927 resultados para Biphasic scaffold
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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O biodiesel é definido como sendo uma mistura de monoésteres de ácidos graxos derivados de gorduras animal ou óleos vegetais, obtido por meio do processo de transesterificação com alcoóis de cadeia curta. Durante a sua produção é utilizada uma quantidade em excesso de álcool e um catalisador para favorecer a reação de formação dos ésteres; desta forma a corrente de saída do reator contém o catalisador, o álcool que não reagiu e os produtos da transesterificação, biodiesel e glicerina, formando um sistema bifásico; dependendo do grau de solubilidade desses compostos, pode haver quantidades de biodiesel na fase rica em glicerina e quantidades de glicerina na fase rica em biodiesel. Durante o processo de purificação do biodiesel é necessário executar uma lavagem com água, para promover a retirada do catalisador e impurezas do produto de interesse. Devido à quantidade de compostos envolvidos na produção e purificação é essencial conhecer os dados de equilíbrio líquido-líquido para poder predizer as proporções em que os compostos coexistem e, posteriormente, proceder com a purificação sob condições adequadas para obtenção do biodiesel com maior rendimento e auxiliar no projeto do reator e sistemas de separação. Os objetivos desse trabalho foram produzir o biodiesel a partir de uma planta oleaginosa nativa da região, a castanha do Brasil (Bertholletia excelsa H. B. K.) e, determinar dados de equilíbrio líquido-líquido (ELL) para os sistemas ternários: biodiesel de castanha do Brasil + metanol + glicerina e biodiesel de castanha do Brasil + metanol + água nas temperaturas de 30°C e 50°C. O biodiesel produzido foi inicialmente caracterizado segundo as normas da Agência Nacional de Petróleo (ANP) utilizando métodos físico-químicos. Os dados obtidos foram posteriormente correlacionados com os modelos termodinâmicos NRTL e UNIQUAC para o calculo do coeficiente de atividade de cada componente na fase liquida, com estimativa de novos parâmetros de interação energética. Os resultados obtidos com a modelagem foram satisfatórios, e foi observado que o modelo NRTL representou melhor os dados experimentais.
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A presente pesquisa investigou o processo de construção das Representações Sociais dos jovens egressos do Programa Saberes da Terra e PROJOVEM Campo – Saberes da Terra, do Município de Bragança-PA, sobre a sua condição juvenil do campo e suas relações com a proposta nacional de inclusão social, implementada em nível local pelo referido Programa. O estudo teve como referencial teórico metodológico as Representações Sociais, desenvolvidas pelo romeno Serge Moscovici (2009), Jodelet (2002), Marková (2003), Nascimento (2014), entre outros, que nos possibilitaram articular a abordagem processual ao campo sociocultural. A partir desse referencial construímos a lógica das dimensões que compõem a teia representacional deste estudo. Para tanto, seguimos os suportes indicativos de Jodelet (2001, 2009), sintetizados nas seguintes formulações: Quem Sabe? O que sabe? e Quais efeitos? e acrescentamos o Para quê?. Estes suportes fomentaram as dimensões e as estruturas de análise presentes neste estudo: 1) Ser Jovem do Campo no Campesinato Bragantino; 2) A Representação Social dos jovens egressos do Programa PROJOVEM Campo Saberes da Terra sobre a sua condição juvenil do campo; 3) Resignicações da condição juvenil do campo: análise da proposta de inclusão em nível local. Os sujeitos participantes da pesquisa foram 10 jovens, o coordenador Programa e os educadores. Para coleta do corpus da Pesquisa utilizamos como técnicas: Entrevista em Pauta e o Grupo Focal. Além das dimensões de análise utilizamos, para análise do corpus da pesquisa, a técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo de Lefevre e Lefevre, para destacarmos as objetivações e ancoragens. Na proposição da hipótese defendemos que o processo de construção das Representações Sociais dos jovens egressos do Programa PROJOVEM Campo Saberes da Terra, encontra-se vinculado aos limites da inclusão social, que se constitui na dialética da inclusão-exclusão própria do sistema capitalista. Os resultados revelam mudanças nas Representações dos Jovens que participaram do Programa PROJOVEM Campo Saberes da Terra sobre sua condição juvenil do campo, a partir da reconstrução do seu afeto positivo com a terra e com a ressignificação da agricultura familiar. Entretanto, mesmo reconhecendo que essas novas representações se constituíram pela experiência vivenciada no PROJOVEM Campo, na prática elas não se configuram em possibilidades de mudanças estruturais para o desenvolvimento do campo do Município de Bragança.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Making bioproducts available to the market requires finding appropriate processes for mass production and formulation of biological agents. This study aimed at evaluating the Bipolaris euphorbiae production in a solid medium (fermentation in solid substrate) and in a biphasic system (growth in a liquid medium followed by growth in a solid medium), as well as determining the processes for collecting and drying conidia, under laboratory conditions. The influence of the incubation period and inoculum quantity were also investigated. The conidia were dried by using an oven (30ºC, 35ºC, 40ºC, 45ºC, 50ºC, 55ºC and 60ºC), and laminar flow, continuous air flow and aseptic chamber at room temperature. Dry conidia were obtained by sieving and grinding in a ball mill, hammer mill or grain grinder. The conidia viability and sporulation efficiency were evaluated in the solid medium and in the biphasic system. For growth period, the best sporulation on solid medium was obtained after 10 days of incubation, reaching 8.3 x 10(7) conidia g-1 of substrate. The biphasic system did not increase the B. euphorbiae sporulation (4.5 x 10(7) conidia g-1 of substrate), after 14 days, and the amount of liquid inoculum used in this system was not an important factor for increasing its production. The continuous air flow and laminar flow preserved the conidial viability (94.6% and 99.1%, respectively), while promoting a great moisture loss (62.6% and 54.0%, respectively). All the grinding processes reduced the conidia germination (86.2%, 10.5% and 12%, respectively), while sieving allowed the collecting of powdered conidia with high viability (94.8%).
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Pós-graduação em Doenças Tropicais - FMB
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Pós-graduação em Ciências Odontológicas - FOAR
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The study of the dental pulp can be extended from factors related to its aggression to those related to new concepts of regeneration. The purpose of this compilation of studies is to present the evolution of a research subject from damage to repair. Innitially, studies will demonstrate the ability of dental procedures to generate heat and consequently affect the dental pulp. In sequence, studies will also present some effects of different pulp capping materials on dental pulp cells, related to the cytotoxicity of these materials and inflammatory potential. Finally, as the subject is emmerging and gaining importance in the literature, this compilation will present data from recent studies on the role of dental pulp progenitor cells in the regeneration and repair of dental pulp, as well as an alternative for a scaffold that could be used for clinical translation of research in the field. In summary, dentists must be aware of these different aspects and that the knowledge on factors and mechanisms involved in the aggression of the dental pulp can also serve as basis for understanding aspects for regeneration.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne arthrogenic alphavirus that causes acute febrile illness in humans accompanied by joint pains and in many cases, persistent arthralgia lasting weeks to years. The re-emergence of CHIKV has resulted in numerous outbreaks in the eastern hemisphere, and threatens to expand in the foreseeable future. Unfortunately, no effective treatment is currently available. The present study reports the use of resazurin in a cell-based high-throughput assay, and an image-based high-content assay to identify and characterize inhibitors of CHIKV-infection in vitro. CHIKV is a highly cytopathic virus that rapidly kills infected cells. Thus, cell viability of HuH-7 cells infected with CHIKV in the presence of compounds was determined by measuring metabolic reduction of resazurin to identify inhibitors of CHIKV-associated cell death. A kinase inhibitor library of 4,000 compounds was screened against CHIKV infection of HuH-7 cells using the resazurin reduction assay, and the cell toxicity was also measured in non-infected cells. Seventy-two compounds showing >= 50% inhibition property against CHIKV at 10 mu M were selected as primary hits. Four compounds having a benzofuran core scaffold (CND0335, CND0364, CND0366 and CND0415), one pyrrolopyridine (CND0545) and one thiazol-carboxamide (CND3514) inhibited CHIKV-associated cell death in a dose-dependent manner, with EC50 values between 2.2 mu M and 7.1 mu M. Based on image analysis, these 6 hit compounds did not inhibit CHIKV replication in the host cell. However, CHIKV-infected cells manifested less prominent apoptotic blebs typical of CHIKV cytopathic effect compared with the control infection. Moreover, treatment with these compounds reduced viral titers in the medium of CHIKV-infected cells by up to 100-fold. In conclusion, this cell-based high-throughput screening assay using resazurin, combined with the image-based high content assay approach identified compounds against CHIKV having a novel antiviral activity -inhibition of virus-induced CPE - likely by targeting kinases involved in apoptosis.
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Pós-graduação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Biotecnologia Médica) - FMB
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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This review is intended to gather together recent studies that explore the effects of different types of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) on the autonomic nervous system, assessed through heart rate variability (HRV). A search for papers was conducted in the PubMed, PEDro, SciELO and Lilacs databases with the following descriptors: noninvasive ventilation, CPAP ventilation, intermittent positive pressure breathing and autonomic nervous system, for the period between 2008 and 2012. After eliminating papers not addressing the topic, we selected six studies, of which five applied NIV in CPAP mode and one used biphasic positive airway pressure. In general, the findings suggest that NIV promotes changes in autonomic modulation that are dependent on the conditions of the subjects analyzed and the time when these rates are assessed, meaning acute or long-term effects.
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Stemming from in vitro and in vivo pre-clinical and human models, tissue-engineering-based strategies continue to demonstrate great potential for the regeneration of the pulp-dentin complex, particularly in necrotic, immature permanent teeth. Nanofibrous scaffolds, which closely resemble the native extracellular matrix, have been successfully synthesized by various techniques, including but not limited to electrospinning. A common goal in scaffold synthesis has been the notion of promoting cell guidance through the careful design and use of a collection of biochemical and physical cues capable of governing and stimulating specific events at the cellular and tissue levels. The latest advances in processing technologies allow for the fabrication of scaffolds where selected bioactive molecules can be delivered locally, thus increasing the possibilities for clinical success. Though electrospun scaffolds have not yet been tested in vivo in either human or animal pulpless models in immature permanent teeth, recent studies have highlighted their regenerative potential both from an in vitro and in vivo (i.e., subcutaneous model) standpoint. Possible applications for these bioactive scaffolds continue to evolve, with significant prospects related to the regeneration of both dentin and pulp tissue and, more recently, to root canal disinfection. Nonetheless, no single implantable scaffold can consistently guide the coordinated growth and development of the multiple tissue types involved in the functional regeneration of the pulp-dentin complex. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive perspective on the latest discoveries related to the use of scaffolds and/or stem cells in regenerative endodontics. The authors focused this review on bioactive nanofibrous scaffolds, injectable scaffolds and stem cells, and pre-clinical findings using stem-cell-based strategies. These topics are discussed in detail in an attempt to provide future direction and to shed light on their potential translation to clinical settings.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)