Lista sistemática de los peces marinos comunes para Ecuador, Perú, Chile

Lista general de todos los peces registrados en los tres paises miebros de la Comisión Permanente del Pacífico Sur

Tortopus Needham & Murphy and Tortopsis Molineri (Ephemeroptera, Polymitarcyidae) new species and new records from Brazil and Ecuador

Tortopus Needham & Murphy, 1924 and Tortopsis Molineri, 2010 with six and 10 species, respectively, are sister genera distributed in the Neartic and Neotropical regions. In spite that most species are known from the tropics of South America, only one species of each of these groups have been recorded from Brazil. Here we present distributional data expanding greatly the range of these groups including three new country records for Brazil: Tortopus igaranus Needham & Murphy, 1924, Tortopsis limoncocha Molineri, 2010 and Tortopsis spatula Molineri, 2010. We describe a distinct new species, Tortopus ipixuna sp. nov., from male imagos, that present a unique subrectangular pedestal. Additionally we redescribe the male imago of Tortopus harrisi Traver, 1950 (previously known only from the holotype), and we give the first records for Tortopsis canum Gonçalves, Da-Silva & Nessimian, 2011 from Espírito Santo and for Tortopsis spatula from Ecuador. Some variations in morphological structures of these species are also described, illustrated and discussed.

Cartas mensuales de temperatura superficial del mar frente a las costas de Ecuador, Perú y Chile durante el año 1969

Presenta datos de barcos mercantes y de la marina que operan frente a la costa peruana, así como de estaciones y plantas industriales distribuídas a lo largo del litortal, los cuales facilitan información sobre la temperatura superficial del mar y otras complementarias, con el fin de orientar a la actividad pesquera e industrias conexas para un aprovechamiento efectivo de los recursos, haciendo prediucciones a corto y largo plazo sobre las condiciones del mar.

Las formaciones travertínicas del valle de Cogolls (Girona): caracterización y relaciones con la dinámica de la cuenca

The influence of geomorphological and hydrologic conditions on travertine deposit formation has been studied in Cogolls Valley (Girona, Spain). Results indicate an evolutive sequence of the Quaternary materials, that is related to instabilities created by progresive changes into the valley system

The contribution of the young Cretaceous Caribbean Oceanic Plateau to the genesis of late Cretaceous arc magmatism in the Cordillera Occidental of Ecuador

The eastern part of the Cordillera Occidental of Ecuador comprises thick buoyant oceanic plateaus associated with island-arc tholeiites and subduction-related calc-alkaline series, accreted to the Ecuadorian Continental Margin from Late Cretaceous to Eocene times. One of these plateau sequences, the Guaranda Oceanic Plateau is considered as remnant of the Caribbean-Colombian Oceanic Province (CCOP) accreted to the Ecuadorian Margin in the Maastrichtien. Samples studied in this paper were taken from four cross-sections through two arc-sequences in the northern part of the Cordillera Occidental of Ecuador, dated as (Rio Cala) or ascribed to (Macuchi) the Late Cretaceous and one arc-like sequence in the Chogon-Colonche Cordillera (Las Orquideas). These three island-arcs can clearly be identified and rest conformably on the CCOP. In all four localities, basalts with abundant large clinopyroxene phenocrysts can be found, mimicking a picritic or ankaramitic facies. This mineralogical particularity, although not uncommon in island arc lavas, hints at a contribution of the CCOP in the genesis of these island arc rocks. The complete petrological and geochemical study of these rocks reveals that some have a primitive island-arc nature (MgO values range from 6 to 11 wt.%). Studied samples display marked Nb, Ta and Ti negative anomalies relative to the adjacent elements in the spidergrams characteristic of subductionrelated magmatism. These rocks are LREE-enriched and their clinopyroxenes show a tholeiitic affinity (FeO(1)-TiO(2) enrichment and CaO depletion from core to rim within a single crystal). The four sampled cross-sections through the island-arc sequences display homogeneous initial Nd, and Pb isotope ratios that suggest a unique mantellic source for these rocks resulting from the mixing of three components: an East-Pacific MORB end-member, an enriched pelagic sediment component, and a HIMU component carried by the CCOP. Indeed, the ankaramite and Mg-basalt sequences that form part of the Caribbean-Colombian Oceanic Plateau are radiogenically enriched in (206)Pb/(204)Pb and (207)Pb/(204)Pb and contain a HIMU component similar to that observed in the Gorgona basalts and Galapagos lavas. The subduction zone that generated the Late Cretaceous arcs occurred far from the continental margin, in an oceanic environment. This implies that no terrigenous detrital sediments interacted with the source at this period. Thus, the enriched component can only result from the melting of subducted pelagic sediments. We have thus defined the East-Pacific MORB, enriched (cherts, pelagic sediments) and HIMU components in an attempt to constrain and model the genesis of the studied island-arc magmatism, using a compilation of carefully selected isotopic data from literature according to rock age and paleogeographic location at the time of arc edification. Tripolar mixing models reveal that proportions of 12-15 wt.% of the HIMU component, 7-15 wt.% of the pelagic sediment end-member and 70-75 wt.% of an East-pacific MORB end-member are needed to explain the measured isotope ratios. These surprisingly high proportions of the HIMU/CCOP component could be explained by the young age of the oceanic plateau (5-15 Ma) during the Late Cretaceous arc emplacement. The CCOP, basement of these arc sequences, was probably still hot and easily assimilated at the island-arc lava source. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved,

Petrography and geochemistry of accreted oceanic fragments below the Western Cordillera of Ecuador

The Western Cordillera of Ecuador consists of Cretaceous crustal fragments of oceanic plateaux and superimposed insular arcs, which were accreted to the northwestern South American margin during the Late Cretaceous and Paleocene. Slices of high-grade metabasites, ultramafic rocks, gabbros and basalts, unmetamorphosed radiolarian cherts and scarce garnet-bearing metasediments were randomly exhumed along Miocene to Recent transcurrent faults crosscutting the Western Cordillera. The basalts show geochemical characteristics of oceanic plateau basalts (flat REE patterns, La/Nb = 0.85). The gabbros differ from the basalts in having lower REE levels, positive Eu anomalies, and negative Nb and Ta anomalies; they are interpreted as resulting from arc magmatism. The amphibolites and banded amphibolites have major and trace element chemistry similar to that of oceanic plateau basalts (flat REE patterns, La/Nb = 0.86) or to cumulate gabbros. The granulite shares with oceanic plateaus similar trace element chemistry (flat REE patterns, La/Nb < 1) and epsilon(Ndi) values (+7.6). Continent-derived metasediments are depleted in heavy REE (La/Y = 4.8) and have a negative Eu anomaly. Foliated Iherzolites, melagabbronorites and pyroxenites consist of serpentinized olivine + cpx + opx +/- Ca-plagioclase. Lherzolites, melagabbronorites and pyroxenites are LREE depleted with positive Eu anomalies, while the harzburgite displays a U-shaped REE pattern. The trace element abundances of the ultramafic rocks are very low (0.1 to 1 times the chonctritic and primitive mantle values). The ultramafic rocks represent fragments of depleted mantle, deformed cpx-rich cumulate, and continental lithospheric mantle or mantle contaminated by subduction-fluid. Except the scarce quartz-rich metasediments, all these rocks likely represent remnants of accreted oceanic crustal fragments and associated depleted mantle. Since these samples were randomly sampled at depth by the fault, we propose that the Western Cordillera and its crustal root are mainly of oceanic nature.

Geometría del margen S.E. de la Cuenca del Ebro: discordancias progresivas en el Grupo Scala Dei, Serra de la Llena (Tarragona)

El Grupo Scala Dei, localizado en el margen meridional oriental de la cuenca del Ebro, representa la respuesta sedimentaria a los cabalgamientos desarrollados en las Cadenas Costeras Catalanas. En la Serra de la Llena los 1600 m de materiales aluviales se organizan en cuatro megasecuencias principales (M,-M,) separadas por discordancias angulares. Los nuevos datos paleomastológicos indican un influjo de materiales terrígenos gruesos durante un período que abarca desde un Luteciense superior-Bartoniense en la base, hasta un Catiense medio-superior. La sedimentación en la Serra del Montsant continua hasta la parte media del Catiense superior. La tasa media de acumulación (expresada en términos de centímetros cada mil años- kilo años- K. a,), en la Serra de la Llena, es de 13 crn1K.a. para la megasecuencia inferior (M,), de 7,5 cm/ K.a. para M,-M, y de 6 cm /K.a. para la última y mas fina (M,). La disposición general de los depósitos de la Serra de la Llena con una doble flexión monoclinal buzante al NW indica un control tectónico de la deposición mediante dos estructuras diferentes en profundidad. Las discordancias progresivas desarrolladas en los anteflancos de los anticlinales indican una moción continuada, así como un equilibrio entre la tasa de levantamiento vertical y la tasa de acumulación de sedimentos. Las discordancias progresivas se han desarrollado principalmente en función de la componente tectónica vertical y por la rotación continuada del flanco de antepaís de los anticlinales.

Sedimentación lacustre en la Cuenca Cenozoica de As Pontes (A Coruña)

The lacustrine and swampy sequences recorded in the As Pontes basin are rather diverse in terms of facies and sequential arrangement, depending on the considered basin zone. Since these sequences developed synchronously and very close, the paleoclimate conditions had to be similar and the observed differences must be attributed to the tectonic influence.

Los Ciprínidos (Pisces) del sistema lacustre Oligocénico-Miocénico de los Monegros (sector SE de la cuenca del Ebro, provincias de Lleida, Tarragona, Huesca y Zaragoza)

El material de dientes faringeos de Ciprinidos procedentes de las sucesiones lacustres del Oligoceno superior y Aquitaniense inferior del sector SE de la cuenca del Ebro es atribuido a Rutilus antiquus n.p. Esta nueva especie es morfologicamente proxima a R. pachecoi (ROYO) y ccLeuciscusa antunesi GAUDANT, reconocidas en el Mioceno de la Pennsula Ibrica, asi como a la especie actual R. alburnoides (STEINDACHNER). R. antiquus n.p. habito durante el Oligoceno superior y probablemente durante el Aquitaniense 1os lagos someros endorreicos de salinidad variable (Sistema lacustre de Los Monegros) del sector SE de la cuenca del Ebro.

Nuevos datos sobre la biozonación del Burdigaliense continental de la cuenca del Vallès-Penedès

En esta nota preliminar se dan a conocer dos nuevos yacimientos de microvertebrados situados en la cuenca del Valles-Penedes. La asociación de Roedores sita ambas localidades (Can Mar Vell y Can Julia) en la MN-4, equivalente al Burdigaliense superior. Dicha asociación y las caracteristicas litológicas y sedimentológicas de la unidad litoestratigráfica que la contiene, indican la existencia de reas lacustres y palustres en torno a las que lacobertera vegetal alcanzaba un notable desarrollo. Estas zonas lacustres podan pasar lateralmente a reas distales y proximales de abanicos aluviales, en las que se desarrollaba una intensa sedimentación detrítica y predominaban las condiciones subaéreas.

Sobre la edad oligocénica inferior del yacimiento de Santpedor (Cuenca del Ebro, provincia de Barcelona)

Un muestreo intensivo del clasico yacimiento de mamíferos fósles de Santpedor ha dado como resultado la presencia de Theridomys aff. aquatilis, Gliravus aff. priscus, Eucricetodon atavus y Pseudoltinomys gaillardi. Esta asociacin permite atribuir 1os niveles del yacimiento al Oligoceno inferior mas bajo (nivel de Hoogbutsel)

Los sistemas lacustres del Eoceno superior y Oligoceno del sector oriental de la Cuenca del Ebro

El relleno sedimentari de edad Priaboniense superior-Chattiense dcl sector oriental de la cuencade antepaís del Ebro puede subdividirse en cinco secuencias deposicionales, definidas en base a 1os principales cambios paleogeográficos que afectaron alos sistemas aluviales y lacustres en la región. Tanto el desarrollo de estructuras tectónicas superficiales como 1os procesos de ajuste isostático regional son considerados como 1os principales factores de control de esta evolución sedimentaria. Los cinco sistemas lacustres reconocidos (La Noguera, L'Anoia, Segarra, L'Urgell y Los Monegros) muestran unas caracteristicas de extensión areal y desarrollo de facies fuertemente controladas por su situación respecto a las zonas de máxima subsidencia. Las tendencias megasecuenciales de cambio o de alternancia de deposición evaporítica y carbonatada, son atribuidas aquí tanto a posibles cambios climáticos como a cambios en la composición del área fuente. Estos fueron inducidos por la evolución tectónica de los margenes de la cuenca.

Magmatic-dominated fluid evolution in the Jurassic Nambija gold skarn deposits (southeastern Ecuador)

The Jurassic (approximately 145 Ma) Nambija oxidized gold skarns are hosted by the Triassic volcanosedimentary Piuntza unit in the sub-Andean zone of southeastern Ecuador. The skarns consist dominantly of granditic garnet (Ad(20-98)) with subordinate pyroxene (Di(46-92)Hd(17-42)Jo(0-19)) and epidote and are spatially associated with porphyritic quartz-diorite to granodiorite intrusions. Endoskarn is developed at the intrusion margins and grades inwards into a potassic alteration zone. Exoskarn has an outer K- and Na-enriched zone in the volcanosedimentary unit. Gold mineralization is associated with the weakly developed retrograde alteration of the exoskarn and occurs mainly in sulfide-poor vugs and milky quartz veins and veinlets in association with hematite. Fluid inclusion data for the main part of the prograde stage indicate the coexistence of high-temperature (500A degrees C to > 600A degrees C), high-salinity (up to 65 wt.% eq. NaCl), and moderate- to low-salinity aqueous-carbonic fluids interpreted to have been trapped at pressures around 100-120 MPa, corresponding to about 4-km depth. Lower-temperature (510-300A degrees C) and moderate- to low-salinity (23-2 wt.% eq. NaCl) aqueous fluids are recorded in garnet and epidote of the end of the prograde stage. The microthermometric data (Th from 513A degrees C to 318A degrees C and salinity from 1.0 to 23 wt.% eq. NaCl) and delta(18)O values between 6.2aEuro degrees and 11.5aEuro degrees for gold-bearing milky quartz from the retrograde stage suggest that the ore-forming fluid was dominantly magmatic. Pressures during the early retrograde stage were in the range of 50-100 MPa, in line with the evidence for CO(2) effervescence and probable local boiling. The dominance of magmatic low-saline to moderately saline oxidizing fluids during the retrograde stage is consistent with the depth of the skarn system, which could have delayed the ingression of external fluids until relatively low temperatures were reached. The resulting low water-to-rock ratios explain the weak retrograde alteration and the compositional variability of chlorite, essentially controlled by host rock compositions. Gold was precipitated at this stage as a result of cooling and pH increase related to CO(2) effervescence, which both result in destabilization of gold-bearing chloride complexes. Significant ingression of external fluids took place after gold deposition only, as recorded by delta(18)O values of 0.4aEuro degrees to 6.2aEuro degrees for fluids depositing quartz (below 350A degrees C) in sulfide-rich barren veins. Low-temperature (< 300A degrees C) meteoric fluids (delta(18)O(water) between -10.0aEuro degrees and -2.0aEuro degrees) are responsible for the precipitation of late comb quartz and calcite in cavities and veins and indicate mixing with cooler fluids of higher salinities (about 100A degrees C and 25 wt.% eq. NaCl). The latter are similar to low-temperature fluids (202-74.5A degrees C) with delta(18)O values of -0.5aEuro degrees to 3.1aEuro degrees and salinities in the range of 21.1 to 17.3 wt.% eq. CaCl(2), trapped in calcite of late veins and interpreted as basinal brines. Nambija represents a deep equivalent of the oxidized gold skarn class, the presence of CO(2) in the fluids being partly a consequence of the relatively deep setting at about 4-km depth. As in other Au-bearing skarn deposits, not only the prograde stage but also the gold-precipitating retrograde stage is dominated by fluids of magmatic origin.