Contaminação das águas por resíduos de medicamentos: Ênfase ao cloridrato de fluoxetina

The objective of this paper was to review data on residues of medical products in aquatic environments and at wastewater treatment plants. Secondarily the paper presents a discussion about the need for a good management of drugs residues and effluents generated by this sector. Bringing the evidences of environmental possible damages reported by ecotoxicity data on the effects of fluoxetine to Vibrio fischeri and H. azteca, aquatic organisms daily exposed to environmental contaminants. From the results we observed that 0.3 mg.l-1 of fluoxetine hidrochloride induced lethality to H. azteca and 30 mg.l-1 reduced the luminescence of Vibrio fischeri. This assay evidenced higher toxicity when we used the generic product.

Espacialização das estimativas de contaminação de águas subterrâneas por Tebuthiuron

Improper use of pesticides can lead to significant environmental impacts such as, contamination of environmental compartments, being the aquatic compartments the most vulnerable. In this context, the spatialization of pesticides concentrations estimative in groundwater provides important insights for decision making in managing and monitoring pesticides use. This study aimed to spatialize estimatives of groundwater contamination by Tebuthiuron, from different irrigation depths in the Rio Pardo basin, Pardinho-SP, Brazil. The simulations were performed using the ARAquá computer system, considering 0mm, 200 mm and 400 mm annual irrigation depths. Geostatistical techniques were used to obtain the spatial distribution of the simulated estimative. Tebuthiuron maps estimating concentration in groundwater were obtained by Kriging interpolation method, and indicated the areas with high potential for groundwater contamination. Considering all the simulations, it was concluded that there was no risk of groundwater contamination by Tebuthiuron in the study area.

Monitoramento temporal da pluma de contaminação no aterro de resíduos urbanos de Rio Claro (SP) por meio do método geofísico da eletrorresistividade

Several factors have contributed to the increase the world production of urban solid waste, resulting in difficulties to the correct management and the final environmentally appropriate disposal, in addition to causing serious socio-economic, environmental, and public health troubles. The soil and groundwater contamination by leachate in waste disposal sites is almost always present, leveraging the emergence and/or adaptation of methodologies for environmental assessment of these areas. The geophysical methods, especially the electrical resistivity method, are fast, reliable and low-cost alternative for this purpose. This paper reports the methodology adopted for the temporal monitoring of the plume of contamination of controlled landfill in the municipality of Rio Claro (SP). Electrical resistivity data were obtained in 1999 and 2008, by the resistivity method, using the techniques of vertical electrical sounding and electrical profile. In both years, similar tests were carried out in the same locations within the disposal area. The results indicated that the plume of contamination has resistivity values less than or equal to 50 ohm.m and moves guided by 2 flows: the main, to the southeast, and the secondary, to the west. Relatively to the first series of tests in 1999, the plume of contamination was higher and deeper in 2008, contrary to what was expected for a landfill deactivated for at least 10 years.

Desarrollo rural y programación urbana de alimentos

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Acúmulo de biomassa em variedades de cana-de-açúcar inoculadas com diferentes estirpes de bactérias diazotróficas

The objective of this study was to evaluate the contribution of inoculation with diazotrophs, applied both individually and in combination, in commercial varieties of sugarcane. The experiment was carried out at the experimental grounds of Embrapa Agrobiologia, in Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The experimental design was of randomised blocks, with sub-divided plots and six replications. Six varieties of sugarcane with six treatments were used: control, control with nitrogen, inoculation of the individual strains: BR 11512, BR 11724 and BR 11411, in addition to inoculation with a cocktail consisting of five strains of diazotrophs. Differences were observed between varieties and between treatments, and an interaction observed between the treatments and varieties. For all the parameters evaluated, no response was observed in the sugarcane varieties RB855536 and RB92606. In the variety RB918639, the only difference was in the accumulation of green biomass. No difference was observed between the treatments for total nitrogen accumulation. The most responsive variety to inoculation was RB867515, differing in the accumulation of fresh and dry biomass. This study showed that inoculation promotes the accumulation of biomass, the contribution being different for the varieties and strains of bacteria, suggesting an interaction between the factors studied. The variety RB867515 is promising for use in studies of inoculation with diazotrophs.

México: alza de precios de los alimentos y restricciones al crecimiento

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Contaminação das águas subterrâneas por nitrogênio devido à irrigação com efluente do tratamento de esgoto

Agriculture is an activity in which there is the possibility of using lower quality water and reuse appears as an alternative for irrigation. However, the negative environmental effects of reuse must be understood. The objective of the present work was to verify the potential of groundwater contamination by nitrogen duo to drip irrigation with effluent from domestic wastewater treatment. Three crop cycles of lettuce cv. Raider were conducted, the first between October and November 2009, the second in April and May 2010 and the third one in June and July 2010. The use of effluents was compared with potable water at accumulated water depths of 98.8 mm for the first, 98.4 mm for the second and 119 mm for the third cycle. Soil percolate concentrations of nitrate, nitrite and ammonia were studied at 0.25 m and 0.50 m depths in a completely randomized design. Percolate concentrations of nitrite and ammonia in soil irrigated with effluents showed no groundwater contamination risk. Nitrate however, caused concern, albeit with similar concentrations for both effluent and potable water.

Participación del campesino peruano en la producción y abastecimiento de alimentos

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Agricultura campesina y los mercados de alimentos: el caso de Bolivia

El documento LC/L.310/Add.1 corresponde a un anexo estadístico preparado por el señor José Blanes

Atividade proteolìtica de bactérias psicrotróficas em leites estocados em diferentes temperaturas

The widespread use of cooling technology as a tool for maintaining the microbiological and organoleptic characteristics of milk, Without effective hygienic practices throughout the milk production, caused the psychrotrophic micro-organisms to become major deteriorative bacteria in the dairy industry. The present study aimed to assess how the proteolytic psychrotrophic metabolism responds to different milk storage temperatures, drawing a parallel among psychrotrophic growth, amount of micro-organisms capable of breaking down proteins and amount of GMP (glycomacropeptide) released. Milk samples were collected directly from the cooling tank and subjected to count of psychrotrophs, count of proteolytic micro-organisms and the concentration of GMP at different storage times and temperatures. There was no linearity between the microbiological parameters and the GMP measured, according to the time/temperature binomial. The highest concentration of GMP (5.07 mg/mL) was measured in the binomial 8°C/24h (T8/ M24). The data make clear the need for further studies about questions involving the psychrotrophic microbiota in order to clarify extremely important basic questions about their metabolism.

Avaliação microbiológica do camarão da Amazônia (Macrobrachium amazonicum) e sua relação com o ambiente de criação na carcinicultura

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Alterações hematológicas e hormonais em fêmeas de jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) provocadas por estresse mecânico e contaminação da água por herbicida a base de glifosato

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)