Adolescents’ relationship with God and internalizing adjustment over time: The moderating role of maternal religious coping

A growing literature supports the importance of understanding the link between religiosity and youths' adjustment and development, but in the absence of rigorous, longitudinal designs, questions remain about the direction of effect and the role of family factors. This paper investigates the bidirectional association between adolescents' relationship with God and their internalizing adjustment. Results from 2-wave, SEM cross-lag analyses of data from 667 mother/adolescent dyads in Belfast, Northern Ireland (50% male, M age = 15.75 years old) supports a risk model suggesting that greater internalizing problems predict a weaker relationship with God 1 year later. Significant moderation analyses suggest that a stronger relationship with God predicted fewer depression and anxiety symptoms for youth whose mothers used more religious coping.

Agency Termination in Ireland: Culls and bonfires, or life after death?

The termination of state agencies has been a prominent aspect of administrative 'rationalization' programmes arising from the Global Financial Crisis. In this article, the frequency and type of agency terminations that have occurred in Ireland post-2008 are examined in longitudinal perspective. Following a consideration of agency types, the logic of agency rationalization is explored with a focus on the different ways in which agencies are terminated. Drawing on a unique dataset of Irish state agencies over a 90-year period, the article presents evidence concerning the degree to which terminations over the 2008-11 period differ, if at all, from those that have occurred previously. In concluding, the article proposes that rather than witnessing agency 'culls' and 'bonfires', there is 'life after death' for agencies and their work.

Arsenic(III,V) adsorption onto charred dolomite: charring optimization and batch studies

In this work, the removal of arsenic from aqueous solutions onto thermally processed dolomite is investigated. The dolomite was thermally processed (charred) at temperatures of 600, 700 and 800 degrees C for 1, 2, 4 and 8 h. Isotherm experiments were carried out on these samples over a wide pH range. A complete arsenic removal was achieved over the pH range studied when using the 800 degrees C charred dolomite. However, at this temperature, thermal degradation of the dolomite weakens its structure due to the decomposition of the magnesium carbonate, leading to a partial dissolution. For this reason, the dolomitic sorbent chosen for further investigations was the 8 h at 700 degrees C material. Isotherm studies indicated that the Langmuir model was successful in describing the process to a better extent than the Freundlich model for the As(V) adsorption on the selected charred dolomite. However, for the As(III) adsorption, the Freundlich model was more successful in describing the process. The maximum adsorption capacities of charred dolomite for arsenite and arsenate ions are 1.846 and 2.157 mg/g, respectively. It was found that both the pseudo first- and second-order kinetic models are able to describe the experimental data (R-2 > 0.980). The data suggest the charring process allows dissociation of the dolomite to calcium carbonate and magnesium oxide, which accelerates the process of arsenic oxide and arsenic carbonate precipitation. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

“A quiet still voice that just touches”: music’s relevance for adults living with life-threatening cancer diagnoses.

Purpose
Music has historically aided health and loss-adaptation, however, cancer patients’ experience of music for self-care is not well understood. This study examines adult cancer patients’ views about music’s role before and after diagnosis.
Methods
Constructivist approach, with grounded theory informed design using convenience, snowball and theoretical sampling. Patients from Australian metropolitan cancer and hospice settings completed demographic questionnaires and participated in semi-structured interviews. Qualitative inter-rater reliability was applied.
Results
Fifty-two patients reported comparable time spent experiencing music pre-post diagnosis. Music may remain incidental; however, many patients adapt music usage to ameliorate cancer’s aversive effects. Patients often draw from their musical lives and explore unfamiliar music to: remain connected with pre-illness identities; strengthen capacity for enduring treatment, ongoing survival (even when knowing “you’re going to die”), or facing death; reframe upended worlds; and live enriched lives. Patients can ascribe human or physical properties to music when describing its transformative effects. Familiar lyrics maybe reinterpreted, and patients’ intensified emotional reactions to music can reflect their threatened mortality. Sometimes music becomes inaccessible, elusive, and/or intensifies distress and is avoided. Families’, friends’ and professionals’ recognition of patients’ altered musical lives and music-based suggestions can extend patients’ use of music for self-care.
Conclusion
Health professionals can support patients by inquiring about their music behaviours and recognising that altered music usage may signify vulnerability. Although commonly recommended, hospital concerts and music broadcasts need sensitive delivery. Patients’ preferred music should be available in diagnostic, treatment and palliative settings because it can promote endurance and life enrichment.

Northern Ireland Infant Death Thematic Review 2015

Co-Sleeping and bed sharing are considered the social norm for approximately 90% of the world's population, with two-thirds of the world's cultures habitually practicing mother-infant co-sleeping on the same bed. Although international studies show that the practice of co-sleeping is common, it is controversial in the public health community, as many consider it a significant risk for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), accounting for 50% of SIDS deaths in the UK. The report offers an international review of the evidence and provides important debates and critical knowledge for both health professionals, parents and all those organisations working to support the safety of infants in their first perinatal year.

Scene From a Different Angle: Attempts to Internationalize Northern Ireland’s Conflict Experience

Reviews the books, Lessons From the Northern Ireland Peace Process edited by Timothy J. White (2013) and Human Rights as War by Other Means by Jennifer Curtis (2014). Edited by a U.S.-based academic with an enduring interest in Ireland, the first book draws together an interdisciplinary group of academics from across North America and the U.K. (though notably not Northern Ireland itself) to cover such topics as third party intervention, nationalism, grassroots change, and community development. The second text to be reviewed may be seen as a thorough analysis of this particular point: what is the role played by human rights in Northern Ireland’s peace process?

Traffic gap judgment in people with significant peripheral field loss.

PURPOSE: Subjects with significant peripheral field loss (PFL) self report difficulty in street crossing. In this study, we compared the traffic gap judgment ability of fully sighted and PFL subjects to determine whether accuracy in identifying crossable gaps was adversely affected because of field loss. Moreover, we explored the contribution of visual and nonvisual factors to traffic gap judgment ability. METHODS: Eight subjects with significant PFL as a result of advanced retinitis pigmentosa or glaucoma with binocular visual field <20 degrees and five age-matched normals (NV) were recruited. All subjects were required to judge when they perceived it was safe to cross at a 2-way 4-lane street while they stood on the curb. Eye movements were recorded by an eye tracker as the subjects performed the decision task. Movies of the eye-on-scene were made offline and fixation patterns were classified into either relevant or irrelevant. Subjects' street-crossing behavior, habitual approach to street crossing, and perceived difficulties were assessed. RESULTS: Compared with normal vision (NV) subjects, the PFL subjects identified 12% fewer crossable gaps while making 23% more errors by identifying a gap as crossable when it was too short (p < 0.05). The differences in traffic gap judgment ability of the PFL subjects might be explained by the significantly smaller fixation area (p = 0.006) and fewer fixations distributed to the relevant tasks (p = 0.001). The subjects' habitual approach to street crossing and perceived difficulties in street crossing (r > 0.60) were significantly correlated with traffic gap judgment performance. CONCLUSIONS: As a consequence of significant field loss, limited visual information about the traffic environment can be acquired, resulting in significantly reduced performance in judging safe crossable gaps. This poor traffic gap judgment ability in the PFL subjects raises important concerns for their safety when attempting to cross the street.

Lateral bias and temperament in the domestic cat (Felis silvestris)

Research points to a relationship between lateralization and emotional functioning in humans and many species of animal. The present study explored the association between paw preferences and emotional functioning, specifically temperament, in a species thus far overlooked in this area, the domestic cat. Thirty left-pawed, 30 right-pawed, and 30 ambilateral pet cats were recruited following an assessment of their paw preferences using a food-reaching challenge. The animals’ temperament was subsequently assessed using the Feline Temperament Profile (FTP). Cats’ owners also completed a purpose-designed cat temperament (CAT) scale. Analysis revealed a significant relationship between lateral bias and FTP and CAT scale scores. Ambilateral cats had lower positive (FTP+) scores, and were perceived as less affectionate, obedient, friendly, and more aggressive, than left or right-pawed animals. Left and right pawed cats differed significantly on 1 trait on the CAT scale, namely playfulness. The strength of the cats’ paw preferences was related to the animals’ FTP and CAT scores. Cats with a greater strength of paw preference had higher FTP + scores than those with a weaker strength of paw preference. Animals with stronger paw preferences were perceived as more confident, affectionate, active, and friendly than those with weaker paw preferences. Results suggest that motor laterality in the cat is strongly related to temperament and that the presence or absence of lateralization has greater implications for the expression of emotion in this species than the direction of the lateralized bias.

Logic Brightens My Day: Evidence for Implicit Sensitivity to Logical Validity.

A key assumption of dual process theory is that reasoning is an explicit, effortful, deliberative process. The present study offers evidence for an implicit, possibly intuitive component of reasoning. Participants were shown sentences embedded in logically valid or invalid arguments. Participants were not asked to reason but instead rated the sentences for liking (Experiment 1) and physical brightness (Experiments 2-3). Sentences that followed logically from preceding sentences were judged to be more likable and brighter. Two other factors thought to be linked to implicit processing-sentence believability and facial expression-had similar effects on liking and brightness ratings. The authors conclude that sensitivity to logical structure was implicit, occurring potentially automatically and outside of awareness. They discuss the results within a fluency misattribution framework and make reference to the literature on discourse comprehension. 

Poly(vinyl alcohol) with sulfonic acid groups as catalyst for the alpha-pinene alkoxylation

The alkoxylation of a-pinene was carried out over poly(vinyl alcohol) containing sulfonic acid groups, as catalyst. The main product of a-pinene alkoxylation was a-terpinyl methyl ether being also formed bornyl methyl ether, fenchyl methyl ether, limonene and terpinolene as by-products. The absorption band at 1037 cm-1 in the FTIR spectrum of PVA_SSA40 (PVA membrane containing 40% of –OH groups esterified with SSA) which does not appear in the spectrum of PVA, indicates the presence of the sulfonic acid groups. The catalytic activity of PVA with sulfonic acid groups increases when the amount of sulfosuccinic acid used in the polymer crosslinking is increased from 5% to 40%. However, when the crosslinking degree increases from 20% to 40%, the conversion of a-pinene increases only slightly. Good values of selectivity to a-terpinyl methyl ether were obtained over poly(vinyl alcohol) with sulfonic acid groups. A simple kinetic model, which fits experimental concentration data quite well, was developed.

Levels and biological effects of selected EDC's in the portuguese coast

Os compostos orgânicos de estanho (OTs), de entre os quais se destaca o tributilestanho (TBT), encontram-se amplamente dispersos no meio aquático devido à sua intensa utilização como agente biocida em tintas antivegetativas. Estudos anteriores sobre a poluição por organoestanhos em Portugal demonstraram que estes compostos se encontram presentes não só na linha de costa mas também em zonas da plataforma, sendo as zonas portuárias (onde se incluem portos comerciais, portos de pesca, marinas e estaleiros navais) os principais focos de poluição. A presente tese tem como objectivo investigar o estado actual da poluição por organoestanhos na costa Portuguesa confirmando se os padrões espaciais acima descritos se mantêm, por meio da quantificação de diversos OTs, nomeadamente, butilestanhos, fenilestanhos e octilestanhos. Assim, os níveis destes compostos foram avaliados em populações de Mytilus galloprovincialis e Nassarius reticulatus ao longo da costa continental Portuguesa, com particular incidência na Ria de Aveiro onde se quantificaram os níveis de OTs em mexilhões, gastrópodes e sedimentos, recolhidos numa malha de amostragem mais densa. A distribuição espacial dos organoestanhos foi determinada utilizando o bivalve M. galloprovincialis como espécie bioindicadora. Os níveis totais de estanho (SnT) foram quantificados nos tecidos do mexilhão e relacionados com os níveis totais de OTs nos mesmos tecidos, incluindo monobutilestanho (MBT), dibutilestanho (DBT), tributilestanho (TBT), difenilestanho (DPhT), trifenilestanho (TPhT), monoctilestanho (MOcT) e dioctilestanho (DOct). A contribuição dos OTs para os valores de estanho total (SnT) foi superior nas estações de amostragem localizadas no interior de portos onde atingiram proporções próximas dos 50%. De entre estes, os butilestanhos (BuTs=MBT+DBT+TBT) contribuíram em média com 98.6% para o valor total de OTs, tendo sido detectados em todas as amostras analisadas. Os valores mais elevados foram registados no interior ou na proximidade de portos, corroborando a ideia anterior de que constituem importantes focos de poluição. A variação das concentrações de TBT no mexilhão situou-se entre os 0,9 e 720 ng Sn.g-1 de peso seco (ps). Estes valores são, em 69% das estações amostradas, superiores ao valor do proposto pela OSPAR (4,9 ng TBT-Sn.g-1 ps) para tecidos de mexilhão o que sugere a forte probabilidade de ocorrência de efeitos adversos sobre os ecossistemas. Os níveis de OTs foram também quantificados em tecidos de N. reticulatus recolhidos ao longo da costa em 2008 Os butilestanhos representaram a maioria dos compostos organoestânicos quantificados e os níveis mais elevados foram novamente detectados no interior ou nas imediações de portos. Os valores de TBT nos tecidos deste gastrópode variaram entre 3,5 e 380 ng Sn.g-1 ps, representando uma percentagem média de 50,4% do total de butilestanhos. Simultaneamente, os níveis de imposex foram também avaliados e relacionados com os valores deste composto nos tecidos. As distribuições espaciais de imposex e de TBT seguiram a mesma tendência, sendo que em todos os locais amostrados foram encontradas fêmeas afectadas. Os valores de VDSI (índice da sequência do vaso deferente) variaram entre 0,2 e 4,4. Em 91% dos locais os valores de VDSI foram superiores a 0,3 (definido pela OSPAR como o valor de VDSI em N. reticulatus acima do qual o objectivo de qualidade ecológica não é atingido), confirmando a suspeição da existência de efeitos adversos nos ecossistemas. Em todos os compartimentos analisados na Ria de Aveiro, os butilestanhos foram os principais contribuintes para estanho orgânico total. A utilização do imposex em N. reticulatus como biomarcador da poluição por TBT permitiu determinar um gradiente decrescente desde o interior da Ria (onde se situa a zona portuária) até zonas costeiras adjacentes. O mesmo gradiente foi observado relativamente às concentrações de TBT em tecidos de mexilhão. Para os sedimentos, as concentrações de TBT são bastante variáveis com valores entre 2,7 e 1780 ng Sn.g-1 ps encontrando-se significativamente correlacionadas com o conteúdo em matéria orgânica da amostra. Em todas as amostras analisadas os níveis de TBT são elevados e superiores ao valor inferior (provisório) de EAC (critério de avaliação ambiental) proposto pela OSPAR (0,004 ng TBT-Sn.g-1 ps). A análise da evolução temporal da poluição por TBT ao longo da costa foi concretizada por meio da comparação entre níveis de organoestanhos em N. reticulatus em amostras de 2008 e 2003 e também através da comparação dos níveis de imposex registados em campanhas realizadas naqueles dois anos. Os resultados obtidos indicam a ocorrência de reduções significativas nas concentrações de TBT, DBT e MBT, assim como uma diminuição significativa nos valores de VDSI entre 2003 e 2008. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que a redução verificada se deve à implementação do Regulamento 782/2003 da Comunidade Europeia, que tem por objectivo a erradicação das descargas e emissões de TBT para o ambiente a partir dos sistemas antivegetativos A diminuição da poluição por TBT ao longo dos últimos anos foi acompanhada por um aumento no número de fêmeas com um vaso deferente, mas sem pénis (imposex do tipo b): 3,5% em 2000, 11% em 2003 e 24% em 2008. Um aumento no número de locais onde se registou o fenómeno também é evidente: dois em 2000, sete em 2003 e treze em 2008. A proporção de fêmeas b no estádio 1 de VDS apresentou igual tendência com aumento de 38% em 2000 para 65% em 2008. O aumento no número de fêmeas com esta via parece estar associado à diminuição da poluição por TBT. Face à esperada diminuição da presença do composto no meio ambiente, devido à sua proibição, o aumento de fêmeas com imposex do tipo b é previsível. A ocorrência de compostos xenoestrogénicos no ambiente aquático foi também estudada e os níveis de estrona (E1), 17α-e 17β-estradiol (E2), 17α- etinilestradiol (EE2), bisfenol-A (BPA) e nonilfenol (NP) foram quantificados em efluentes de estações de tratamento de águas residuais (ETARs) localizadas na região de Aveiro, bem como no efluente final descarregado no Oceano Atlântico, através de um emissário submarino (S. Jacinto), sendo amostras recolhidas na entrada da Ria e ao largo usadas como referência. Os níveis de hormonas esteróides e compostos fenólicos registados nos locais de referência são baixos. De entre as hormonas esteróides os níveis mais elevados foram registados para a estrona, com valores máximos de 85.3 ng.L- 1 . Os níveis mais elevados de compostos fenólicos foram detectados em efluentes industriais (máximos de NP e BPA de 2410 ng.L-1 e 897 ng.L-1 , respectivamente). Os resultados obtidos sugerem que os níveis de compostos xenoestrogénicos em locais de referência são baixos e não parecerem acarretar risco ecológico, no entanto o mesmo não será verdadeiro para as imediações do emissário de S. Jacinto que liberta efluentes com concentrações muito elevadas de E1, NP e BPA. Foram realizadas experiências laboratoriais de forma a elucidar o papel do receptor retinóico X (RXR) no mecanismo de indução de imposex (presentemente o mecanismo que demonstra maior promessa na explicação do desencadear deste fenómeno). Fêmeas de Nucella lapillus e N. reticulatus foram injectadas com TBT em etanol ou com ácido 9-cis- retinóico em FBS (soro fetal bovino) tendo-se procedido à sua observação nos 30 dias subsequentes. Tanto o TBT como o 9CRA induziram o desenvolvimento de imposex em N. lapillus e N. reticulatus. Aumentos significativos nos valores de VDSI e FPL entre o controlo de etanol e o tratamento de TBT e o controlo de FBS e o tratamento de 9CRA foram registados. Os resultados obtidos fornecem novas provas do envolvimento da via de sinalização associada ao RXR no desenvolvimento de imposex em ambas as espécies.

“I just can’t, I am frightened for my safety, I don’t know how to work with her” Practitioners’ experiences of client violence and recommendations for future practice

To what extent is the therapist-client relationship damaged following client perpetuated violence and what steps can we take to diminish its impact? Much of the information we have on client violence comes from multiple mental health disciplines in the US and the UK over the last 20-30 years and has formed a useful, though sometimes dated and sporadic, quantitative baseline to delineate a range of issues. However, there is limited systematic research on how practitioner psychologists process the violence in the course of their everyday practice and how this impacts the therapist-client dynamic. Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), we explored seven therapists’ experiences of client violence across a range of work sites – acute psychiatric hospital wards, forensic hospital wards and community mental health teams. Three main themes were documented: processing the moment-to-moment experience of client violence; professional vulnerabilities and needs as a result of client violence; and the ruptured therapeutic relationship. Strategies for supporting practicing psychologists and providing continuing professional care for clients include challenging self-doubt and re-energizing professional competencies as well as repairing ourselves and repairing the therapeutic relationship. Recommendations for credentialing and regulatory bodies in relation to client violence are also highlighted.

O plano museológico do concelho de Loulé. O exemplo do Polo Museológico dos Frutos Secos.

Em 1991 é estabelecido o Plano Museológico do concelho de Loulé, a partir de uma proposta discutida em reunião aberta com associações locais, investigadores e outros interessados. Desde aí, o Museu Municipal de Loulé tem desenvolvido esforços concertados com muitos actores locais, públicos ou privados no sentido de concretizar a instalação de uma rede de pólos museológicos diversificados – mas complementares – que permitam uma interpretação cultural do rico património do concelho.

DRIFT and DRUV spectroscopy methods for studying the interaction of metal compounds with native cellulose

Dissertação de mestrado, Qualidade em Análises, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015