated with the tonoplast, as the ATP-dependent pump, despite the lack of a specific marker for this membrane. However, under all the conditions tested, the two pumps overlapped the Golgi markers latent UDPase and glucan synthase I and the ER marker NADH-cytochrome c reductase. It is therefore not possible to exclude the presence of proton pumping activities on the Golgi or the ER of maize root cells. The two pumps (but especially the pyrophosphate-dependent one) were more active (or more abundant) in the tip than in the basal part of maize roots, indicating that these activities might be important in growth processes.

Involvement of connexin 43 in meiotic maturation of bovine oocytes.

In ovarian follicles, cumulus cells provide the oocyte with small molecules that permit growth and control maturation. These nutrients reach the germinal cell through gap junction channels, which are present between the cumulus cells and the oocyte, and between the cumulus cells. In this study the involvement of intercellular communication mediated by gap junction channels on oocyte maturation of in vitro cultured bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) was investigated. The stages of oocyte maturation were determined by Hoechst 33342 staining, which showed that 90% of COCs placed in the maturation medium for 24 h progress to the metaphase II stage. Bovine COC gap junction communication was disrupted initially using n-alkanols, which inhibit any passage through gap junctions. In the presence of 1-heptanol (3 mmol l(-1)) or octanol (3.0 mmol l(-1) and 0.3 mmol l(-1)), only 29% of the COCs reached metaphase II. Removal of the uncoupling agent was associated with restoration of oocyte maturation, indicating that treatment with n-alkanols was neither cytotoxic nor irreversible. Concentrations of connexin 43 (Cx43), the major gap junction protein expressed in the COCs, were decreased specifically using a recombinant adenovirus expressing the antisense Cx43 cDNA (Ad-asCx43). The efficacy of adenoviral infection was > 95% in cumulus cells evaluated after infection with recombinant adenoviruses expressing the green fluorescence protein. RT-PCR performed on total RNA isolated from Ad-asCx43-infected COCs showed that the rat Cx43 cDNA was transcribed. Western blot analysis revealed a three-fold decrease in Cx43 expression in COCs expressing the antisense RNA for Cx43. Injection of cumulus cells with Lucifer yellow demonstrated further that the resulting lower amount of Cx43 in infected COCs is associated with a two-fold decrease in the extent of coupling between cumulus cells. In addition, oocyte maturation was decreased by 50% in the infected COC cultures. These results indicate that Cx43-mediated communication between cumulus cells plays a crucial role in maturation of bovine oocytes.

L'exception sportive : champions noirs et culture coloniale (1900-1939)

4e de couv.: Comment la France a-t-elle été colonisée par son Empire ? En traitant du fait national tel qu'il a été modelé par l'idéologie coloniale, ce livre renverse les perspectives. Pour légitimer leurs lointaines conquêtes, la monarchie, l'empire et la république ont conçu, organisé, relayé auprès des Français une culture coloniale. Le cinéma et le théâtre, le sport et l'école, la littérature et la presse, les arts, la publicité, la chanson, sans oublier l'armée, les comités coloniaux, les expositions se sont chargés de diffuser quêtes scientifiques, fascinations exotiques, fiertés patriotiques ainsi qu'intérêts économiques et politiques. A l'heure où la France éprouve la difficulté de rassembler dans un destin commun des mémoires divisées, ce sont les grandes lignes de ce "passé qui ne passe pas" et les méandres d'une utopie coloniale que ce recueil retrace, de la première abolition de l'esclavage aux présents débats sur la "repentance". Une somme.

Target Molecular Size and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis Analysis of the ATP-and Pyrophosphate-Dependent Proton Pumps from Maize Root Tonoplast.

Tonoplast-enriched membranes were prepared from maize (Zea mays L. cv LG 11) primary roots, using sucrose nonlinear gradients. The functional molecular size of the tonoplast ATP-and PPi-dependent proton pumps were analyzed by radiation inactivation. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) was added as an internal standard. Frozen samples (-196 degrees C) of the membranes were irradiated with (60)Co for different periods of time. After thawing the samples, the activities of G6PDH, ATPase, and PPase were tested. By applying target theory, the functional sizes of the ATPase and PPase in situ were found to be around 540 and 160 kilodaltons, respectively. The two activities were solubilized and separated by gel filtration chromatography. The different polypeptides copurifying with the two pumps were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Two bands (around 59 and 65 kilodaltons) were associated with the ATPase activity, whereas a double band (around 40 kilodaltons) was recovered with the PPase activity.

Development of a well-defined medium for the in vitro maturation of immature bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes.

PURPOSE: Our purpose was to develop a well-defined medium for the in vitro maturation (IVM) of immature bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC). METHODS: The COC were cultured in the presence of three protein supplementations: fetal bovine serum (FBS), bovine serum albumin, and Synthetic Serum Substitute. The embryos obtained after in vitro fertilization of IVM oocytes were cocultured with Vero cells and their development to the morula and blastocyst stages was studied. RESULTS: When FBS was absent from the IVM medium, a significantly lower fertilization rate was observed, followed by a decrease in the percentage of embryos reaching the blastocyst stage. When FBS was replaced by a defined protein supplementation, the best results were obtained with Synthetic Serum Substitute. CONCLUSIONS: Adequate protein supplementation of the IVM medium optimizes the fertilization rate and the development of bovine IVM oocytes. The implication of these results in the human field is discussed.

Les sinusites d'origine dentaire: diagnostic et prise en charge [Diagnosis and management of sinusitis of odontogenic origin]

Les sinusites maxillaires sont des infections fréquentes de la sphère ORL. On retrouve une étiologie dentaire dans environ 10% des cas. L'extension des infections dentaires dans le sinus maxillaire est possible en raison de la proximité des racines des dents postérieures avec le bas fond sinusien. Une source odontogène doit être suspectée chez les patients ayant une anamnèse de douleur ou d'infection dentaires, de soins dentaires récents et qui présentent une sinusite unilatérale prolongée ou résistant à un traitement conservateur habituel. Les infections d'origine dentaire possèdent une flore bactérienne mixte. Le diagnostic et la prise en charge nécessitent un bilan radiologique précis. Le traitement doit prendre en charge conjointement la cause dentaire et la sinusite. Un geste chirurgical peut être indiqué dans un deuxième temps afin de restaurer la fonction sinusienne. Maxillary sinusitis are common infections. A dental origin is found in about 10% of the cases. The roots of the posterior maxillary teeth are adjacent to the sinus floor. Extensions of dental infections are therefore possible to the sinus. An odontogenic source should be considered in patients with a history of dental pain or recent oral surgery and those with extended unilateral sinusitis or unilateral sinusitis resistant to conventional treatment. Maxillary sinusitis of dental origin are polymicrobial infections. Conventional radiographs and CT-scans are required for the diagnosis and proper management. Dental treatments to remove the underlying cause combined with oral antibiotics to treat the infection are required. Endoscopic or open surgery may be necessary to complete the treatment and restore adequate sinusal function.