Matemática e estatística aplicadas a gestão da qualidadade nos cursos de Engenharia de Produção no Brasil: um contraponto entre a formação e o mercado de trabalho

Pós-graduação em Educação Matemática - IGCE

Procedimento para homologação de sistemas ecoeficientes para obtenção de créditos de carbono

This paper deals with the homologation process for obtaining carbon credits through the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), that regulates the greenhouse gases reductions under the rules of the Kyoto Protocol. The CDM evaluates projects through a project cycle, which begins with the preparation of the Project Design Document (PDD) until the project certification to receive Certified Emission Reductions (CERs), popularly known as carbon credits. This study analyzed the implementation of the system Burner Recorder System for Low Flows of Biogas (QRBBV), developed by Marcelino Junior & Godoy (2009), in an eco-friendly wastewater treatment mini-plant (miniEETERA), built at the site of UNESP - Guaratinguetá SP. The QRBBV system is low cost and high reliability, developed to burn the methane generated at sites of low and variable production of biogas, which is not economically justified their energy recovery. Currently, almost all wastewater generated at the site of the campus is being treated by miniEETERA and, as a result, the biogas originated by this activity is being released into the atmosphere. Therefore, the project activity aims to capture and burn the biogas generated by miniEETERA, reducing the negative effects caused by the methane emissions into the atmosphere and, thus, claim to receive carbon credits. This work aimed to demonstrate the project applicability under CDM through the study and preparation of the PDD, as well as an analysis of the entire project cycle required for homologation. The result of the work obtained an estimate of only 20 CERs per year and proved to be economically unviable for approval through the CDM, since the spending with the approval process would not be compensated with the sale of CERs, mainly due the low carbon price in the world market. From an environmental standpoint, the project is perfectly... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Construção Enxuta e a utilização dos seus conceitos por construtoras paulistas certificadas segundo o PBQP-H e o QUALIHAB

The civil construction sector has been stimulated to industrialize itself by the adoption of Lean Construction practices in its constructive process. Given this fact, this research verify and identify Lean Tools and the level of application of these Tools in construction companies in the State of São Paulo, in order to be able to notice which Lean Concepts generate the highest benefits to these companies. The research method used was a survey applied only between construction companies that have some type of quality certificate. From the results, a data analysis was made in order to note the constructor's situation in relation to Lean Construction and, based on this analysis, verify the impact of the Lean Principles on the competitiveness of these companies and on the business performance. This way, it was possible to note a high level of application the Lean Tools by the responding companies. It also became clear, by means of this work: the strong influence of the concepts of Flow, of Continuous Improvement and of methods of prevention and resolutions of problems on the overall companies performance

EDiferentes tipologias de edificação e o ser sustentável mediante o LEED e o CBCS

The principles and dimensions of sustainability concept is increasingly gaining ground within the building industry. Over the past decades, its applicability within the different environments and for different buildings typologies have been study to attend better the present populations and future generations. It is within this scenario that international certifications started to appear. The most famous and developed one being LEED certification system. In Brazil, as a support to the certification and also sustainability practices and conducts, was founded the Brazilian Council for Sustainable Construction (CBCS). The council and the certifications have the objective to disseminate and generate awareness to reduce energy and water consumption, aiming for life quality. Many constructions around de country have already the international certification, which also boost the rise of national certifications with specific criteria for the national context. However, such certificates are mainly destiny for medium and high standard buildings, often as a commercial advantage to explain the high costs. The purpose of this work is to be able to define what is being sustainable in the construction industry, taking for basis, LEED and CBCS. In addition, since there is a significant increase in the production of Housing Social Interest, the other angles will be to analyze how to apply the practices and sustainable technologies for low-cost projects with the objective to balance the three dimensions of sustainability: environmental, social and economics.

Matemática e estatística aplicadas a gestão da qualidadade nos cursos de Engenharia de Produção no Brasil: um contraponto entre a formação e o mercado de trabalho

Pós-graduação em Educação Matemática - IGCE

Procedimento para homologação de sistemas ecoeficientes para obtenção de créditos de carbono

This paper deals with the homologation process for obtaining carbon credits through the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), that regulates the greenhouse gases reductions under the rules of the Kyoto Protocol. The CDM evaluates projects through a project cycle, which begins with the preparation of the Project Design Document (PDD) until the project certification to receive Certified Emission Reductions (CERs), popularly known as carbon credits. This study analyzed the implementation of the system Burner Recorder System for Low Flows of Biogas (QRBBV), developed by Marcelino Junior & Godoy (2009), in an eco-friendly wastewater treatment mini-plant (miniEETERA), built at the site of UNESP - Guaratinguetá SP. The QRBBV system is low cost and high reliability, developed to burn the methane generated at sites of low and variable production of biogas, which is not economically justified their energy recovery. Currently, almost all wastewater generated at the site of the campus is being treated by miniEETERA and, as a result, the biogas originated by this activity is being released into the atmosphere. Therefore, the project activity aims to capture and burn the biogas generated by miniEETERA, reducing the negative effects caused by the methane emissions into the atmosphere and, thus, claim to receive carbon credits. This work aimed to demonstrate the project applicability under CDM through the study and preparation of the PDD, as well as an analysis of the entire project cycle required for homologation. The result of the work obtained an estimate of only 20 CERs per year and proved to be economically unviable for approval through the CDM, since the spending with the approval process would not be compensated with the sale of CERs, mainly due the low carbon price in the world market. From an environmental standpoint, the project is perfectly... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Construção Enxuta e a utilização dos seus conceitos por construtoras paulistas certificadas segundo o PBQP-H e o QUALIHAB

The civil construction sector has been stimulated to industrialize itself by the adoption of Lean Construction practices in its constructive process. Given this fact, this research verify and identify Lean Tools and the level of application of these Tools in construction companies in the State of São Paulo, in order to be able to notice which Lean Concepts generate the highest benefits to these companies. The research method used was a survey applied only between construction companies that have some type of quality certificate. From the results, a data analysis was made in order to note the constructor's situation in relation to Lean Construction and, based on this analysis, verify the impact of the Lean Principles on the competitiveness of these companies and on the business performance. This way, it was possible to note a high level of application the Lean Tools by the responding companies. It also became clear, by means of this work: the strong influence of the concepts of Flow, of Continuous Improvement and of methods of prevention and resolutions of problems on the overall companies performance

EDiferentes tipologias de edificação e o ser sustentável mediante o LEED e o CBCS

The principles and dimensions of sustainability concept is increasingly gaining ground within the building industry. Over the past decades, its applicability within the different environments and for different buildings typologies have been study to attend better the present populations and future generations. It is within this scenario that international certifications started to appear. The most famous and developed one being LEED certification system. In Brazil, as a support to the certification and also sustainability practices and conducts, was founded the Brazilian Council for Sustainable Construction (CBCS). The council and the certifications have the objective to disseminate and generate awareness to reduce energy and water consumption, aiming for life quality. Many constructions around de country have already the international certification, which also boost the rise of national certifications with specific criteria for the national context. However, such certificates are mainly destiny for medium and high standard buildings, often as a commercial advantage to explain the high costs. The purpose of this work is to be able to define what is being sustainable in the construction industry, taking for basis, LEED and CBCS. In addition, since there is a significant increase in the production of Housing Social Interest, the other angles will be to analyze how to apply the practices and sustainable technologies for low-cost projects with the objective to balance the three dimensions of sustainability: environmental, social and economics.

Photophysical properties and interactions of xanthene dyes in aqueous micelles

Photosensitizers (PS) photodynamic activities are regulated by their location in the biological target, which modulates their photophysical and photochemical features. In this work the PS partition for the Xanthene Dyes Fluorescein (FSC), Eosin Y(EOS), Erythrosin B (ERY) and Rose Bengal B (RBB) in biomimetic models (SDS, CTAB and Pluronic P-123 micelles) and the effects on their photophysical characteristics are evaluated. The hydrophobic and electrostatic forces that govern the PS-micelle interaction are analyzed. At physiological pH (7.25), the ability of the dianionic protolytic form of the dyes to be positioned into the micelle palisade and its micelle interaction depends not only on the hydrophobicity of the dye but also on the micellar surface charge. The Binding Constants obey exactly the same order of the Partition Coefficients for the dyes in P-123 and CTAB micelles. The Stern-Volmer treatment pointed out that dyes are located inside the micelle, especially ERY and RBB. The magnitude of the dye-micelle interaction increased from SDS, P-123 and finally CTAB micelles due to the charges between dye and micelle, and among the xanthenes, their hydrophobic characteristics. Within the micelle pseudo phase, ERY and RBB are still very efficient photosensitizers exhibiting high quantum yield of singlet oxygen, which turns them very attractive especially with P-123 polymeric system as drug delivery systems in photodynamic therapy. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Gestão ambiental e interesses corporativos: imagem ambiental ou novas relações com o ambiente?

Este artigo trata da emergência de um novo sistema de comunicação ambiental a serviço das grandes corporações. Este sistema agrega novos agentes entre os quais podemos destacar: ONGs supostamente ambientalistas, empresas de certificação ambiental, instituições que promovem premiações ambientais. Argumenta-se que esta situação transformou as condições em que ocorre o embate sobre as questões ambientais e sobre as potenciais soluções para estas questões. A pesquisa funda-se em uma revisão da literatura sobre o assunto e em uma análise qualitativa de um conjunto de publicidades brasileiras que se utiliza de temas ambientais. Neste conjunto de publicidades, aparecem elementos para construirmos hipóteses sobre as articulações realizadas pelo setor corporativo para responder ao desafio ambientalista.

Analisi spaziale della longevità in Emilia-Romagna

Negli ultimi anni la longevità è divenuto un argomento di notevole interesse in diversi settori scientifici. Le ricerche volte ad indagare i meccanismi che regolano i fattori della longevità si sono moltiplicate nell’ultimo periodo interessando, in maniera diversa, alcune regioni del territorio italiano. Lo studio presentato nella tesi ha l’obiettivo di identificare eventuali aggregazioni territoriali caratterizzate da una significativa propensione alla longevità nella regione Emilia-Romagna mediante l’impiego di metodologie di clustering spaziale, alcune delle quali di recente implementazione. La popolazione in esame è costituita dagli individui residenti in Emilia- Romagna nel quinquennio 2000-2004 suddivisa in classi di età, sesso e comune. L’analisi è di tipo puramente spaziale, in cui l’unità geografica elementare è identificata dal comune, ed è stata condotta separatamente per i due sessi. L’identificazione delle aree regionali ad elevata longevità è avvenuta utilizzando quattro metodologie di clustering spaziale, basate sulla teoria della massima verosimiglianza, che si differenziano tra loro per la modalità di ricerca dei potenziali clusters. La differenza consiste nella capacità di identificare aggregazioni territoriali di forma regolare (spatial scan statistic, Kulldorff e Nagarwalla,1995; Kulldorff,1997, 1999) o dall’andamento geometrico “libero” (flexible scan statistic, Tango e Takahashi,2005; algoritmo genetico, Duczmal et al.,2007; greedy growth search, Yiannakoulias et al.,2007). Le caratteristiche di ciascuna metodologia consentono, in tal modo, di “catturare” le possibili conformazioni geografiche delle aggregazioni presenti sul territorio e la teoria statistica di base, comune ad esse, consente di effettuare agevolmente un confronto tra i risultati ottenuti. La persistenza di un’area caratterizzata da un’elevata propensione alla longevità consente, infatti, di ritenere il cluster identificato di notevole interesse per approfondimenti successivi. Il criterio utilizzato per la valutazione della persistenza di un cluster è stato derivato dalla teoria dei grafi, con particolare riferimento ai multigrafi. L’idea è confrontare, a parità di parametri di ricerca, i grafi associati alle aggregazioni spaziali identificate con le diverse metodologie attraverso una valutazione delle occorrenze dei collegamenti esistenti tra le coppie di vertici. Alcune valutazioni di carattere demografico ed un esame della letteratura esistente sugli studi di longevità, hanno indotto alla definizione di una classe (aperta) di età per rappresentare il fenomeno nella nostra ricerca: sono stati considerati gli individui con età superiore o uguale a 95 anni (indicata con 95+). La misura di sintesi utilizzata per descrivere il fenomeno è un indicatore specifico di longevità, mutuato dalla demografia, indicato con Centenarian Rate (CR) (Robine e Caselli, 2005). Esso è definito dal rapporto tra la popolazione 95+ e la popolazione residente, nello stesso comune, al censimento del 1961. L’idea alla base del CR è confrontare gli individui longevi di un istante temporale con quelli presenti, nella stessa area, circa 40 anni prima dell’osservazione, ipotizzando che l’effetto migratorio di una popolazione possa ritenersi trascurabile oltre i 60 anni di età. La propensione alla longevità coinvolge in maniera diversa le aree del territorio dell’Emilia-Romagna. Le province della regione caratterizzate da una maggiore longevità sono Bologna, Ravenna e parte di Forlì-Cesena mentre la provincia di Ferrara si distingue per un livello ridotto del fenomeno. La distinzione per sesso non appare netta: gli uomini con età 95+, numericamente inferiori alle donne, risiedono principalmente nei comuni delle province di Bologna e Ravenna, con qualche estensione nel territorio forlivese, analogamente a quanto accade per la popolazione femminile che mostra, tuttavia, una maggiore prevalenza nei territori di Bologna e Forlì-Cesena, includendo alcune aree del riminese. Le province occidentali della regione, invece, non risultano interessate significativamente da questo fenomeno. Le metodologie di cluster detection utilizzate nello studio hanno prodotto risultati pressoché simili seppur con criteri di ricerca differenti. La spatial scan statistic si conferma una metodologia efficace e veloce ma il vincolo geometrico regolare imposto al cluster condiziona il suo utilizzo, rivelando una scarsa adattabilità nell’identificazione di aggregazioni irregolari. La metodologia FSC ha evidenziato buone capacità di ricerca e velocità di esecuzione, completata da una descrizione chiara e dettagliata dei risultati e dalla possibilità di poter visualizzare graficamente i clusters finali, anche se con un livello minimo di dettaglio. Il limite principale della metodologia è la dimensione ridotta del cluster finale: l’eccessivo impegno computazionale richiesto dalla procedura induce a fissare il limite massimo al di sotto delle 30 aree, rendendola così utilizzabile solo nelle indagini in cui si ipotizza un’estensione limitata del fenomeno sul territorio. L’algoritmo genetico GA si rivela efficace nell’identificazione di clusters di qualsiasi forma ed estensione, seppur con una velocità di esecuzione inferiore rispetto alle procedure finora descritte. Senza un’adeguata selezione dei parametri di ricerca,la procedura può individuare clusters molto irregolari ed estesi, consigliando l’uso di penalizzazione non nulla in fase di ricerca. La scelta dei parametri di ricerca non è comunque agevole ed immediata e, spesso, è lasciata all’esperienza del ricercatore. Questo modo di procedere, in aggiunta alla mancanza di informazioni a priori sul fenomeno, aumenta il grado di soggettività introdotto nella selezione dei parametri influenzando i risultati finali. Infine, la metodologia GGS richiede un carico computazionale nettamente superiore rispetto a quello necessario per le altre metodologie utilizzate e l’introduzione di due parametri di controllo favorisce una maggiore arbitrarietà nella selezione dei valori di ricerca adeguati; inoltre, la recente implementazione della procedura e la mancanza di studi su dati reali inducono ad effettuare un numero maggiore di prove durante la fase di ricerca dei clusters.

Catch and by-catch analyses of tropical tuna fishery in the Gulf of Guinea from 2010 to 2012.

Canned tuna is one of the most widespread and recognizable fish commodities in the world. Over all oceans 80% of the total tuna catches are caught by purse seine fishery and in tropical waters their target species are: yellowfin (Thunnus albacares), bigeye (Thunnus obesus) and skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis). Even if this fishing gear is claimed to be very selective, there are high levels of by-catch especially when operating under Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs). The main problem is underestimation of by-catch data. In order to solve this problem the scientific community has developed many specific programs (e.g. Observe Program) to collect data about both target species and by-catch with observers onboard. The purposes of this study are to estimate the quantity and composition of target species and by-catch by tuna purse seiner fishery operating in tropical waters and to underline a possible seasonal variability in the by-catch ratio (tunas versus by-catch). Data were collected with the French scientific program ”Observe” on board of the French tuna purse seiner “Via Avenir” during a fishing trip in the Gulf of Guinea (C-E Atlantic) from August to September 2012. Furthermore some by-catch specimens have been sampled to obtain more information about size class composition. In order to achieve those purposes we have shared our data with the French Institute of Research for the Development (IRD), which has data collected by observers onboard in the same study area. Yellowfin tuna results to be the main specie caught in all trips considered (around 71% of the total catches) especially on free swimming schools (FSC) sets. Instead skipjack tuna is the main specie caught under FADs. Different percentages of by-catch with the two fishing modes are observed: the by-catch incidence is higher on FADs sets (96.5% of total by-catch) than on FSC sets (3.5%) and the main category of by-catch is little-tuna (73%). When pooling data for both fishing sets used in purse seine fishery the overall by-catch/catch ratio is 5%, a lower level than in other fishing gears like long-lining and trawling.

3D-electron microscopy of different conformations of cephalopod hemocyanins

Die Hämocyanine der Cephalopoden Nautilus pompilius und Sepia officinalis sorgen für den Sauerstofftransport zwischen den Kiemen und den Geweben. Sie bestehen aus einem zylindrischen Dekamer mit interner Kragenstruktur. Während eine Untereinheit (also eine Polypeptidkette) bei NpH aus sieben paralogen funktionellen Domänen (FU-a bis FU-g) besteht, führte ein Genduplikationsereignis der FU-d zu acht FUs in SoH (a, b, c, d, d´, e, f, g). In allen Mollusken Hämocyaninen bilden sechs dieser FUs den äußeren Ring und die restlichen die interne Kragenstruktur. rnrnIn dieser Arbeit wurde ein dreidimensionales Modell des Hämocyanins von Sepia officinalis (SoH) erstellt. Die Rekonstruktion, mit einer Auflösung von 8,8Å (FSC=0,5), erlaubt das Einpassen von Homolologiemodellen und somit das Erstellen eines molekularen Modells mit pseudo atomarer Auflösung. Des Weiteren wurden zwei Rekonstruktionen des Hämocyanins von Nautilus pompilius (NpH) in verschiedenen Oxygenierungszuständen erstellt. Die auf 10 und 8,1Å aufgelösten Modelle zeigen zwei verschiedene Konformationen des Proteins. Daraus ließ sich eine Modellvorstellung über die allosterische Funktionsweise ableiten. Die hier erreichte Auflösung von 8Å ist die momentan höchste eines Molluskenhämocyanins. rnAuf Grundlage des molekularen Modells von SoH konnte die Topologie des Proteins aufgeklärt werden. Es wurde gezeigt, dass die zusätzliche FU-d´ in den Kragen integriert ist und somit die prinzipielle Wandarchitektur aller Mollusken Hämocyanine identisch ist. Wie die Analyse des erstellten molekularen Modells zeigt werden sind die beiden Isoformen (SoH1 und SoH2) in den Bereichen der Interfaces nahezu identisch; auch der Vergleich mit NpH zeigt grosse Übereinstimmungen. Des weiteren konnte eine Fülle von Informationen bezüglich der allosterischen Signalübertragung innerhalb des Moleküls gewonnen werden. rnDer Versuch, NpH in verschiedenen Oxygenierungszuständen zu zeigen, war erfolgreich. Die Datensätze, die unter zwei atmosphärischen Bedingungen präpariert wurden, führten reproduzierbar zu zwei unterschiedlichen Rekonstruktionen. Dies zeigt, daß der hier entwickelte experimentelle Ansatz funktioniert. Er kann nun routinemäßig auf andere Proteine angewandt werden. Wie der strukturelle Vergleich zeigte, verändert sich die Orientierung der FUs durch die Oxygenierung leicht. Dies wiederum beeinflusst die Anordnung innerhalb der Interfaces sowie die Abstände zwischen den beteiligten Aminosäuren. Aus dieser Analyse konnte eine Modellvorstellung zum allosterischen Signaltransfer innerhalb des Moleküls abgeleitet werden, die auf einer Umordnung von Salzbrücken basiert.

Mappatura ed ottimizzazione dei flussi logistici di prodotti ortofrutticoli. Un caso italiano della grande distribuzione.

Il mercato agroalimentare sta conoscendo, soprattutto negli ultimi anni, una evoluzione sia dal punto di vista normativo sia legato alla crescente richiesta da parte dell’opinione pubblica di caratteristiche di trasparenza, tracciabilità e sostenibilità ambientale, economica e sociale. La sostenibilità della Food Supply Chain rappresenta una problematica di grande interesse in termini di ricadute di impatto ambientale e depauperamento delle risorse. L’obiettivo di fornire strumenti decisionali utili per tutti gli operatori della Food Supply Chain ha comportato lo sviluppo di specifiche metodologie e di supporto alle decisioni. L'introduzione di una maggiore integrazione tra gli attori coinvolti nella FSC può portare a migliorare la sostenibilità dei sistemi alimentari. Nel presente lavoro è stato preso in considerazione un caso concreto in cui si è analizzata la filiera dei prodotti ortofrutticoli afferenti al centro di distribuzione di una catena della GDO, con un focus sui prodotti trattati e destinati all’area della provincia di Ravenna. La mappatura dei flussi di provenienza e destinazione delle merci ha permesso di analizzare strutturalmente i canali dei fornitori. Le informazioni acquisite sono state implementate su un database per consentirne la modellizzazione e l’analisi quantitativa dei flussi di prodotto ortofrutticolo. I dati sono stai elaborati attraverso l’uso della piattaforma software che ha collocato nello spazio i vari nodi logistici in modo da calcolarne le distanze reciproche e pianificare gli itinerari di viaggio. In questo modo è stato possibile simulare ogni singola spedizione a partire dall’aggregazione della domanda alle singole missioni di consegna, tenendo in considerazione i mezzi di trasporto selezionati. La scelta di un particolare tipo di veicolo, la sua velocità, la capacità massima del mezzo in termini di kg e m3, ha determinato il numero di spedizioni. Su queste basi è stato possibile eseguire il calcolo dell’impatto ambientale della distribuzione logistica e formulare quindi ipotesi di sviluppo futuro.

Spindle cell oncocytoma of the pituitary gland with follicle-like component: organotypic differentiation to support its origin from folliculo-stellate cells

Spindle cell oncocytoma (SCO) is a rare, non-adenomatous tumor originating from the anterior pituitary gland. Composed of fusiform, mitochondrion-rich cells sharing several immunophenotypic and ultrastructural properties with folliculo-stellate cells (FSC), SCO has been proposed to represent a neoplastic counterpart of the latter. To date, however, SCO has failed to meet one criterion commonly used in histological-based taxonomy and diagnostics; that of recapitulating any of FSCs' morphologically defined developmental or physiological states. We describe a unique example of SCO wherein a conventional fascicular texture was seen coexisting with and organically merging into follicle-like arrangements. The sellar tumor of 2.7 × 2.6 × 2.5 cm was transphenoidally resected from a 55-year old female. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging indicated an isointense, contrast enhancing mass with suprasellar extension. Histology showed multiple rudimentary to well-formed, follicle-like cavities on a classical spindle cell background; while all the participating cells exhibited an SCO immunophenotype, including positivity for S100 protein, vimentin, EMA, Bcl-2, and TTF-1, as well as staining with the antimitochondrial antibody 113-1. Conversely no expression of GFAP, follicular-epithelial cytokeratin, carcinoembryonic antigen, or anterior pituitary hormones was detected. Ultrastructurally, tumor cells facing follicular lumina displayed organelles of epithelial specialization, in particular surface microvilli and apical tight junctions. This constellation is felt to be reminiscent of FSCs' metaplastic transition to follicular epithelium, as observed during embryonic development and physiological renewal of the hormone-secreting parenchyma. Such finding is apt to being read as a supporting argument for SCO's descent from the FSC lineage.