999 resultados para FICHEIROS CLÍNICOS
Resumo:
O curso de especialização saúde da família, no módulo a clínica da atenção primária 1, no material caso clínico, apresenta propostas para exercitar habilidades para a aplicação da abordagem centrada na pessoa e para estabelecer diagnósticos e terapêuticas considerando os aspectos biológicos, sociais, psicológicos e ambientais envolvidos no processo de saúde e adoecimento de indivíduos e famílias.
Resumo:
O objetivo deste trabalho foi fazer uma reflexão sobre a construção, composição e implantação de protocolos clínicos nas ações de atenção primária, identificando na literatura os passos para essa construção; os benefícios da implantação e as características consideradas importantes em um protocolo. A Metodologia utilizada foi um estudo descritivo. A análise foi procedida para descrever como se constrói um protocolo, suas características e as possibilidades de melhoria da qualidade do serviço em saúde. Quando se estuda sobre protocolos clínicos, fica evidenciado que estes são respaldados em evidências científicas e são importantes ferramentas na organização dos serviços de saúde, facilitando a superação dos problemas e a aplicação de condutas mais adequadas na assistência ao paciente. Ao fazer essa reflexão, notou-se a importância da utilização desses instrumentos nas ações da atenção primária, principalmente em relação à redução na variação das práticas clínicas, na padronização das rotinas de trabalho e na utilização científica nos procedimentos e ações. A utilização desses instrumentos na rotina do serviço se apresenta como possíveis mudanças no processo de trabalho, podendo otimizar a assistência e levar a uma maior satisfação do usuário. Foi possível concluir, que apesar de importantes e úteis, o processo de construção e implantação desses instrumentos depende da sensibilização e inciativa dos gestores; e que a adesão dos profissionais aos protocolos é essencial para o seu sucesso. Além da inciativa dos gestores e da adesão dos profissionais, ficou claro que é necessária uma avaliação constante da efetividade desses instrumentos e as relações produzidas por esse processo, sua adequação e pertinência. Não se teve a pretensão de esgotar o assunto; mas de identificar na literatura alguns passos para a construção, os benefícios da implantação e as características consideradas importantes em um protocolo. Espera-se que este trabalho seja um instrumento orientador e contribua para enriquecer o conhecimento de todos aqueles que se interessam por este tema.
Resumo:
Durante o exercício de médico generalista na Unidade de Saúde do Sobradinho, no município de São Francisco - MG, observou-se, não raramente, o atendimento aos usuários desta Unidade em diversas situações de urgências/emergências. Nestas circunstâncias, era notória a ausência de uma abordagem profissional adequada para estes usuários, na maioria das vezes, por falta de organização do processo de trabalho, não priorizando o que e/ou quem realmente deveria ser priorizado. Apesar de saber que as Unidades Básicas de Saúde não são unidades de emergência, elas acabam recebendo pacientes nesta situação, oferecendo atendimento inicial, para posterior encaminhamento a unidades de referência. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo geral propor a padronização do atendimento em situações de urgências/emergências aos usuários desta Unidade Básica de Saúde. Especificadamente, buscou-se identificar as situações urgências/emergências mais comuns e elaborar protocolos de atendimento aos usuários de acordo com as principais situações encontradas, que foram - crises hipertensivas, cefaleia, asma, pneumonia comunitária, diarreia e epilepsia, A elaboração dos protocolos foi baseada em literatura médica atualizada e revisada e - adaptada à realidade da Unidade de Saúde, sem oferecer aumento de custos.
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O vídeo apresenta as questões relacionadas ao sobrepeso na adolescência e as medidas mais importantes a serem tomadas, tais como: comer mais de 5 porções de frutas ou vegetais por dia, realizar atividades físicas, não consumir refrigerantes e refeições fast food, entre outras.
Resumo:
Curso composto de oito casos de diagnóstico e manejo da dengue, que são: caso Ricardo, caso Maria do Socorro, caso Geraldo, caso Gisele, caso Laura, caso Pedro, caso Raimundo e caso Gabriela. O curso visa, no geral, capacitar e atualizar os profissionais de saúde no que concerne a doença, diagnóstico e manejo em populações distintas, criança, adulto, idoso, gestantes. Aborda o diagnóstico diferencial entre Dengue, Zika e Chikungunya e a correta realização da prova do laço. Cada caso possui atividades, objetivos e peculiaridades específicas.
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Unidade do Curso de Manejo da Coinfecção TB-HIV. Este recurso apresenta casos clínicos orientando a melhor conduta dos profissionais no manejo do TB-HIV. Os casos são: Claúdio Marques, de 26 anos e desempregado, Wanderlei Silva de 32 anos, alcoolista e Ana Paula, 45 anos e auxiliar de serviços gerais. Nesses casos, o recurso educacional busca orientar o profissional de saúde sobre o tipo conduta que deve ser realizada de acordo com as particularidades de cada paciente e caso clínico.
Resumo:
To assess the effects of a soy dietary supplement on the main biomarkers of cardiovascular health in postmenopausal women compared with the effects of low-dose hormone therapy (HT) and placebo. Double-blind, randomized and controlled intention-to-treat trial. Sixty healthy postmenopausal women, aged 40-60 years, 4.1 years mean time since menopause were recruited and randomly assigned to 3 groups: a soy dietary supplement group (isoflavone 90mg), a low-dose HT group (estradiol 1 mg plus noretisterone 0.5 mg) and a placebo group. Lipid profile, glucose level, body mass index, blood pressure and abdominal/hip ratio were evaluated in all the participants at baseline and after 16 weeks. Statistical analyses were performed using the χ2 test, Fisher's exact test, Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), paired Student's t-test and Wilcoxon test. After a 16-week intervention period, total cholesterol decreased 11.3% and LDL-cholesterol decreased 18.6% in the HT group, but both did not change in the soy dietary supplement and placebo groups. Values for triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, glucose level, body mass index, blood pressure and abdominal/hip ratio did not change over time in any of the three groups. The use of dietary soy supplement did not show any significant favorable effect on cardiovascular health biomarkers compared with HT. The trial is registered at the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos - ReBEC), number RBR-76mm75.
Resumo:
Introductions: In the care of hypertension, it is important that health professionals possess available tools that allow evaluating the impairment of the health-related quality of life, according to the severity of hypertension and the risk for cardiovascular events. Among the instruments developed for the assessment of health-related quality of life, there is the Mini-Cuestionario of Calidad de Vida en la Hipertensión Arterial (MINICHAL) recently adapted to the Brazilian culture. Objective: To estimate the validity of known groups of the Brazilian version of the MINICHAL regarding the classification of risk for cardiovascular events, symptoms, severity of dyspnea and target-organ damage. Methods: Data of 200 hypertensive outpatients concerning sociodemographic and clinical information and health-related quality of life were gathered by consulting the medical charts and the application of the Brazilian version of MINICHAL. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare health-related quality of life in relation to symptoms and target-organ damage. The Kruskal-Wallis test and ANOVA with ranks transformation were used to compare health-related quality of life in relation to the classification of risk for cardiovascular events and intensity of dyspnea, respectively. Results: The MINICHAL was able to discriminate health-related quality of life in relation to symptoms and kidney damage, but did not discriminate health-related quality of life in relation to the classification of risk for cardiovascular events. Conclusion: The Brazilian version of the MINICHAL is a questionnaire capable of discriminating differences on the health‑related quality of life regarding dyspnea, chest pain, palpitation, lipothymy, cephalea and renal damage.Fundamento: No cuidado ao hipertenso, é importante que o profissional de saúde disponha de ferramentas que possibilitem avaliar o comprometimento da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde, de acordo com a gravidade da hipertensão e o risco para eventos cardiovasculares. Dentre os instrumentos criados para avaliação da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde, destaca-se o Mini-Cuestionario de Calidad de Vida en la Hipertensión Arterial (MINICHAL), recentemente adaptado para a cultura brasileira. Objetivo: Estimar a validade de grupos conhecidos da versão brasileira do MINICHAL em relação à classificação de risco para eventos cardiovasculares, sintomas, intensidade da dispneia e lesões de órgãos-alvo. Métodos: Foram investigados 200 hipertensos em seguimento ambulatorial, cujos dados sociodemográficos, clínicos e de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde foram obtidos por meio de consulta ao prontuário e da aplicação da versão brasileira do MINICHAL. O teste de Mann-Whitney foi utilizado para comparar qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde em relação aos sintomas e às lesões de órgãos-alvo. Teste de Kruskal-Wallis e ANOVA com transformação nos ranks foram empregados para comparar qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde em relação à classificação de risco para eventos cardiovasculares e intensidade da dispneia, respectivamente. Resultados: O MINICHAL discriminou qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde em relação aos sintomas e dano renal (lesões de órgãos-alvo), porém não discriminou qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde em relação à classificação de risco para eventos cardiovasculares. Conclusão: A versão brasileira do MINICHAL é um instrumento capaz de discriminar diferenças na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde em relação aos sintomas de dispneia, precordialgia, palpitação, lipotímia, cefaleia e presença de dano renal.
Resumo:
CONTEXT: Desmoid tumors constitute one of the most important extraintestinal manifestations of familial adenomatous polyposis. The development of desmoids is responsible for increasing morbidity and mortality rates in cases of familial adenomatous polyposis. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the occurrence of desmoid tumors in familial adenomatous polyposis cases following prophylactic colectomy and to present patient outcome. METHODS: Between 1984 and 2008, 68 patients underwent colectomy for familial adenomatous polyposis at the School of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, University of Campinas, SP, Brazil. Desmoid tumors were found in nine (13.2%) of these patients, who were studied retrospectively by consulting their medical charts with respect to clinical and surgical data. RESULTS: Of nine patients, seven (77.8%) were submitted to laparotomy for tumor resection. Median age at the time of surgery was 33.9 years (range 22-51 years). Desmoid tumors were found in the abdominal wall in 3/9 cases (33.3%) and in an intra-abdominal site in the remaining six cases (66.7%). Median time elapsed between ileal pouch-anal anastomosis and diagnosis of desmoid tumor was 37.5 months (range 14-60 months), while the median time between colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis and diagnosis was 63.7 months (range 25-116 months). In 6/9 (66.7%) patients with desmoid tumors, the disease was either under control or there was no evidence of tumor recurrence at a follow-up visit made a mean of 63.1 months later (range 12-240 months). CONCLUSIONS: Desmoid tumors were found in 13.2% of cases of familial adenomatous polyposis following colectomy; therefore, familial adenomatous polyposis patients should be followed-up and surveillance should include abdominal examination to detect signs and symptoms. Treatment options include surgery and clinical management with antiestrogens, antiinflammatory drugs or chemotherapy.
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We studied the clinical aspects of 100 consecutive premature newborns with and without intraventricular and periventricular hemorrhage (IPVH).The diagnosis of IPVH was obtained by ultrasonic scans of the skull during the first week of life and at the age of one month. Forty eight percent of newborns with IPVH had abnormal results, and there was a significant correlation with the neurological evaluation in 85% of the infants. The probability of normality for a child with no associated brain abnormalities was 72%, whereas for a child of the same gestational age with associated brain abnormalities was 48.7%.
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Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a widespread monophasic inflamatory disease affecting the central nervous system, that usually follows an infection or vaccination. In this study, we present an analysis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and clinical aspects in four patients with clinical diagnosis of ADEM. The presence of MRI demyelinating lesions was crucial, but not in itself sufficient for definitive diagnosis. Clinical and MRI follow up, in order to exclude new lesions and to reevaluate the former ones, as well as CSF, were important for the differential diagnosis with other demyelinating diseases, particularly multiple sclerosis. In addition, we have shown that early treatment with methylprednisolone after the initial symptoms was effective for improving clinical manifestations as well as for reducing MRI lesions.
Resumo:
OBJECTIVE: To describe the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of patients with chronic and recurrent aseptic meningitis.METHOD: A retrospective study of five patients with aseptic meningoencefalitis diagnosed by clinical and CSF findings. CT scans showed without no relevant findings. RESULTS: MRI showed small multifocal lesions hyperintense on T2 weighted images and FLAIR, with mild or no gadolinium enhancement, mainly in periventricular and subcortical regions. Meningoencephalitis preceded the diagnosis of the underlying disease in four patients (Behçet´s disease or systemic lupus erythematosus). After the introduction of adequate treatment for the rheumatic disease, they did not present further symptoms of aseptic meningoencephalitis. CONCLUSION: Aseptic meningoencephalitis can be an early presentation of an autoimmune disease. It is important to emphasize the role of MRI in the diagnosis and follow-up of these patients.
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Brain death results in the breakdown of effective central regulatory mechanisms of cardiocirculatory stability, even in patients with artificial mechanical ventilation, correction of electrolytic and acid-basic disorders and maximal conventional pharmacological support of the circulation. Recent evidences have shown that the fall of vasopressin levels in the blood circulation significantly influences the cardiocirculatory stability of patients with brain death, and its exogenous administration is defended by many authors for the management of multiorgan donor patients. In this brief review we analyse and discuss some experimental and clinical relevant studies about the role of vasopressin in the control of cardiocirculatory stability in brain death, and its potential usefulness in the management of multiorgan donor. We conclude that the role of vasopressin in the pathophysiology of brain death and its usefulness as a pharmacological agent in the management of multiorgan donor are not well elucidated, deserving further investigations.
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The chronic treatment with phenytoin or the acute intoxication by this drug may cause permanent cerebellar injury with atrophy of cerebellum vermis and hemispheres, which can be detected by neuroimaging studies. The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between the dosage and duration of treatment with phenytoin and the occurrence of cerebellar atrophy. Sixty-six patients were studied and had their tomographies analyzed for cerebellar atrophy. Of the 66 patients studied, 18 had moderate/severe atrophy, 15 had mild atrophy and 33 were considered to be normal. The patients with moderate/severe atrophy were those with higher exposure to phenytoin (longer duration of treatment and higher total dosage) showing statistically significant difference when compared to patients with mild atrophy or without atrophy (p=0.02). Further, the patients with moderate/severe atrophy had serum levels of phenytoin statistically higher than those of patients with mild atrophy or without atrophy (p = 0.008). There was no association between other antiepileptic drugs dosage or duration of treatment and degree of cerebellar atrophy. We also found that older patients had cerebellar atrophy more frequently, indicating that age or duration of the seizure disorder may also be important in the determination of cerebellar degeneration in these patients. We conclude that although there is a possibility that repeated seizures contribute to cerebellar damage, long term exposure to phenytoin, particularly in high doses and toxic serum levels, cause cerebellar atrophy.
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We report on two epileptic patients who developed acute psychosis after the use of topiramate (TPM). One patient exhibited severe psychomotor agitation, heteroaggressiveness, auditory and visual hallucinations as well as severe paranoid and mystic delusions. The other patient had psychomotor agitation, depersonalization, derealization, severe anxiety and deluded that he was losing his memory. Both patients had to be taken to the casualty room. After interruption of TPM in one patient and reduction of dose in the other, a full remission of the psychotic symptoms was obtained without the need of antipsychotic drugs. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of development of acute psychotic symptoms in patients undergoing TPM treatment.