Redução de aplicações de inseticidas através da adoção de táticas de manejo integrado do Triozoida limbata (Enderlein, 1918) (Hemiptera: triozidae) em goiabeira

A praga de goiabeira que tem requerido maior frequência de controle, na região de Jaboticabal-SP, nos últimos anos, é o psilídeo Triozoida limbata. Assim, esta pesquisa objetivou: a) Comparar táticas de controle de T. limbata baseadas no monitoramento e na seletividade de inseticidas, visando a diminuir as aplicações; b) Registrar e correlacionar os inimigos naturais habitantes no agroecossistema goiabeira com a praga-chave e com fatores meteorológicos; c) Constatar se o controle de T. limbata afeta a população de moscas-das-frutas, e d) Verificar a eficiência de inseticidas adequados ao MIP, no controle de T. limbata. O experimento foi conduzido com a cultivar Paluma, em 2004, no município de Vista Alegre do Alto-SP. As estratégias utilizadas foram (doses em g.i.a./100L de água): testemunha; imidacloprid (4,0); imidacloprid + beta-cyfluthrin (2,5 + 0,3); acetamiprid (4,0); fenpropathrin (15,0), e tratamento convencional regional. Através dos resultados, conclui-se que é possível diminuir o número de aplicações e utilizar inseticidas menos agressivos ao meio ambiente e ao homem, com a adoção do monitoramento de T. limbata e aplicação no nível de ação. As densidades populacionais dos inimigos naturais (Scymnus spp., Cycloneda sanguinea, Azia luteipes, Crysoperla spp., Polybia spp., Brachygastra spp.) apresentam correlações positivas com as densidades populacionais de T. limbata. As flutuações populacionais de T. limbata e dos inimigos naturais não são alteradas pelos fatores meteorológicos (precipitação e temperatura), em pomar irrigado. A população de Anastrepha spp. é minimizada quando as aplicações são para controlar T. limbata. Os inseticidas imidacloprid, imidacloprid + beta-cyfluthrin, acetamiprid e fenpropathrin são eficientes no controle de T. limbata.

Thomas-Fermi theory for atomic nuclei revisited

The recently developed semiclassical variational Wigner-Kirkwood (VWK) approach is applied to finite nuclei using external potentials and self-consistent mean fields derived from Skyrme inter-actions and from relativistic mean field theory. VWK consist s of the Thomas-Fermi part plus a pure, perturbative h 2 correction. In external potentials, VWK passes through the average of the quantal values of the accumulated level density and total en energy as a function of the Fermi energy. However, there is a problem of overbinding when the energy per particle is displayed as a function of the particle number. The situation is analyzed comparing spherical and deformed harmonic oscillator potentials. In the self-consistent case, we show for Skyrme forces that VWK binding energies are very close to those obtained from extended Thomas-Fermi functionals of h 4 order, pointing to the rapid convergence of the VWK theory. This satisfying result, however, does not cure the overbinding problem, i.e., the semiclassical energies show more binding than they should. This feature is more pronounced in the case of Skyrme forces than with the relativistic mean field approach. However, even in the latter case the shell correction energy for e.g.208 Pb turns out to be only ∼ −6 MeV what is about a factor two or three off the generally accepted value. As an adhoc remedy, increasing the kinetic energy by 2.5%, leads to shell correction energies well acceptable throughout the periodic table. The general importance of the present studies for other finite Fermi systems, self-bound or in external potentials, is pointed out.

Early versus delayed application of Thomas splints in patients with isolated femur shaft fractures: The benefits quantified.

AIMS: To investigate and quantify the clinical benefits of early versus delayed application of Thomas splints in patients with isolated femur shaft fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Level IV retrospective clinical and radiological analysis of patients presenting from January to December 2012 at a Level 1 Trauma Unit. All skeletally mature patients with isolated femur shaft fractures independently of their mechanism of injury were included. Exclusion criteria were: ipsilateral fracture of the lower limb, neck and supracondylar femur fractures, periprosthetic and incomplete fractures. Their clinical records were analysed for blood transfusion requirements, pulmonary complications, surgery time, duration of hospital stay and analgesic requirements. RESULTS: A total of 106 patients met our inclusion criteria. There were 74 males and 32 females. Fifty seven (54%) patients were in the 'early splinted' group and 49 patients (46%) were in the 'delayed splinted' group (P>0.05). The need for blood transfusion was significantly reduced in the 'early splinted' group (P=0.04). There was a significantly higher rate of pulmonary complications in the 'delayed splinted' group (P=0.008). All other parameters were similar between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The early application of Thomas splints for isolated femur fractures in non-polytraumatised patients has a clinically and statistically significant benefit of reducing the need for blood transfusions and the incidence of pulmonary complications.