Reação postural de pacientes com doença de Parkinson e idosos sadios no teste de retropulsão instrumentado

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Impacto da doença de Parkinson sobre as características cinéticas e cinemáticas da tarefa de levantar e andar, em caidores e não caidores

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Efeito do nível de atividade física nas concentrações da ADAM 10 em sujeitos com doença de Alzheimer e saudáveis

Pós-graduação em Ciências da Motricidade - IBRC

Efeitos de pontos de contato corporal e orientação segmentar na sensibilidade háptica durante o uso do sistema âncora em tarefas de controle postural

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeitos preventivos do treinamento físico na expressão das proteínas Cox-2 e Vegf de ratos tratados com dexametasona

Dexamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid widely used to treat allergic and inflammatory processes. This drug is used in three main situations, are used to contain acute or chronic inflammatory processes, or like immunosuppressive drug's. In these cases the patient will receive high doses for a chronic period and, therefore, has a much greater chance of adverse side effects, such as hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia. Dexamethasone promotes deleterious effects on the arachidonic acid pathway, when administered in high doses, because it is a potent anti-inflammatory drug. We recently demonstrated that dexamethasone significantly reduces the protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in both skeletal muscle and heart, but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Meanwhile, exercise has been shown to be effective against high blood pressure, diabetes and dyslipidemia, promoting, among other factors, the increase in VEGF and angiogenesis. One possible explanation for these effects would be the creation of new vessels mediated by inflammation, or by the stimulation of the formation of products of the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA), such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and VEGF, by increasing the stimulation of the enzymes cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (COX-1 and COX-2). Little is known about the preventive effects of training on the action of dexamethasone in the arachidonic acid pathway. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether aerobic exercise training, performed before and concomitant treatment with dexamethasone, was able to prevent the effects of the dexamethasone in the protein expression of COX-2 and VEGF. For this, we used young Wistar rats (n = 40) which were randomly divided into 4 groups: sedentary control (SC), sedentary and treated with dexamethasone (SD), trained control (TC) and trained and treated with dexamethasone (TD). These rats performed aerobic exercise training, 60% of maximum capacity, 5

Efeitos preventivos do exercício físico sobre as proteínas ciclooxigenase-2 (COX-2) e fator de crescimento de vasos derivado do endotélio (VEGF) no músculo cardíaco em ratos tratados com dexametasona

Dexamethasone (DEXA) is a synthetic glucocorticoid widely used in the handling of several drugs, for its proven benefits in fighting inflammation and allergies. Despite their benefits, their chronic use leads to several side effects that include changes in the body in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Moreover, being an anti-inflammatory, acts on the arachidonic acid pathway, reducing the expression of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and growth factor derived from the endothelium of blood vessels (VEGF) in various tissues. However, its effects on the myocardium are still uncertain. The physical training (PT), in turn, promotes effects contrary to those caused by chronic use of DEXA, however, little is known about the preventive effects of TF in the side effects of Dexa in the myocardium. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if the TF has the ability to prevent and/or mitigate the effects of Dexa in protein expression of COX-2 and VEGF in the myocardium. Forty animals were divided into 4 groups: sedentary control (SC), sedentary treated with Dexa (SD), trained control (TC) and Trained treated with Dexa (TD) and submitted to a protocol of physical training on the treadmill for 70 days (1 h/day-5 days per week, 60% of physical capacity) or kept sedentary. Over the past 10 days, rats were treated with Dexa (Decadron, 0.5 mg/kg per day, ip) or saline. During training the animals were weighed weekly and during treatment daily. At the end of treatment was made to measure fasting glucose levels of animals. The rats were killed with excess anesthesia and cardiac muscle was removed, weighed, homogenized, centrifuged and stored at -20° C for analysis of protein expression of VEGF and COX-2 by Western blotting technique. Treatment with dexamethasone caused a weight loss of 18% in sedentary animals and 13% in trained as well as elevated levels of fasting glucose in sedentary (88%). The TF was unable to mitigate the loss in...

Efeitos preventivos do exercício físico na expressão da miostatina em ratos tratados com Dexametasona

Muscle atrophy is always associated with Dexamethasone (Dexa) treatment, however the mechanisms are not completely understood. This study investigated the effects of Dexa on myostatin and p70S6K protein expression and if previous exercise training (T) can attenuate these effects. Eighty rats were distributed into 4 groups: sedentary control (SC), sedentary treated with Dexa (SD; 0,5 mg/kg per day, i.p., 10 days), trained control (TC) and trained treated with Dexa (TD) and underwent a training period where they were either submitted to a running protocol (60% of physical capacity, 5 days/week for 8 weeks) or kept sedentary. After T period, animals underwent Dexa treatment concomitant with training. Western Blot was performed to identify myostatin and p70S6k protein expression in the tibialis anterior (TA) and soleus (SOL) muscle. Ten days of Dexa treatment increased fasting glucose (SD=+62%), however previous T attenuated this increase (TD=+20%, p<0.05). Dexa determined significant decrease in body weight in TD (-22%) and SD (-25%), followed by TA weight reduction in SD (-23%) and TD (-20%). Previous training could not avoid these decreases. Myostatin protein expression was not altered by dexa treatment or training in TA muscle but in SOL muscle it was significantly modified after T, regardless of treatment (TC=+%23 and TD=+25) compared with their respective controls. The protein p70S6K was not modified neither by dexa nor training in any of the analyzed muscle or condition. The results of this study allowed us to conclude that previous training attenuates the hyperglycemia induced by Dexa, however it did not prevent the body or muscle weight reductions. Even in the presence of muscle atrophy, the expression of myostatin and p70S6K do not justify the mechanisms of muscle loss induced by Dexa, which suggests that other catabolic or anabolic proteins could be involved in the process of muscle atrophy after 10 days of treatment with Dexa

Obesidade infantil: etiologia, consequências e formas de intervenção

Obesity is defined as excess body fat. It is considered today a serious public health problem and has reached high proportions in childhood and adolescence. Among factors highlight the lifestyle, poor diet and little physical activity for their development. Childhood obesity is not treated can become permanent in adulthood increases the risk of several diseases such as cardiovascular, metabolic and other disorders such as depression, low self-esteem among others. It's extreme need multidisciplinary intervention to prevent it, with guidelines on healthy eating habits and regular physical activity. Treatment is necessary in a multidisciplinary team of doctors, nutritionists, physical educators, psychologists and family that has a decisive weight in the treatment of obese children. The media could give more space for the disclosure of childhood obesity, so that the population is aware of this epidemic in a more serious understand its risks and health effects. This bibliographic study has character and aims to seek the causes of obesity, its consequences in adulthood and possible forms of intervention

Natação e desenvolvimento motor em idade escolar

Swimming is a sport well suited to any age group, it worked properly when the individual stimuli that provides assist in human development. But water stimulation, is not something that is so easily in physical education in Brazil. Development corresponds to changes that occur throughout life, but that depends on the stimuli provided. Several studies have shown positive effects of swimming in relation to the child. This study aimed to verify if children swimmers and physical education classes have better motor development than those who do not practice the sport. Collection was done with two groups of 10 students between 9 and 11 years. As a group consisting of non-swimmers, and another formed by those that complement the physical education class with the regular practice of swimming. To develop the study was administered a battery of the proposed motor adapted Rosa Neto (2002) in which each child performed tasks corresponding to their chronological age (CA) and were only able to perform the task at a later age, when it was obtained successful in completing the task as originally proposed. At the end of the application of all statistical tests was done getting mean and standard deviation of the old motor (IM), calculated the ratio General Motor (MGQ) for the classification of the child's motor development and application of the t test with p <0.05 to observe the level of significance in the results. The results showed that the group swimmers had better agility tests which resulted in a difference between (IC) and (IM) higher compared with the non-practitioner. They also had higher average (MGQ), but these were not sufficient to classify the group into another level of development, however, by observing isolated cases, two children that practice would be a greater level of development. Through the t test was observed that the group swimmers had significant difference in balance ability. We conclude that the swimming group got positive overall...

Aquisição da informação visual: controle da postura e do olhar

Postural control is needed to perform various daily activities, from staying in one posture, standing, to sports situations. Many studies have shown that sensory systems help to maintain posture stable; acquisition of perceptual information, particularly through head and eye movements, allows static and dynamic equilibrium. Research related to both motor behavior and physical activities such as gymnastics have contributed to a better understanding of complexities involved in human postural control. The purpose of this study was to review the related literature, searching for possible answers on how everyday and sports actions are performed, with respect to the control and maintenance of posture. Its focus was on how the human body acquires information from the sensory systems, vision in special, and how this information acts to support the control of posture and gaze

As demandas do corpo: os saberes e os fazeres dos professores das academias

Many professionals of Physical Education are included in the academies environment, very important space for dissemination of physical activity and increasingly attended by the population, due to the practicality of offering various activities in one location. This feature is essential in today's world, as people have less and less time to devote to body care. In pursuit of various goals, such as weight loss, lean mass gain (hypertrophy), aesthetics, health and leisure, attendees expect to reach them through the work of physical education professional. It is expected that this be prepared to meet the most varied demands and goals, so that students are satisfied with the service and obtain the desired results. The academy works as a means, a provider of space that provides tools for the teacher meet the needs of students; now this student has the role of establishing goals and engage in the search results. This study aimed to increase knowledge of the resources provided by the professionals of the academies in service to their customers

Aspectos psicopedagógicos da competição esportiva escolar

A escola é uma instituição qual a competição esta instalada intrinsecamente, e esta pedagogia se tornou atualmente muito controversa, pois esta gera diversas dúvidas para sua prática bem aplicada, e acaba, portanto, sendo simplesmente negada por diversos educadores. O fato é que a competição, como elemento fundamental do esporte, e, por sua vez, caracterizado dentro da cultura corporal, a faz elemento fundamental a ser executado dentro das aulas de Educação Física. Esta que passou historicamente por diferentes visões e vertentes, desde o militarismo até a utilização dos PCNs como principal ferramenta norteadora das aulas, tem estas mudanças temporalmente abruptas contribuintes para com a polarização veemente de opiniões acerca da competição esportiva na escola. O que acontece atualmente, seja por falta de preparo do professor, estudos sobre o assunto ou mesmo sobre essa constante negatória competitiva, faz com que ela seja erroneamente utilizada dentro das aulas de Educação Física e, uma ferramenta como esta, mal utilizada, acaba meramente espelhando os desportos perfomances de alto nível, onde se tem a vitória como principal foco ativo, o que acaba levando à exclusão de certos alunos menos habilidosos. Temos então de estudar esta potente ferramenta pedagógica que é a competição esportiva escolar, para que possamos utilizá-la de maneira correta, focando o processo educativo qual empreende esta competição e o desporto, se pautando em objetivos claros para que seja possível se obter uma competição com faces educativas fortes. Seria muito cômodo para nós educadores simplesmente ignorar esta face competitiva inerente à escola, inviabilizando, por conseguinte, um elemento rico e vasto de conteúdos e pedagogias em nossa área. Temos então de aceitar essa competição como um desafio, onde se estudam formas para recriá-la da melhor maneira pedagógica possível, se maximizando os efeitos benéficos desta...

Como as novas mídias constroem o corpo contemporâneo

O presente trabalho buscou relacionar as novas mídias e o corpo contemporâneo juntamente com a tecnologia, isso foi desenvolvido através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e descritiva. Foram usados buscadores eletrônicos para a consulta dos produtos científicos e acadêmicos, além dos itens convencionais de pesquisa, tais como, dissertações, teses e afins. Depois de feita toda a revisão com o material adequado e apoiada na literatura atual, consegui-se concluir que o corpo contemporâneo quando relacionado com as novas mídias atravessa não só o processo de transformação usual, mas o que vale ser destacado é a velocidade das mutações corporais que estes novos meios de comunicação exercem sobre os corpos atuais. Quando o foco passa para o corpo tecnológico, temos que este corpo é representado por uma espécie de maquina humana, que através de seus implantes e principalmente da biocompatibilidade da medicina se torna realidade na vida cotidiana e passa a despertar cada vez mais a atenção dos estudiosos do tema, outro ponto de destaque foi as duvidas e inquietações que as temáticas trouxeram ao mesmo tempo em que estas podem servir como desafio e impulsionar novos trabalhos nessa área

Efeito agudo do alongamento de diferentes grupos musculares no desempenho muscular de idosas

Among the numerous possibilities of physical exercise, it has been recommended that stretching routines should be incorporated into training programs focused on the elderly population, and that these routines should be preferentially performed on the same strength or aerobic training session. However, studies have shown that muscle strength production can be acutely impaired if it is preceded by static stretching exercises (AE). Although there seems to be a relationship between the number of stretched muscles and strength response, no studies were found examining such relationship in the same study, simultaneously. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze the acute effect of stretching of different muscle groups on strength performance in older women. Nineteen physically active older women participated in the study (67.8 ± 5.3 years, 68.9 ± 12.4 kg, 157.2 ± 6.4 cm)-usar ponto final em inglês e não vírgula. The participants visited the lab for six consecutive days, three of which were intended to familiarization. Over the next three days, all the participants performed the experimental conditions: control; quadriceps stretching alone and complete stretching, involving the major extensors muscle groups of knees and hips. Both the two stretching conditions were realized with three series of 30s (total volume of 90 seconds for each exercise). All experimental conditions was be performed with an interval of at least 24 hours and order of execution was be randomized. The force transducer was connected to a leg press apparatus, where the isometric force time curve and electromyographic activity of the vastus medial and vastus lateralis were recorded. Measurements were registered immediately after each experimental condition, during five seconds. Statistical analysis comprised descriptive procedures and the One way ANOVA test for repeated measures (p<0.05). No statistically significant differences between the control and the two...

Malabares como arte de viver

Juggling practices permeate the cultural heritage of many people for a long time. Not limited only to the circus, we see more and more an invasion of juggling in the streets, schools and other spaces (formal and informal), among whom the professional of Physical Education also operates. Given this context, it is ever more urgent the need to give more attention to this practice within the academic training, not only to better understand it but also to value it as an educational practice. It is in pursuit of this understanding and appreciation that asks: What learning to juggling practices brings to the professional future of Physical Education? Based on these, this study sought to map the learning incorporated in the researcher's relationship with this practice throughout their academic training. Therefore, the survey noted the juggling as art of living, that is, as a technique that was involved with the life of the researcher and contributing to enhance the course of their training. The investigation started a literature in which it was possible to situate this work within the context of studies approaching the Fitness to philosophical studies. This approach sought to map the effects of juggling practice on academic background - and the very subjectivity - a subject / researcher that folds on itself to move their training