Intestinal parasitism and socio-environmental factors among Mbyá-Guarani indians, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Disturbing data reveal the prevalence of intestinal parasites and their relationship with socio-environmental factors among Mbyá-Guarani Indians. The prevalence was determined by spontaneous sedimentation in water, centrifugation-floatation, and Kato-Katz. A socioeconomic questionnaire was submitted to each family. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 88.7%, and 45.5% were polyparasitized. There was 90.5% prevalence of enteric parasites in children (1-12- year-old), and 85% among 13-65-year-old individuals, indicating that both age groups are extensively parasitized. The parasite load was low to moderate for geohelminths and 75% of the families did not have latrine, thus the practice of defecation occurred outdoors. These findings suggest that the multiple intestinal parasitism in the Mbyá-Guarani community is high to the point of being the rule, and that it relates essentially to the traditional lifestyle and health habits. It is urgently necessary to implement the association of anti-parasitic treatment with sanitation improvement. This should be done simultaneously with health education activities for this population.

Emotion-oriented interventions for environment and the facilitation of pro-environmental behavior

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Ambiente, pela Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia

Delineating environmental groundwater vulnerability and protection zones mapping in fractured rock masses

Hard‐rock watersheds commonly exhibit complex geological bedrock and morphological features. Hydromineral resources have relevant economic value for the thermal spas industry. The present study aims to develop a groundwater vulnerability approach in Caldas da Cavaca hydromineral system (Aguiar da Beira, Central Portugal) which has a thermal tradition that dates back to the late 19th century, and contribute to a better understanding of the hydrogeological conceptual site model. In this work different layers were overlaid, generating several thematic maps to arrive at an integrated framework of several key‐sectors in Caldas da Cavaca site. Thus, to accomplish a comprehensive analysis and conceptualization of the site, a multi‐technical approach was used, such as, field and laboratory techniques, where several data was collected, like geotectonics, hydrology and hydrogeology, hydrogeomorphology, hydrogeophysical and hydrogeomechanical zoning aiming the application of the so‐called DISCO method. All these techniques were successfully performed and a groundwater vulnerability to contamination assessment, based on GOD‐S, DRASTIC‐Fm, SINTACS, SI and DISCO indexes methodology, was delineated. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) technology was on the basis to organise and integrate the geodatabases and to produce all the thematic maps. This multi‐technical approach highlights the importance of groundwater vulnerability to contamination mapping as a tool to support hydrogeological conceptualisation, contributing to better decision‐making of water resources management and sustainability.

Quadros Elétricos Inteligentes-Smart Panels

Na sociedade atual, a preocupação com o ambiente, por um lado, e com o conforto e a segurança, por outro, faz com que a sustentabilidade energética se assuma como uma forma de intervenção adequada às exigências de qualidade de vida e à eficiência no âmbito da economia. Nesta conformidade, é incontornável a mais-valia do Smart Panel, um quadro elétrico inteligente criado com vista à consecução daqueles desideratos, o que motivou o tema do presente trabalho. Assim, pretende-se demonstrar as potencialidades do Smart Panel, um novo conceito de quadro elétrico que visa a otimização da sua funcionalidade na gestão dinâmica e pragmática das instalações elétricas, nomeadamente no que respeita ao controlo, monitorização e atuação sobre os dispositivos, quer in loco quer, sobretudo, à distância. Para a consecução deste objetivo, concorrem outros que o potenciam, designadamente a compreensão do funcionamento do quadro elétrico (QE) tradicional, a comparação deste com o Smart Panel e a demonstração das vantagens da utilização desta nova tecnologia. A grande finalidade do trabalho desenvolvido é, por um lado, colocar a formação académica ao serviço de um bom desempenho profissional futuro, por outro ir ao encontro da tendência tecnológica inerente às necessidades que o homem, hoje, tem de controlar. Deste modo, num primeiro momento, é feita uma abordagem geral ao quadro eléctrico tradicional a fim de ser compreendido o seu funcionamento, aplicações e potencialidades. Para tanto, a explanação inclui a apresentação de conceitos teóricos subjacentes à conceção, produção e montagem do QE. São explicitados os diversos componentes que o integram e funções que desempenham, bem como as interações que estabelecem entre si e os normativos a que devem obedecer, para conformidade. Houve a preocupação de incluir imagens coadjuvantes das explicações, descrições e procedimentos técnicos. No terceiro capítulo é abordada a tecnologia Smart Panel, introduzindo o conceito e objetivos que lhe subjazem. Explicita-se o modo de funcionamento deste sistema que agrupa proteção, supervisão, controlo, armazenamento e manutenção preventiva, e demonstra-se de que forma a capacidade de leitura de dados, de comunicação e de comando do quadro elétrico à distância se afigura uma revolução tecnológica facilitadora do cumprimento das necessidades de segurança, conforto e economia da vida moderna. Os capítulos quarto, quinto e sexto versam uma componente prática do trabalho. No capítulo quarto é explanado um suporte formativo e posterior demonstração do kit de ensaio, que servirá de apoio à apresentação da tecnologia Smart Panel aos clientes. Além deste suporte de formação, no quinto capítulo é elaborada uma lista de procedimentos de verificação a serem executados aos componentes de comunicação que integram o Smart Panel, para fornecimento ao quadrista. Por fim, no sexto capítulo incluem-se dois casos de estudo: o estudo A centra-se na aplicação da tecnologia Smart Panel ao projeto de um QE tradicional, que implica fazer o levantamento de toda a aparelhagem existente e, de seguida, proceder à transposição para a tecnologia Smart Panel por forma a cumprir os requisitos estabelecidos pelo cliente. O estudo de caso B consiste na elaboração de um projeto de um quadro eléctrico com a tecnologia Smart Panel em função de determinados requisitos e necessidades do cliente, por forma a garantir as funções desejadas.

Environmental Decision-making utilizing a Web GIS to Monitor Hazardous Industrial Emissions in the Valencian community of Spain

Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies.

DETECTION OF VIRULENCE GENES IN ENVIRONMENTAL STRAINS OF Vibrio cholerae FROM ESTUARIES IN NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL

The objectives of this study were to detect the presence of Vibrio cholerae in tropical estuaries (Northeastern Brazil) and to search for virulence factors in the environmental isolates. Water and sediment samples were inoculated onto a vibrio-selective medium (TCBS), and colonies with morphological resemblance to V. cholerae were isolated. The cultures were identified phenotypically using a dichotomous key based on biochemical characteristics. The total DNA extracted was amplified by PCR to detect ompW and by multiplex PCR to detect the virulence genes ctx, tcp, zot and rfbO1. The results of the phenotypic and genotypic identification were compared. Nine strains of V. cholerae were identified phenotypically, five of which were confirmed by detection of the species-specific gene ompW. The dichotomous key was efficient at differentiating environmental strains of V. cholerae. Strains of V. cholerae were found in all four estuaries, but none possessed virulence genes.

ISOLATION OF Cryptococcus neoformans FROM ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES COLLECTED IN SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA

SUMMARY Cryptococcosis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans is the second most common fungal opportunistic pathogen and a lifethreatening infection with serious clinical manifestations especially in HIV/AIDS and other immunocompromised patients. In Nigeria, HIV/AIDS infection has reached an alarming level. Despite this, information on the presence of this fungus in clinical and environmental samples is very scanty in Nigeria and many other parts of Africa. We set out to evaluate the presence of Cryptococcus neoformans or C. gattii in pigeon droppings obtained from Southeastern Nigeria. One hundred and seventy-seven samples of pigeon droppings from six sample types were collected. The area covered comprised of ten cities and other locations spanning across five States in Nigeria. Using established techniques, Cryptococcus neoformans was isolated from 39 of the 177 (22.0%) samples overall. No C. gattiiwas isolated. Most of the isolates (32.4%) were recovered from dovecotes (11 of 34) followed closely by samples taken from markets (31.8%; seven of 22) and least from the church (4.0%; one of 25). The highest isolation rate (38.9%) was found in samples from Enugu-Ezike(seven of 23) while the least came from Afikpoand the other locations each with 9.1% isolation rate. This is the first large-scale screening of Cryptococcus neoformans from pigeon droppings in Nigeria. The ecological and epidemiological significance of these findings are discussed.

Insights into the role of almond CBF transcription factors in the environmental control of cold acclimation and dormancy break

Dissertation presented to obtain the Ph.D degree in Biology

Invasive Assessment of the Coronary Microcirculation Using the Index of Microcirculatory Resistance: Description and Validation of an Animal Model

INTRODUCTION: The index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) enables/provides quantitative, invasive, and real-time assessment of coronary microcirculation status. AIMS: The primary aim of this study was to validate the assessment of IMR in a large animal model, and the secondary aim was to compare two doses of intracoronary papaverine, 5 and 10 mg, for induction of maximal hyperemia and its evolution over time. METHODS: Measurements of IMR were performed in eight pigs. Mean distal pressure (Pd) and mean transit time (Tmn) were measured at rest and at maximal hyperemia induced with intracoronary papaverine, 5 and 10 mg, and after 2, 5, 8 and 10 minutes. Disruption of the microcirculation was achieved by selective injection of 40-μm microspheres via a microcatheter in the left anterior descending artery. RESULTS: In each animal 14 IMR measurements were made. There were no differences between the two doses of papaverine regarding Pd response and IMR values - 11 ± 4.5 U with 5 mg and 10.6 ± 3 U with 10 mg (p=0.612). The evolution of IMR over time was also similar with the two doses, with significant differences from resting values disappearing after five minutes of intracoronary papaverine administration. IMR increased with disrupted microcirculation in all animals (41 ± 16 U, p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: IMR provides invasive and real-time assessment of coronary microcirculation. Disruption of the microvascular bed is associated with a significant increase in IMR. A 5-mg dose of intracoronary papaverine is as effective as a 10-mg dose in inducing maximal hyperemia. After five minutes of papaverine administration there is no significant difference from resting hemodynamic status.

Changing environmental behaviors through smartphone-based augmented experiences

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestrado em Engenharia de Informática

Health survey on the Ilha da Conceição, state of Rio de Janeiro: I. Study design and report of selected demographic and environmental characteristics

During July and August of 1968, a Health survey was conducted on the Ilha da Conceição, an area of Niterói containing approximately one thousand households. The survey was conducted by students from the Universidade Federal Fluminense and the University of Maryland, and was under the supervision of faculty of the Department of Tropical Medicine at U.F.F. and from the Department of Preventive Medicine at the University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A. The survey was focused on a 25 percent random sample of the households on the island. Information was obtained from a responsible adult at each Household for completion of a Health questionnaire. Physical measurements, as well as laboratory study information were obtained from, all children in these households. A number of environmental sanitation problems were identified on the Ilha da Conceição. In addition, the survey indicated that approximately half the children had not been adequately immunized against diphteria, pertussis and typhoid. Preventable communicable diseases were the major cause of reported deaths which had occurred in infants ou Household members. The Health of the population on the Ilha da Conceição could well be enhanced by the development of an intelligence system indicating the immunization status of all children in the area. In addition a Health education program for the residents could well be beneficial for improvement of sanitary conditions on the island, as well as maternity and well baby care.

Establishment of environmental and biological bases to optimise the production of the European clam Ruditapes decussatus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Ambiente

Environmental contamination by Toxocara sp eggs in public areas of Salvador, Bahia state, Brazil

A survey ofparasite eggs and cysts in soil and dog feces collected in public places of 23 boroughs of Salvador, a city in the Northeast of Brazil, was performed. High degree of contamination by Toxocara sp eggs was observed in all boroughs studied; other parasites found included: Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworms, whipworms and protozoan cysts. Parks andpublic gardens were more contaminated than streets and beachesfor all parasites, including Toxocara sp.

Environmental remediation project of Cunha Baixa mining area cost benefit analysis

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Economics from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

Leveraging facebook’s open graph to develop an environmental persuasive application

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Informática