The Genesis Of The Mycenaean Citadel: A Philosophical Quest For The Origins Of The Architectural Forms

This thesis deals with the origins of the architectural forms as expressed in the Homeric Mycenaean citadel. The Genesis of the Mycenaean Citadel is a philosophical quest which reveals the poetic dimension of the Mycenaean architecture. The Introduction deals with general theories on the subject of space, which converge into one, forming the spinal idea of the thesis. The ‘process of individuation’, the process by which a person becomes ‘in-dividual’ that is a separate, indivisible unity or ‘whole’, is a process of transformation and renewal which at collective level takes place within the citadel. This is built on the archetype which expresses both the nature of the soul as a microcosm and of the divinely ordered Cosmos. The confrontation of the rational ‘ego’ with the unconscious is the process which brings us to the ‘self’, that organising center of the human psyche which is symbolised through the centre of the citadel. . Chapter I refers to ‘the Archetype of the Mycenaean citadel’. The Mycenaean citadel, which is built on a certain pattern of placement and orientation in relation to landscape formations, reproduces images which belong to the category of the ‘archetypal mother’. On the other hand, its adjustment to a central point with ‘high’ significance, recalls the archetypal image of Shiva-Shakti. The citadel realises the concept of a Kantian ‘One-all embracing space’; it is a cosmogonic symbol but also a philosophical one. Chapter II examines the column in its dual meaning, which is expressed in one structure; column and capital unite within their symbolism the conscious and unconscious contents of the human psyche and express the archetype of wholeness and goal of the individuation process. 33 Chapter III is a philosophical research into the ‘symbolism of the triangle’, the sacred Pythagorean symbol which expresses certain cosmological beliefs about the relation between human nature and the divinely ordered Cosmos. The triangular slab over the Lion Gate is a representation of the Dionysiac ‘palingenesia’, that is the continuity of One life, which was central to the Mycenaean religion. Chapter IV deals with the tripartite ‘megaron’. The circular hearth within the four-columned hall expresses the ‘quaternity of the One’, one of the oldest religious symbols of humanity. Zeus is revealed in the ‘fiery monadic unit-cubit’ as an all-embracing god next to goddess Hestia, symbolised by the circular hearth. The ‘megaron’ expresses the alchemical quaternity and the triad but also the psychological stages of development in the process towards wholeness. In the Conclusions it is emphasised that the Mycenaean citadel was created as if in a repetition of a cosmogony. It is a ‘mandala’, the universal image which is identified with God-image in man. Moreover it is built in order to be experienced by its citizen in the process of his psychological transformation towards the ‘self’, the divine element within the psyche which unites with the divinely ordered Cosmos

Decomposition, recomposition, speculation: The contribution of the Treatise of Choisy for the architectural survey, a pedagogical approach

info:eu-repo/semantics/inPress

L'évolution du rôle de l'OPCCOQ dans l'espace professionnel de l'orientation au Québec

L'insertion professionnelle des jeunes suscite beaucoup d'inquiétude sociale face à la diminution rapide du travail salarié (Alaluf, 1993). Devant ce fait, nous optons dans cette recherche pour un examen de la problématique sous l'angle du paradigme structurel c'est-à-dire qu'elle étudie des problématiques à partir de la structure au lieu de prendre comme axe l'individu (Laflamme, 1993). Dans ce sens, notre objectif de recherche est de préciser le rôle d'un acteur institutionnel dans la définition et l'orientation d'un espace professionnel. Plus spécifiquement, nous avons choisi d'étudier le rôle de l'Ordre professionnel des conseillers et des conseillères d'orientation du Québec (OPCCOQ) dans l'évolution de l'espace professionnel en orientation; rôle, qui selon nous, pourrait affecter favorablement l'insertion professionnelle des diplômés universitaires du deuxième cycle en orientation. Pour nous, la position de l'OPCCOQ dans sa volonté de fonder une argumentation professionnelle tant pour une fermeture que pour une l'étendue de l'espace professionnel est un des déterminants importants de la difficulté d'insertion professionnelle des diplômés…

TIMESCAPES: an architectural process of memory and adaptation

What if the architectural process of making could incorporate time? All designers who impact the physical environment- consciously and unconsciously are gatekeepers of the past, commentators of the present, and speculators of the future. This project proposes the creation of architecture and adaptive public space that looks to historical memories, foster present day cultural formation, and new alternative visions for the city of the future. The thesis asks what it means to design for stasis and change in a variety of scales- urban, architectural, and detail and arrives at a speculated new neighborhood, institutional buildings, and landscape. Central to this project is the idea of the architect as archeologist, anthropologist, and artist. The project focuses on a rapidly changing part of the city of Fort Worth, Texas and assigns a multipurpose institutional buildings and public space as a method of investigation. The thesis hopes to further architectural discourse about into the role of architecture in the preservation of memory, adaptive potential of public spaces, and the role of time in architecture.

La transformation de l'espace rural, l'industrialisation et les relations ville-campagne entre Coaticook et les cantons de Barnston et de Barford, 1853-1921

Cette étude des relations ville-campagne prolonge la réflexion amorcée à la suite d'un cours d'histoire régionale que donna Peter Southam. Ayant choisi d'analyser le développement économique de Coaticook dans une perspective strictement urbaine, je fis la découverte d'une carte qui se présenta comme une véritable révélation puisqu'elle traduisait toute la problématique sous-jacente à un espace polarisé. En effet, on pouvait découvrir, face à l'unité distincte de Coaticook, deux structures identiques, les municipalités de cantons de Barnston et de Barford, représentant, grâce à la présence des réseaux hydrographiques, routiers et ferroviaires, un terrain d'application idéale pour l'analyse des relations ville-campagne. De là est né notre intérêt d'analyser, dans un contexte ville-campagne, les fonctions de relations des deux entités spatiales en présence, l'une urbaine, l'autre rurale, évoluant en interaction toutes deux dans le cadre des Cantons de l'Est, région qui est elle-même étroitement intégrée à l'économie continentale nord-américaine. Au-delà de cette insertion à un espace économique plus vaste, notre étude se doit d'abord de rendre compte de la spécificité des deux entités spatiales. Le choix spatial de notre thèse est arbitraire et ne repose pas, par exemple, sur la zone d'influence de Coaticook bien que, et c'est là une des hypothèses que nous démontrerons plus tard, il est certain que le rayonnement de Coaticook dans un espace polarisé ne s'est pas limité aux cantons de Barnston et de Barford. Par ailleurs, si nous privilégions comme cadre spatial d'analyse l'échelle du territoire urbain et celle du canton selon leurs limites administratives respectives, nous envisagerons également l'échelle de la communauté villageoise comme l'un des axes principaux du rapport ville-campagne. Les divisions administratives ne s'étendant qu'à deux localités rurales (Dixville et Saint-Herménégilde), nous ne tenterons pas de délimiter l'aire villageoise des autres localités. Puisque nous nous intéressons davantage au phénomène villageois selon un critère fonctionnel, nous considérons alors le village "comme un lieu et une forme d'habitat dotés d'attributs et de fonctions distinctives". En fait, le choix spatial sera d'ordre documentaire puisqu'il est imposé par l'utilisation des recensements fédéraux (manuscrits et imprimés) et par l'utilisation des Mercantile Agency, sources principales sur lesquelles il sera plus facile de présenter une démonstration cohérente dans le temps comme dans l'espace. […]

Espace et langage : La Tour d’amour de Rachilde et la Tour de Babel

In this article I analyze the relationships between space and the main characters in La Tour d’amour, by Rachilde. More specifically I focus on how space has already stunned one of the character’s speech and communicative abilities and it is now in the process of impairing speech in the other. By analyzing the novelist’s use of myths, references to the divinity and, especially, the many instances that offer evidence of widespread corruption in the characters’ language, I show how the lighthouse in which the characters dwell can be interpreted as a decadent Tower of Babel.

Quantification of the effects of architectural traits on dry mass production and light interception of tomato canopy under different temperature regimes using a dynamic functional-structural plant model

There is increasing interest in evaluating the environmental effects on crop architectural traits and yield improvement. However, crop models describing the dynamic changes in canopy structure with environmental conditions and the complex interactions between canopy structure, light interception, and dry mass production are only gradually emerging. Using tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) as a model crop, a dynamic functional-structural plant model (FSPM) was constructed, parameterized, and evaluated to analyse the effects of temperature on architectural traits, which strongly influence canopy light interception and shoot dry mass. The FSPM predicted the organ growth, organ size, and shoot dry mass over time with high accuracy (>85%). Analyses of this FSPM showed that, in comparison with the reference canopy, shoot dry mass may be affected by leaf angle by as much as 20%, leaf curvature by up to 7%, the leaf length: width ratio by up to 5%, internode length by up to 9%, and curvature ratios and leaf arrangement by up to 6%. Tomato canopies at low temperature had higher canopy density and were more clumped due to higher leaf area and shorter internodes. Interestingly, dry mass production and light interception of the clumped canopy were more sensitive to changes in architectural traits. The complex interactions between architectural traits, canopy light interception, dry mass production, and environmental conditions can be studied by the dynamic FSPM, which may serve as a tool for designing a canopy structure which is 'ideal' in a given environment.

L’espace comme matériau : l’architecture moderne et le complexe du Bauhaus à Dessau

Pour respecter les droits d’auteur, la version électronique de ce mémoire a été dépouillée de certains documents visuels. La version intégrale du mémoire a été déposée à la Division de la gestion des documents et des archives.

High temperature and vapor pressure deficit aggravate architectural effects but ameliorate non-architectural effects of salinity on dry mass production of tomato

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an important vegetable crop and often cultivated in regions exposed to salinity and high temperatures (HT) which change plant architecture, decrease canopy light interception and disturb physiological functions. However, the long-term effects of salinity and HT combination (S+HT) on plant growth are still unclear. A dynamic functional-structural plant model (FSPM) of tomato was parameterized and evaluated for different levels of S+HT combinations. The evaluated model was used to quantify the contributions of morphological changes (architectural effects) and physiological disturbances (non-architectural effects) on the reduction of shoot dry mass under S+HT. The model predicted architectural variables with high accuracy (>85%), which ensured the reliability of the model analyses. HT enhanced architectural effects but reduced non-architectural effects of salinity on dry mass production. The stronger architectural effects of salinity under HT could not be counterbalanced by the smaller non-architectural effects. Therefore, long-term influences of HT on shoot dry mass under salinity were negative at the whole plant level. Our model analysis highlights the importance of plant architecture at canopy level in studying the plant responses to the environments and shows the merits of dynamic FSPMs as heuristic tools.

GeoGebraTUTOR : développement d’un système tutoriel autonome pour l’accompagnement d’élèves en situation de résolution de problèmes de démonstration en géométrie plane et genèse d’un espace de travail géométrique idoine

Travaux d'études doctorales réalisées conjointement avec les travaux de recherches doctorales de Nicolas Leduc, étudiant au doctorat en génie informatique à l'École Polytechnique de Montréal.

Finding the idea of home

La notion de chez-soi est porteuse d’un imaginaire foisonnant et génère un grand intérêt dans notre culture et société. Bien qu’elle soit une considération importante pour la plupart d’entre nous, l’architecte occupe une position privilégiée qui lui permette d’agir sur le chez-soi de manière significative et tangible. La présente recherche explore le concept du chez-soi tel qu’étudié par les architectes et non-architectes de manière à comprendre son impact sur la création du lieu et sur la construction des environnements domestiques en Amérique du nord. Un regard porté sur les connotations entre espace et lieu, à travers la temporalité, les comportements et les perspectives sociales, supporte l’épistémologie du chez-soi comme un élément important des théories et pratiques de design contemporain. Le démantèlement hypothétique d’un espace en ses composantes suppose que les dispositifs architecturaux peuvent être modelés de manière à ce qu’ils opèrent un transfert depuis la maison, en tant qu’élément physique, vers le domaine psychologique du chez-soi. Afin d’élargir la maniabilité des éléments constitutifs du bâtiment et de son environnement, six thèmes sont appliqués à trois champs de données. Les six thèmes, qui incluent l’entre-deux, la limite, la voie, le nœud, le détail et la représentation, illustrent des moments architecturaux déterminants, potentiellement présents à l’intérieur et à l’extérieur du projet domestique et qui transforment les comportements physiques et psychiques. Depuis la pratique normalisée du logement social et abordable au Canada, une analyse de photographies de maisons abordables existantes, du discours critique sur cette typologie et de projets de recherche-création conduits par des étudiants en architecture, révèle le caractère opérationnel de la notion de chez-soi et consolide les valeurs de communauté et de frontière. L’objectif premier de la recherche est d’avancer la production de connaissances en architecture par l’exploration de la notion de chez­soi dans l’enseignement, la recherche et le design. L’approche fonctionnaliste vis-à-vis le < penser > en design, place l’usager au centre de l’environnement domestique, soutient la proposition que le chez­soi donne sens et utilité au logement, et renforce la responsabilité éthique de l’architecte à faire de cette notion une partie intégrante de la réalité quotidienne.

[Topographic map of portion of Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, and topographical and architectural examples and exercises] /

Relief shown by contours.

Architectural-Physical Co-Design of 3D CPUs with Micro-Fluidic Cooling

The performance, energy efficiency and cost improvements due to traditional technology scaling have begun to slow down and present diminishing returns. Underlying reasons for this trend include fundamental physical limits of transistor scaling, the growing significance of quantum effects as transistors shrink, and a growing mismatch between transistors and interconnects regarding size, speed and power. Continued Moore's Law scaling will not come from technology scaling alone, and must involve improvements to design tools and development of new disruptive technologies such as 3D integration. 3D integration presents potential improvements to interconnect power and delay by translating the routing problem into a third dimension, and facilitates transistor density scaling independent of technology node. Furthermore, 3D IC technology opens up a new architectural design space of heterogeneously-integrated high-bandwidth CPUs. Vertical integration promises to provide the CPU architectures of the future by integrating high performance processors with on-chip high-bandwidth memory systems and highly connected network-on-chip structures. Such techniques can overcome the well-known CPU performance bottlenecks referred to as memory and communication wall. However the promising improvements to performance and energy efficiency offered by 3D CPUs does not come without cost, both in the financial investments to develop the technology, and the increased complexity of design. Two main limitations to 3D IC technology have been heat removal and TSV reliability. Transistor stacking creates increases in power density, current density and thermal resistance in air cooled packages. Furthermore the technology introduces vertical through silicon vias (TSVs) that create new points of failure in the chip and require development of new BEOL technologies. Although these issues can be controlled to some extent using thermal-reliability aware physical and architectural 3D design techniques, high performance embedded cooling schemes, such as micro-fluidic (MF) cooling, are fundamentally necessary to unlock the true potential of 3D ICs. A new paradigm is being put forth which integrates the computational, electrical, physical, thermal and reliability views of a system. The unification of these diverse aspects of integrated circuits is called Co-Design. Independent design and optimization of each aspect leads to sub-optimal designs due to a lack of understanding of cross-domain interactions and their impacts on the feasibility region of the architectural design space. Co-Design enables optimization across layers with a multi-domain view and thus unlocks new high-performance and energy efficient configurations. Although the co-design paradigm is becoming increasingly necessary in all fields of IC design, it is even more critical in 3D ICs where, as we show, the inter-layer coupling and higher degree of connectivity between components exacerbates the interdependence between architectural parameters, physical design parameters and the multitude of metrics of interest to the designer (i.e. power, performance, temperature and reliability). In this dissertation we present a framework for multi-domain co-simulation and co-optimization of 3D CPU architectures with both air and MF cooling solutions. Finally we propose an approach for design space exploration and modeling within the new Co-Design paradigm, and discuss the possible avenues for improvement of this work in the future.

The influence of rock fabric in the durability of two sandstones used in the Andalusian Architectural Heritage (Montoro and Ronda, Spain)

Natural stone has been a popular and reliable building material throughout history appearing in many historic monuments and in more recent buildings. Research into the intrinsic properties of specific stones is important because it gives us a greater understanding of the factors that limit and act on them. This can help prevent serious problems from occurring in our buildings bringing both esthetic benefits and financial savings. To this end, the main objective of this research has been to study the influence of the fabric and the mineral composition of two types of sandstone on their durability. The first is a red continental sandstone from the Buntsandstein Age called “Molinaza Roja”, which is quarried in Montoro (Cordoba). The second is quarried in Ronda (Malaga) and is sold under the trade name of “Arenisca Ronda”. It is a light pink-whitish calcarenite deposited during the Late Tortonian to Late Messinian. We characterized their petrological and petrophysical properties by studying their rock fabrics, porous systems and mechanical properties. In order to obtain a complete vision of the behavior of their rock fabrics, we also carried out two decay tests, the salt crystallization and the freeze–thaw tests. We then measured the effects on the textures of the altered samples during and after the decay tests and we evaluated the changes in the porous system. By comparing the results between intact and altered samples, we found that Arenisca Ronda is less durable because it has a high quantity of expandable clays (smectites) and a high percentage of pores in the 0.1–1 μm range, in which the pressure produced by salt crystallization is strongest. In Molinaza Roja the decay agents caused significant sanding due to loss of cohesion between the clasts, especially during the salt crystallization test. In both stones, the anisotropies (oriented textures) have an important role in their hydric and dynamic behavior and also affect their mechanical properties (especially in the compression resistance). No changes in color were detected.

Architectural gems from Ely Cathedral : and the monastic buildings.

Illustrations engraved by W. Woolnoth, S. Rawle, F.J. Havell, and E. Challis.