931 resultados para Fine dining restaurants


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Acknowledgements Gokul Gopalan (a Senior Global Medical Director [Respiratory], at Teva Pharmaceuticals, Frazer, PA, US, at the time of this study), assisted with study design. Funding Funds to acquire the dataset from the Pharmo Institute for Drug Outcomes Research (Utrecht, the Netherlands) were provided by RiRL. The study received institutional support from Teva Pharmaceuticals Europe B.V. Gokul Gopalan, a Senior Global Medical Director (Respiratory), at Teva Pharmaceuticals, Frazer, PA, US, at the time of this study, assisted with study design, but neither Teva Pharmaceuticals Europe B.V. nor Teva Pharmaceuticals, Frazer, PA, US, contributed, either in part or in whole, to the collection, analysis, or interpretation of study data, manuscript writing, or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. Erratum The original version of this article unfortunately contained errors that have since been corrected. The word “pharmo” has been fully capitalised to “PHARMO” throughout the article. The reference to Table 2 in the first and second sentence under the Outcomes heading has been replaced with Fig. 3. Under the Abbreviations heading ‘extrafine-particle’ was repeated, this has been corrected to ‘EF-HFA-BDP [Qvar®]: extrafine-particle hydrofluoroalkane beclomethasone dipropionate’. The competing interests of Nicolas Roche and Theresa Guibert have been amended. Academic affiliations for Dirkje S. Postma (2), Richard J. Martin (3), Ron M.C. Herrings (4), Jetty Overbeek (4), and Nicolas Roche (7) have been corrected. Figure 3 in the online and pdf version did not match, this been amended

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Acknowledgements James J. Waggitt was funded by a NERC Case studentship supported by OpenHydro Ltd and Marine Scotland Science (NE/J500148/1). Vessel-based transects were funded by a NERC (NE/J004340/1) and a Scottish National Heritage (SNH) grant. FVCOM modelling was funded by a NERC grant (NE/J004316/1). Marine Scotland Science provided time on the FRV Alba-na-Mara as part as the Marine Collaboration Research Forum (MarCRF). The bathymetry data used in hydrodynamic models (HI 1122 Sanday Sound to Westray Firth) was collected by the Maritime & Coastguard Agency (MCA) as part of the UK Civil Hydrography Programme. We wish to thank Christina Bristow, Matthew Finn and Jennifer Norris at the European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC); Marianna Chimienti, Ciaran Cronin, Tim Sykes and Stuart Thomas for performing vessel-based transects; Marine Scotland Science staff Eric Armstrong, Ian Davies, Mike Robertson, Robert Watret and Michael Stewart for their assistance; Shaun Fraser, Pauline Goulet, Alex Robbins, Helen Wade and Jared Wilson for invaluable discussions; Thomas Cornulier, Alex Douglas, James Grecian and Samantha Patrick for their help with statistical analysis; and Gavin Siriwardena, Leigh Torres, Mark Whittingham and Russell Wynn for their constructive comments on earlier versions of this manuscript.

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Global biogeochemical models have improved dramatically in the last decade in their representation of the biosphere. Although leaf area data are an important input to such models and are readily available globally, global root distributions for modeling water and nutrient uptake and carbon cycling have not been available. This analysis provides global distributions for fine root biomass, length, and surface area with depth in the soil, and global estimates of nutrient pools in fine roots. Calculated root surface area is almost always greater than leaf area, more than an order of magnitude so in grasslands. The average C:N:P ratio in living fine roots is 450:11:1, and global fine root carbon is more than 5% of all carbon contained in the atmosphere. Assuming conservatively that fine roots turn over once per year, they represent 33% of global annual net primary productivity.

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With increasing interest in the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on plant growth and the global carbon balance, there is a need for greater understanding of how plants respond to variations in atmospheric partial pressure of CO2. Our research shows that elevated CO2 produces significant fine structural changes in major cellular organelles that appear to be an important component of the metabolic responses of plants to this global change. Nine species (representing seven plant families) in several experimental facilities with different CO2-dosing technologies were examined. Growth in elevated CO2 increased numbers of mitochondria per unit cell area by 1.3–2.4 times the number in control plants grown in lower CO2 and produced a statistically significant increase in the amount of chloroplast stroma (nonappressed) thylakoid membranes compared with those in lower CO2 treatments. There was no observable change in size of the mitochondria. However, in contrast to the CO2 effect on mitochondrial number, elevated CO2 promoted a decrease in the rate of mass-based dark respiration. These changes may reflect a major shift in plant metabolism and energy balance that may help to explain enhanced plant productivity in response to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations.

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Cytotoxic T cells recognize mosaic structures consisting of target peptides embedded within self-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. This structure has been described in great detail for several peptide-MHC complexes. In contrast, how T-cell receptors recognize peptide-MHC complexes have been less well characterized. We have used a complete set of singly substituted analogs of a mouse MHC class I, Kk-restricted peptide, influenza hemagglutinin (Ha)255-262, to address the binding specificity of this MHC molecule. Using the same peptide-MHC complexes we determined the fine specificity of two Ha255-262-specific, Kk-restricted T cells, and of a unique antibody, pSAN, specific for the same peptide-MHC complex. Independently, a model of the Ha255-262-Kk complex was generated through homology modeling and molecular mechanics refinement. The functional data and the model corroborated each other showing that peptide residues 1, 3, 4, 6, and 7 were exposed on the MHC surface and recognized by the T cells. Thus, the majority, and perhaps all, of the side chains of the non-primary anchor residues may be available for T-cell recognition, and contribute to the stringent specificity of T cells. A striking similarity between the specificity of the T cells and that of the pSAN antibody was found and most of the peptide residues, which could be recognized by the T cells, could also be recognized by the antibody.

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The x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) zinc K-edge steps for intact stages I,II and V,VI Xenopus laevis oocytes demonstrate that the zinc concentration is about 3 and 1 mM, respectively. However, the chi(k) function for the early stage oocytes differs markedly from that for the late one. Analysis of the XAFS data for stage I,II oocytes indicates that zinc is bound to 2.0 +/- 0.5 sulfur atoms at an average coordination distance of 2.29 +/- 0.02 angstroms and 2.0 +/- 0.5 nitrogen or oxygen (N/O) atoms at 2.02 +/- 0.02 angstroms. In marked contrast, in stage V,VI oocytes, zinc is bound to 4.1 +/- 0.4 N/O atoms at an average distance of 1.98 +/- 0.01 angstroms. Our previous studies demonstrated that 90% of the zinc in stage VI oocytes is sequestered within yolk platelets, associated with a single molecule, lipovitellin, the proteolytically processed product of vitellogenin. XAFS analysis of yolk platelets, lipovitellin, and vitellogenin demonstrates that zinc is bound to 4.0 +/- 0.5 N/O ligands at an average distance of 1.98 +/- 0.01 angstroms in each case, identical to that of stage V,VI oocytes. The higher shell contributions in the Fourier transforms indicate that two of the N/O zinc ligands are His in both stage V,VI and I,II oocytes. The results show that in stage I,II oocytes, there is a high concentration of a zinc protein whose zinc coordination site likely is composed of (His)2(Cys)2, such as, e.g., TFIIIA. As the oocytes develop, the predominant zinc species becomes one that exhibits the (His)2(N/0)2 zinc site found in lipovitellin. Hence, the ligands to the zinc atoms in intact oocytes and the changes that take place as a function of oogenesis and after their fertilization, during embryogenesis, now can be examined and explored.

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The predisposition to colon cancer is multigenetically controlled in animals and probably also in humans. We have analyzed the multigenic control of susceptibility to 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon tumors in mice by using a set of 20 homozygous CcS/Dem recombinant congenic strains, each of which contains a different random subset of approximately 12.5% of genes from the susceptible strain STS/A and 87.5% of genes from the relatively resistant strain BALB/cHeA. Some CcS/Dem strains received the alleles from the susceptible strain STS/A at one or more of the multiple colon tumor susceptibility loci and are susceptible, whereas others are resistant. Linkage analysis shows that these susceptibility genes are different from the mouse homologs of the genes known to be somatically mutated in human colon cancer (KRAS2, TP53, DCC, MCC, APC, MSH2, and probably also MLH1). Different subsets of genes control tumor numbers and size. Two colon cancer susceptibility genes, Scc1 and Scc2, map to mouse chromosome 2. The Scc1 locus has been mapped to a narrow region of 2.4 centimorgans (90% confidence interval).

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T cells, B cells, and antibody are found in the white matter of the central nervous system in multiple sclerosis. The epitope center for the antibody response to human myelin basic protein (MBP) fits precisely the minimal epitope Pro85-Val-Val-His-Phe-Phe-Lys-Asn-Ile-Val-Thr-Pro96 for that reported for HLA DR2b (DRB1*1501)-restricted T cells that recognize MBP [Wucherpfenning, K.W., Sette, A., Southwood, S., Oseroff, C., Matsui, M., Strominger, J. & Hafler, D. (1994) J. Exp. Med. 179, 279-290], and overlaps with the reported DR2a-restricted epitope for T cells reactive to MBP [Martin, R., Howell, M. D., Jaraquemada, D., Furlage, M., Richert, J., Brostoff, S., Long, E. O., McFarlin, D. E. & McFarland, H. F. (1991) J. Exp. Med. 173, 19-24]. We describe a molecular model of this epitope.

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Early visual processing analyses fine and coarse image features separately. Here we show that motion signals derived from fine and coarse analyses are combined in rather a surprising way: Coarse and fine motion sensors representing the same direction of motion inhibit one another and an imbalance can reverse the motion perceived. Observers judged the direction of motion of patches of filtered two-dimensional noise, centered on 1 and 3 cycles/deg. When both sets of noise were present and only the 3 cycles/deg noise moved, judgments were reversed at short durations. When both sets of noise moved, judgments were correct but sensitivity was impaired. Reversals and impairments occurred both with isotropic noise and with orientation-filtered noise. The reversals and impairments could be simulated in a model of motion sensing by adding a stage in which the outputs of motion sensors tuned to 1 and 3 cycles/deg and the same direction of motion were subtracted from one another. The subtraction model predicted and we confirmed in experiments with orientation-filtered noise that if the 1 cycle/deg noise flickered and the 3 cycles/deg noise moved, the 1 cycle/deg noise appeared to move in the opposite direction to the 3 cycles/deg noise even at long durations.

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This paper presents the first version of EmotiBlog, an annotation scheme for emotions in non-traditional textual genres such as blogs or forums. We collected a corpus composed by blog posts in three languages: English, Spanish and Italian and about three topics of interest. Subsequently, we annotated our collection and carried out the inter-annotator agreement and a ten-fold cross-validation evaluation, obtaining promising results. The main aim of this research is to provide a finer-grained annotation scheme and annotated data that are essential to perform evaluation focused on checking the quality of the created resources.

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The episcopal complex of Eio, located at El Tolmo de Minateda, was built between the end of the sixth century and the beginning of the seventh century. It may have been created as a result of a political decision taken by the authority of the Visigothic kingdom (based at Toletum) to control the Byzantine territories of south-east Hispania. With a comprehensive study of the construction phases, and of the decoration and location of spaces, we can recreate and interpret the function of each space in the episcopal palatium or episcopium, and detail the chronological development of the building. After the Arab-Berber conquest of Hispania in the early eight century, the whole complex underwent alterations that converted the religious and monumental public area into a private, residential and artisan Islamic quarter.

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Recent advances in statistical downscaling have allowed the reconstruction of temperatures for the complete 1948–2011 period in a spatial resolution of 90 m and without gaps for the Valencian Community (Spain) and bordering areas. It presently enables analyses in this region, which allows the determination of recent temperature changes at subregional and local scales. The present work focuses on obtaining the thermicity index according to Rivas-Martínez, a well-known indicator of different thermotypes associated with bioclimatic horizons. The change in this index, which has happened in the region between 1948 and 2011, was calculated by generating fine-scale maps of the potential extension of different thermotypes. The results show a greater regression for the thermotypes in a finicolous position, e.g. Orotemperate, Supratemperate and Supramediterranean horizons, which herein indicate greater potential vulnerability in climate change. In the absence of, and given the need for, such fine-scale information, this work should be useful for specialized researchers to spatially limit the potentially most vulnerable biotopes to climate change.