Proceedings of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Tenth Water Reactor Safety Research Information Meeting, held at National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, Maryland, October 12-15, 1982 /

Includes papers describing research sponsored by the Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, NRC.

Government of public education for adequate policy making.

Includes bibliographical references.

Drug program report : the National Training System, a year of transition, 1981-1982.

"Written for the Training Division, National Institute on Drug Abuse by the Career Development Center, HCS, Inc., ... under contract number 271-80-4807"--T.p. verso.

Proceedings of the Annual Conference

Mode of access: Internet.

Quantification of the magnification and distortion effects of a pediatric flexible video-bronchoscope

Background: Flexible video bronchoscopes, in particular the Olympus BF Type 3C160, are commonly used in pediatric respiratory medicine. There is no data on the magnification and distortion effects of these bronchoscopes yet important clinical decisions are made from the images. The aim of this study was to systematically describe the magnification and distortion of flexible bronchoscope images taken at various distances from the object. Methods: Using images of known objects and processing these by digital video and computer programs both magnification and distortion scales were derived. Results: Magnification changes as a linear function between 100 mm ( x 1) and 10 mm ( x 9.55) and then as an exponential function between 10 mm and 3 mm ( x 40) from the object. Magnification depends on the axis of orientation of the object to the optic axis or geometrical axis of the bronchoscope. Magnification also varies across the field of view with the central magnification being 39% greater than at the periphery of the field of view at 15 mm from the object. However, in the paediatric situation the diameter of the orifices is usually less than 10 mm and thus this limits the exposure to these peripheral limits of magnification reduction. Intraclass correlations for measurements and repeatability studies between instruments are very high, r = 0.96. Distortion occurs as both barrel and geometric types but both types are heterogeneous across the field of view. Distortion of geometric type ranges up to 30% at 3 mm from the object but may be as low as 5% depending on the position of the object in relation to the optic axis. Conclusion: We conclude that the optimal working distance range is between 40 and 10 mm from the object. However the clinician should be cognisant of both variations in magnification and distortion in clinical judgements.

Occupational information: What children want to know

The present exploratory-descriptive cross-national study focuses on what information children believe they need to find out about jobs. In total, 511 South African and 372 Australian children participated in the study. The present paper reports on the findings related to one item of the Revised Career Awareness Survey used in the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study revealed that the nature of information the children needed to find out was related to life/career implications and life/career management tasks and to a lesser extent to interests and personal characteristics and the nature of work. The implications of the findings for career guidance and counseling practice are discussed.

A windows program for the derivation of steady-state equations in enzyme systems

Despite the number of computer-assisted methods described for the derivation of steady-state equations of enzyme systems, most of them are focused on strict steady-state conditions or are not able to solve complex reaction mechanisms. Moreover, many of them are based on computer programs that are either not readily available or have limitations. We present here a computer program called WinStes, which derives equations for both strict steady-state systems and those with the assumption of rapid equilibrium, for branched or unbranched mechanisms, containing both reversible and irreversible conversion steps. It solves reaction mechanisms involving up to 255 enzyme species, connected by up to 255 conversion steps. The program provides all the advantages of the Windows programs, such as a user-friendly graphical interface, and has a short computation time. WinStes is available free of charge on request from the authors. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Formal change impact analyses for emulated control software

Processor emulators are a software tool for allowing legacy computer programs to be executed on a modern processor. In the past emulators have been used in trivial applications such as maintenance of video games. Now, however, processor emulation is being applied to safety-critical control systems, including military avionics. These applications demand utmost guarantees of correctness, but no verification techniques exist for proving that an emulated system preserves the original system’s functional and timing properties. Here we show how this can be done by combining concepts previously used for reasoning about real-time program compilation, coupled with an understanding of the new and old software architectures. In particular, we show how both the old and new systems can be given a common semantics, thus allowing their behaviours to be compared directly.

Interference between propagating changes and its effect on system failure

Computer-based, socio-technical systems projects are frequently failures. In particular, computer-based information systems often fail to live up to their promise. Part of the problem lies in the uncertainty of the effect of combining the subsystems that comprise the complete system; i.e. the system's emergent behaviour cannot be predicted from a knowledge of the subsystems. This paper suggests uncertainty management is a fundamental unifying concept in analysis and design of complex systems and goes on to indicate that this is due to the co-evolutionary nature of the requirements and implementation of socio-technical systems. The paper shows a model of the propagation of a system change that indicates that the introduction of two or more changes over time can cause chaotic emergent behaviour.

Mutation analysis to verify feature matrices for isolating errors in simulation models

Software simulation models are computer programs that need to be verified and debugged like any other software. In previous work, a method for error isolation in simulation models has been proposed. The method relies on a set of feature matrices that can be used to determine which part of the model implementation is responsible for deviations in the output of the model. Currrently these feature matrices have to be generated by hand from the model implementation, which is a tedious and error-prone task. In this paper, a method based on mutation analysis, as well as prototype tool support for the verification of the manually generated feature matrices is presented. The application of the method and tool to a model for wastewater treatment shows that the feature matrices can be verified effectively using a minimal number of mutants.

PERCEPÇÃO DE SUCESSO NA CARREIRA E RESILIÊNCIA: UM ESTUDO COM ADMINISTRADORES

Sucesso profissional está relacionado à satisfação do indivíduo com a sua carreira em longo prazo. Essa satisfação deriva de aspectos intrínsecos e extrínsecos, referentes a uma dimensão objetiva - aspectos mais visíveis do sucesso na carreira - que inclui: salários, progressão profissional, status e oportunidades de desenvolvimento de carreira, como promoção; e outra subjetiva, que se refere à interpretação pessoal do que seja sucesso, em especial na carreira: satisfação com o trabalho, orgulho, sentimentos de autorrealização, dentre outros. A percepção do sucesso com a carreira pode estar associada a características individuais como, por exemplo, a resiliência, que representa o processo dinâmico de adaptação positiva frente às adversidades. Na literatura, não foram localizados estudos que relacionem ambas as variáveis, isto é, sobre o quanto a resiliência pessoal pode contribuir para a percepção de sucesso na carreira. A fim de investigar essa influência, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo principal identificar se resiliência pessoal de administradores prediz sua percepção de sucesso na carreira. Participaram 137 administradores, formados em diversas instituições, sendo 56,1% do sexo feminino e 43,7% do sexo masculino, com idade média de 33 anos, divididos entre casados ou solteiros (44,5% para ambos). Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário sociodemográfico, baseado na Escala de Percepção de Sucesso na Carreira e da Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). As respostas compuseram um banco eletrônico de dados e foram analisados por meio do Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Resultados de análises de regressão hierárquica revelaram que resiliência prediz 5,5% da percepção do sucesso na carreira objetiva e 9% da percepção de sucesso na carreira subjetiva. Ao acrescentar a interação entre idade e tempo de trabalho, o poder de predição de ambos os modelos, tanto para sucesso objetivo, quanto para o subjetivo, elevou-se substancialmente, chegando ao dobro. Resiliência contribui para que os participantes percebam sucesso na carreira em ambas as dimensões, objetiva e subjetiva, e a predição é potencializada pela interação entre idade e tempo de trabalho. Os achados deste estudo confirmaram a hipótese levantada. O estudo trouxe contribuições para a área, mas também foram reconhecidas limitações, em função das quais foi proposta uma agenda de pesquisa para estudos futuros.

How many thoughts can you think?

In ordinary computer programs, the relationship between data in a machine and the concepts it represents is defined arbitrarily by the programmer. It is argued here that the Strong AI hypothesis suggests that no such arbitrariness is possible in the relationship between brain states and mental experiences, and that this may place surprising limitations on the possible variety of mental experiences. Possible psychology experiments are sketched which aim to falsify the Strong AI hypothesis by indicating that these limits can be exceeded. It is concluded that although such experiments might be valuable, they are unlikely to succeed in this aim.