Characteristics of Micronozzle Gas Flows

The fluid characteristics of gas flows in the micronozzle whose throat height is 20 μm were investigated by the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. In a series of cases, the dependence of mass flux on the pressure difference was gained, and the DSMC's results show good agreement with the experimental data. The comparison of mass flux and the Mach number contours between the DSMC and Navier-Stokes equations adding slip boundary also reveals quantitatively that the continuum model will be invalid gradually even when the average Knudsen number is smaller than 0.01. As one focus of the present paper, the phenomenon of the multiple expansion-compression waves that comes from the nozzle's divergent part was analyzed in detailed.

Effect of non-uniform magnetic field on crystal growth by floating-zone method in microgravity

The magnetic damping effect of the non-uniform magnetic field on the floating-zone crystal growth process in microgravity is studied by numerical simulation. The results show that the non-uniform magnetic field with designed configuration can effectively reduce the flow near the free surface and then in the melt zone. At the same time, the designed magnetic field can improve the impurity concentration non-uniformity along the solidification interface. The primary principles of the magnetic field configuration design are also discussed.

关于油井出砂问题的参量研究

本文采用量钢分析的方法对油井砂质围岩的稳定性的主要影响因素进行了分析，并采用线性应变硬化弹塑性本构模型对球和柱形空洞进行了应力分析。

爆炸排淤法在外海渔港防波堤工程中的应用

介绍爆炸排淤法在外海渔港防波堤工程中的应用及质量检测结果。

Effects of La2O3 on Microstructure and Wear Properties of Laser Clad gamma/Cr7C3/TiC Composite Coatings on TiAl Intermatallic Alloy

The effects of La2O3 addition on the microstructure and wear properties of laser clad gamma/C(r)7C(3)/TiC composite coatings on gamma-TiAl intermetallic alloy substrates with NiCr-Cr3C2 precursor mixed powders have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and block-on-ring wear tests. The responding wear mechanisms are discussed in detail. The results are compared with that for composite coating without La2O3. The comparison indicates that no evident new crystallographic phases are formed except a rapidly solidified microstructure consisting of the primary hard Cr7C3 and TiC carbides and the gamma/Cr7C3 eutectics distributed in the tough gamma nickel solid solution matrix. Good finishing coatings can be achieved under a proper amount of La2O3-addition and a suitable laser processing parameters. The additions of rare-earth oxide La,03 can refine and purify the microstructure of coatings, relatively decrease the volume fraction of primary blocky Cr7C3 to Cr7C3/gamma eutectics, reduce the dilution of clad material from base alloy and increase the microhardness of the coatings. When the addition of La2O3 is approximately 4 wt.%, the laser clad composite coating possesses the highest hardness and toughness. The composite coating with 4 wt.%La2O3 addition can result the best enhancement of wear resistance of about 30%. However, too less or excessive addition amount of La2O3 have no better influence on wear resistance of the composite coating.

Investigation of kerosene combustion characteristics with pilot hydrogen in model supersonic combustors

Experimental investigations on the ignition and combustion stabilization of kerosene with pilot hydrogen in Mach 2.5 airflows were conducted using two test combustors, with cross sections of 30.5 x 30 and 51 x 70 mm, respectively. Various integrated modules, including the combinations of different pilot injection schemes and recessed cavity flameholders with different geometries, were designed and tested. The stagnation pressure of vitiated air varied within the range of 1.1-1.8 NiPa, while the stagnation temperature varied from 1500 to 1900 K. Specifically, effects of the pilot hydrogen injection scheme, cavity geometry, and combustor scaling on the minimally required pilot hydrogen equivalence ratio were systematically examined. Results indicated that the cavity depth and length had significant effects on the ignition and flameholding, whereas the slanted angle of the aft wall was relatively less important. Two cavities in tandem were shown to be a more effective flameholding mechanism than that with a single cavity. The minimally required pilot hydrogen equivalence ratio for kerosene ignition and stable combustion was found to be as low as 0.02. Furthermore, combustion efficiency of 80% was demonstrated to be achievable for kerosene with the simultaneous use of pilot hydrogen and a recessed cavity to promote the ignition and global burning.

Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Peeling a DNA Molecule on Substrate

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are performed to study adhesion and peeling of a short fragment of single strand DNA (ssDNA) molecule from a graphite surface. The critical peel-off force is found to depend on both the peeling angle and the elasticity of ssDNA. For the short ssDNA strand under investigation, we show that the simulation results can be explained by a continuum model of an adhesive elastic band on substrate. The analysis suggests that it is often the peak value, rather than the mean value, of adhesion energy which determines the peeling of a nanoscale material.

SARS流行预测分析

表面上突如其来的SARS本质上却有极规律的内在发展演化机制,遵从初始缓慢增长、加速、减速和稳定终止四个阶段总体道路,自然和社会生活领域众多事件演化都符合这一规律,因而可以运用广义的Logistic生长模型进行描述.基于先期流行的广东SARS感染病例数据,以及尚未结束的北京、全国2003年SARS流行统计数据,借助于最优化分析技术,运用广义的Logistic生长模型对该事件演化特征参量进行了辨识;在此基础上,又借助于广义生长模型的特例--Gompertz函数进行了演化过程的预测,并与其他生长模型结果进行了比较.研究表明,生长模型模拟结果均与实际数据有很好的一致性,可以用来预测事件的发生演化过程,此次SARS事件堪称生长模型的经典实例.

Study of Gas Combustion in a Vented Cylindrical Vessel

Complicated interaction of a flame front with a turbulent flow induced by venting is studied during combustion of the stoichiometric propane/air mixture in a relatively large vented cylindrical vessel. Flame position, its shape, and combustion pressure were measured as a function of time and vent parameters. The experimental data were used to verify numerical simulation of the combustion process. The proposed numerical model satisfactorily simulates the main features of combustion in a closed and vented vessel such as flame configuration, flow and temperature fields, and pressure variation pattern. Simulated velocity and temperature distribution are very useful pieces of information because they are not available from experiments.

壁面粗糙度对水平后台阶气粒两相流动影响的PDPA实验研究

用相位多普勒颗粒测速仪(PDPA)测量了颗粒的平均与脉动速度,研究了壁面粗糙度对水平后台阶气粒两相流动的影响.研究结果表明,壁面粗糙度减小颗粒纵向平均速度,增大颗粒纵向和横向脉动速度.壁面粗糙度对流场中不同位置处颗粒运动影响的强弱不同,其中逆流区处较弱,下游处较强.壁面粗糙度对不同粒径颗粒运动影响的强弱不同,其中对细颗粒的影响较弱且被局限在壁面附近;对粗颗粒的影响较强且扩散到整个流场.

初始镀铬层的基体溶解法研究

利用基体溶解法通过高分辨扫描电镜(HRSEM)研究了钢基体激光淬火对初始镀铬层组织结构及形貌的影响.结果表明:初始镀铬层的形貌遗传了激光离散淬火基体的周期表面形貌,即激光完全相变硬化区、过渡区和原始基体;基体激光淬火不仅细化淬火区的晶粒、提高其硬度和耐蚀性,而且使激光淬火区上的初始镀铬层晶粒大大细化且排列非常致密.

潮汐调和分析与预报系统

为满足近海勘测前预测海域潮位的需要,利用VC++设计开发一个集潮汐调和分析及预报于一体的系统. 输入与勘测作业海域相近的潮汐观测站点数据,利用该系统的调和分析模块可得到30个分潮的潮汐调和常数,进而用于勘测施工海域的潮位预报. 该系统用户界面友好、操作简便、精度高、通用性强,在近海勘测作业中预估海域潮位具有实用和推广价值.

Arc Voltage Fluctuation in DC Laminar and Turbulent Plasma Jets Generat Ion

Arc voltage fluctuations in a direct current (DC) non-transferred arc plasma generator are experimentally studied, in generating a jet in the laminar, transitional and turbulent regimes. The study is with a view toward elucidating the mechanism of the fluctuations and their relationship with the generating parameters, arc root movement and flow regimes. Results indicate that the existence of a 300 Hz alternating current (AC) component in the power supply ripples does not cause the transition of the laminar plasma jet into a turbulent state. There exists a high frequency fluctuation at 4 kHz in the turbulent jet regime. It may be related to the rapid movement of the anode attachment point of the arc.