滩海过渡带地震资料拼接处理方法研究

The technology of seismic acquirement has been more and more intact in both land area and marine area, however, since the acquirement equipment can not handle the tasks in this both two kinds of prospects at the same time, it is very hard to acquire in the prospect of seashore area, and also the quality of the raw data is poor, the related work in seashore area has been a tough task. With the development of the level of exploration, acquired equipment and technology, a certain series of processing methods has been built up, which enhanced the resolving power, the ratio of signal to noise and the quality of imaging, these methods could meet most of the requirements of exploration and the development. What is more, more and more nowadays prospects are composed by two or more 3D sub-prospect, the differences between frequencies, energy levels and the ratios of signal to noise are definitely obvious, we can not perform finely construct analysis and interpretation of reservoir without solving these problems in matching different raw data. As for the prospect that composed by both seashore and marine ones, through the analysis on the characteristics on frequency, amplitude, polarity and multiples of land prospect and marine prospect, the methods on how to eliminate those differences mentioned above were researched, and this paper gives a series of methods includes the computing of matching factor, recognizing of time difference, recognizing of phase difference, matching frequency, collapsing of abnormal energy, frequency compensating and so on, to fulfill the attenuations of energy difference, frequency difference, time difference and phase difference, and what is more, improve the innovative methods: includes the quantities method to synthetically and automatically recognize time difference and phase difference on the basis of signal match technology and according to statistic rule. And distinct the differences on phase and frequency characteristics of received raw data between velocity seismometer and piezoelectricity seismometer, and deduces that there are 90 degrees gap between data from these two seismometers, thirdly, synthetically apply zone abnormal frequency processing, surface consistent abnormal frequency compensate, residual abnormal frequency compensate, stack time equilibrium and optimize the processing seis-flow, deal with the would-be problems, such as low signal and noise rate, low resolution, poor imaging and poor state of consistent. Gain excellent effect in Da-gang oil field.

Development of inversion-mode and junctionless Indium-Gallium-Arsenide MOSFETs

This PhD covers the development of planar inversion-mode and junctionless Al2O3/In0.53Ga0.47As metal-oxidesemiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). An implant activation anneal was developed for the formation of the source and drain (S/D) of the inversionmode MOSFET. Fabricated inversion-mode devices were used as test vehicles to investigate the impact of forming gas annealing (FGA) on device performance. Following FGA, the devices exhibited a subthreshold swing (SS) of 150mV/dec., an ION/IOFF of 104 and the transconductance, drive current and peak effective mobility increased by 29%, 25% and 15%, respectively. An alternative technique, based on the fitting of the measured full-gate capacitance vs gate voltage using a selfconsistent Poisson-Schrödinger solver, was developed to extract the trap energy profile across the full In0.53Ga0.47As bandgap and beyond. A multi-frequency inversion-charge pumping approach was proposed to (1) study the traps located at energy levels aligned with the In0.53Ga0.47As conduction band and (2) separate the trapped charge and mobile charge contributions. The analysis revealed an effective mobility (μeff) peaking at ~2850cm2/V.s for an inversion-charge density (Ninv) = 7*1011cm2 and rapidly decreasing to ~600cm2/V.s for Ninv = 1*1013 cm2, consistent with a μeff limited by surface roughness scattering. Atomic force microscopy measurements confirmed a large surface roughness of 1.95±0.28nm on the In0.53Ga0.47As channel caused by the S/D activation anneal. In order to circumvent the issue relative to S/D formation, a junctionless In0.53Ga0.47As device was developed. A digital etch was used to thin the In0.53Ga0.47As channel and investigate the impact of channel thickness (tInGaAs) on device performance. Scaling of the SS with tInGaAs was observed for tInGaAs going from 24 to 16nm, yielding a SS of 115mV/dec. for tInGaAs = 16nm. Flat-band μeff values of 2130 and 1975cm2/V.s were extracted on devices with tInGaAs of 24 and 20nm, respectively

Finite size effects in the presence of a chemical potential: A study in the classical nonlinear O(2) sigma model

In the presence of a chemical potential, the physics of level crossings leads to singularities at zero temperature, even when the spatial volume is finite. These singularities are smoothed out at a finite temperature but leave behind nontrivial finite size effects which must be understood in order to extract thermodynamic quantities using Monte Carlo methods, particularly close to critical points. We illustrate some of these issues using the classical nonlinear O(2) sigma model with a coupling β and chemical potential μ on a 2+1-dimensional Euclidean lattice. In the conventional formulation this model suffers from a sign problem at nonzero chemical potential and hence cannot be studied with the Wolff cluster algorithm. However, when formulated in terms of the worldline of particles, the sign problem is absent, and the model can be studied efficiently with the "worm algorithm." Using this method we study the finite size effects that arise due to the chemical potential and develop an effective quantum mechanical approach to capture the effects. As a side result we obtain energy levels of up to four particles as a function of the box size and uncover a part of the phase diagram in the (β,μ) plane. © 2010 The American Physical Society.

The G-protein-coupled receptor kinases beta ARK1 and beta ARK2 are widely distributed at synapses in rat brain.

The beta-adrenergic receptor kinase (beta ARK) phosphorylates the agonist-occupied beta-adrenergic receptor to promote rapid receptor uncoupling from Gs, thereby attenuating adenylyl cyclase activity. Beta ARK-mediated receptor desensitization may reflect a general molecular mechanism operative on many G-protein-coupled receptor systems and, particularly, synaptic neurotransmitter receptors. Two distinct cDNAs encoding beta ARK isozymes were isolated from rat brain and sequenced. The regional and cellular distributions of these two gene products, termed beta ARK1 and beta ARK2, were determined in brain by in situ hybridization and by immunohistochemistry at the light and electron microscopic levels. The beta ARK isozymes were found to be expressed primarily in neurons distributed throughout the CNS. Ultrastructurally, beta ARK1 and beta ARK2 immunoreactivities were present both in association with postsynaptic densities and, presynaptically, with axon terminals. The beta ARK isozymes have a regional and subcellular distribution consistent with a general role in the desensitization of synaptic receptors.

General rules for predicting where a catalytic reaction should occur on metal surfaces: A density functional theory study of C-H and C-O bond breaking/making on flat, stepped, and kinked metal surfaces

To predict where a catalytic reaction should occur is a fundamental issue scientifically. Technologically, it is also important because it can facilitate the catalyst's design. However, to date, the understanding of this issue is rather limited. In this work, two types of reactions, CH4 CH3 + H and CO C + 0 on two transition metal surfaces, were chosen as model systems aiming to address in general where a catalytic reaction should occur. The dissociations of CH4 - CH3 + H and CO --> C + O and their reverse reactions on flat, stepped, and kinked Rh and Pd surfaces were studied in detail. We find the following: First, for the CH4 Ch(3) + H reaction, the dissociation barrier is reduced by similar to0.3 eV on steps and kinks as compared to that on flat surfaces. On the other hand, there is essentially no difference in barrier for the association reaction of CH3 + H on the flat surfaces and the defects. Second, for the CO C + 0 reaction, the dissociation barrier decreases dramatically (more than 0.8 eV on Rh and Pd) on steps and kinks as compared to that on flat surfaces. In contrast to the CH3 + H reaction, the C + 0 association reaction also preferentially occurs on steps and kinks. We also present a detailed analysis of the reaction barriers in which each barrier is decomposed quantitatively into a local electronic effect and a geometrical effect. Our DFT calculations show that surface defects such as steps and kinks can largely facilitate bond breaking, while whether the surface defects could promote bond formation depends on the individual reaction as well as the particular metal. The physical origin of these trends is identified and discussed. On the basis of our results, we arrive at some simple rules with respect to where a reaction should occur: (i) defects such as steps are always favored for dissociation reactions as compared to flat surfaces; and (ii) the reaction site of the association reactions is largely related to the magnitude of the bonding competition effect, which is determined by the reactant and metal valency. Reactions with high valency reactants are more likely to occur on defects (more structure-sensitive), as compared to reactions with low valency reactants. Moreover, the reactions on late transition metals are more likely to proceed on defects than those on the early transition metals.

Radiative rates for E1, E2, M1 and M2 transitions in Fe X

Energies of the 54 levels belonging to the (1s(2)2s(2)2p(6)) 3s(2)3p(5), 3s3p(6), 3s(2)3p(4)3d and 3s3p(5)3d configurations of Fe X have been calculated using the GRASP code of Dyall et al. (1989). Additionally, radiative rates, oscillator strengths, and line strengths are calculated for all electric dipole (E1), magnetic dipole (M1), electric quadrupole (E2), and magnetic quadrupole (M2) transitions among these levels. Comparisons are made with results available in the literature, and the accuracy of the data is assessed. Our energy levels are estimated to be accurate to better than 3%, whereas results for other parameters are probably accurate to better than 20%. Additionally, the agreement between measured and calculated lifetimes is better than 10%.

Radiative rates for transitions in Fe XVII

Energies of the lowest 157 levels belonging to the (1s(2)) 2s(2)2p(6), 2s(2)p(5)3l, 2s(2)2p(5)4l, 2s(2)2p(5)4l, 2s2p(5)5l, 2s2p(6)4l and 2s2p(6)5l configurations of Fe XVII have been calculated using the GRASP code of Dyall et al. (1989). Additionally, radiative rates, oscillator strengths, and line strengths are calculated for all electric dipole (E I), magnetic dipole (M I), electric quadrupole (E2), and magnetic quadrupole (M2) transitions among these levels. Comparisons are made with the results already available in the literature, and the accuracy of the data is assessed. Our energy levels are expected to be accurate to better than M whereas results for other parameters are probably accurate to better than 20%.

Radiative rates, collision strengths and effective collision strengths for transitions in Gd XXXVII

Energy levels and radiative rates for transitions among 107 fine-structure levels belonging to the (1s(2)2S(2)p(6)) 3S(2)3p(6)3d(10), 3S(2)3p(6)3d(9)4e. 3S(2)3p(5)3d(10)4e. and 3s3p(6)3d(10)4e configurations of Ni-like Gd XXXVII have been calculated using the fully relativistic GRASP code. Radiative rates and oscillator strengths are tabulated for all allowed transitions among these levels. Additionally. collision strengths for transitions among the lowest 59 levels have been computed using the Dirac Atomic R-matrix Code. Resonances in the threshold region have been delineated, but results for collision strengths are tabulated only at energies above thresholds in the range 120

Oscillator strengths for transitions in C-like ions between K XIV and Mn XX

Energy levels and oscillator strengths (transition probabilities) have been calculated for transitions among 46 fine-structure levels of the (1s(2)) 2s(2) 2p(2), 2s2p(3),2p(4), 2s(2)2p3s, 2s(2) 2p3p and 2s(2)2p3d configurations of C-like K XIV, Sc XVI, Ti XVII, V XVIII, Cr XIX and Mn XX using the GRASP code. Configuration interaction and relativistic effects have been included while generating the wavefunctions. Calculated values of energy levels agree within 3% with the experimentally compiled results, and the length and velocity forms of oscillator strengths agree within 20% for a majority of allowed transitions.

Oscillator strengths for transitions in C-like ions between FIV and Ar XIII

Energy levels and oscillator strengths (transition probabilities) have been calculated for the fine-structure transitions among the levels of the (1s(2)) 2s(2)2p(2), 2s2p(3), 2p(4), 2s(2)2p3s, 2s(2)2p3p, and 2s(2)2p3d configurations of C-like F IV, Na VI, Al VIII, P X, Cl XII, and Ar XIII using the CIV3 program. The extensive configuration interaction and relativistic effects have been included while generating the wavefunctions. Calculated values of energy levels generally agree within 5% with the experimentally compiled results, and the length and velocity forms of oscillator strengths agree within 20% for a majority of allowed transitions.

Relativistic allowed and forbidden transition probabilities for fluorine-like Fe XVIII

Energy levels and the corresponding transition probabilities for allowed and forbidden transitions among the levels of the ground configuration and first 23 excited configurations of fluorine-like Fe XVIII have been calculated using the multiconfigurational Dirac-Fock GRASP code. A total of 379 lowest bound levels of Fe XVIII is presented, and the energy levels are identified in spectroscopic notations. Transition probabilities, oscillator strengths and line strengths for electric dipole (E1), electric quadrupole (E2) and magnetic dipole (M1) transitions among these 379 levels are also presented. The calculated energy levels and transition probabilities are compared with experimental data.

An investigation into the use of atomic datasets in simulations of the Ni-like gadolinium x-ray laser

The effect of differing the datasets used in the modelling of the Ni-like Gd x-ray laser (XRL) is examined through the 1.50 hydro-atomic code, EHYBRID. Two atomic datasets, including energy levels and radiative and collisional excitation rates, are used as input data for the code. It is found that the behaviour of the XRL is somewhat different than might be expected from superficial examination of the atomic data. The similarities in the gain profiles at low densities are found to have encouraging implications. in our attempts to model XRLs.

Inner-shell photoexcitation of Fe XV and Fe XVI

The configuration-interaction method as implemented in the computer code CIV3 is used to determine energy levels, electric dipole radiative transition wavelengths, oscillator strengths and transition probabilities for inner-shell excitation of transitions in Fe XV and Fe XVI. Specifically, transitions are considered of the type 1s(2) 2s(2) 2p(6) 3s(2) -1s(2) 2s(2) 2p(5) 3l3l' 3l" (l, l' and l" = s,p or d) in FeXV and 1s(2) 2s(2) 2p(6) 3s- 1s(2) 2s(2) 2p(5) 3l3l' (l and l' = s,p or d) in FeXVI, using the relativistic Breit-Pauli approach. An assessment of the accuracy of the derived atomic data is performed.

Ion-Atom/Argon - Calculation of ionization cross sections by fast ion impact for neutral target atoms ranging from hydrogen to argon

A FORTRAN 90 program is presented which calculates the total cross sections, and the electron energy spectra of the singly and doubly differential cross sections for the single target ionization of neutral atoms ranging from hydrogen up to and including argon. The code is applicable for the case of both high and low Z projectile impact in fast ion-atom collisions. The theoretical models provided for the program user are based on two quantum mechanical approximations which have proved to be very successful in the study of ionization in ion-atom collisions. These are the continuum-distorted-wave (CDW) and continuum-distorted-wave eikonal-initial-state (CDW-EIS) approximations. The codes presented here extend previously published. codes for single ionization of. target hydrogen [Crothers and McCartney, Comput. Phys. Commun. 72 (1992) 288], target helium [Nesbitt, O'Rourke and Crothers, Comput. Phys. Commun. 114 (1998) 385] and target atoms ranging from lithium to neon [O'Rourke, McSherry and Crothers, Comput. Phys. Commun. 131 (2000) 129]. Cross sections for all of these target atoms may be obtained as limiting cases from the present code. Title of program: ARGON Catalogue identifier: ADSE Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/cpc/summaries/ADSE Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library Queen's University of Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: none Computer for which the program is designed and others on which it is operable: Computers: Four by 200 MHz Pro Pentium Linux server, DEC Alpha 21164; Four by 400 MHz Pentium 2 Xeon 450 Linux server, IBM SP2 and SUN Enterprise 3500 Installations: Queen's University, Belfast Operating systems under which the program has been tested: Red-hat Linux 5.2, Digital UNIX Version 4.0d, AIX, Solaris SunOS 5.7 Compilers: PGI workstations, DEC CAMPUS Programming language used: FORTRAN 90 with MPI directives No. of bits in a word: 64, except on Linux servers 32 Number of processors used: any number Has the code been vectorized or parallelized? Parallelized using MPI No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 32 189 Distribution format: tar gzip file Keywords: Single ionization, cross sections, continuum-distorted-wave model, continuum- distorted-wave eikonal-initial-state model, target atoms, wave treatment Nature of physical problem: The code calculates total, and differential cross sections for the single ionization of target atoms ranging from hydrogen up to and including argon by both light and heavy ion impact. Method of solution: ARGON allows the user to calculate the cross sections using either the CDW or CDW-EIS [J. Phys. B 16 (1983) 3229] models within the wave treatment. Restrictions on the complexity of the program: Both the CDW and CDW-EIS models are two-state perturbative approximations. Typical running time: Times vary according to input data and number of processors. For one processor the test input data for double differential cross sections (40 points) took less than one second, whereas the test input for total cross sections (20 points) took 32 minutes. Unusual features of the program: none (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.

Dielectronic recombination in He-like titanium ions

Dielectronic recombination (DR) has been studied in highly charged He-like Ti ions using an electron beam ion trap. X-rays emitted from radiative recombination (RR) and DR were observed as the electron beam energy was scanned through the resonances. Differential DR resonant strengths were determined by normalizing the DR x-ray intensity to the RR intensity using theoretical RR cross sections. KLn (2 less than or equal to n less than or equal to 5) resonant strengths were determined for He-like Ti ions. The differential resonant strengths were calibrated without reference to any theoretical DR calculations while the electron energy scale was derived with reference to the well-known energy for ionization of the He-like and H-like ions from the ground state. Calibration in this way facilitates a more exacting comparison between theory and experiment than has been reported previously. To facilitate this comparison, total and differential theoretical resonance strengths were calculated. These calculations were found to be in good agreement with the measured results.