988 resultados para Autistic people--Biography.


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A presente dissertação viu no estudo do conceito da autonomia o caminho para valorizar a liberdade de decisão do deficiente cognitivo, especificamente o portador de transtorno invasivo do desenvolvimento, ou autista. Como base teórica, foi utilizada a Bioética, pelo seu papel de mediadora entre as ciências médicas e a filosofia. Primeiramente, realizou-se um relato histórico do conceito de autonomia e a contextualização da sua relação com a Bioética. Como o conceito filosófico de pessoa nem sempre é atribuído ao autista, entender a razão dessa distinção é complementar a compreensão do porque não ser atribuída autonomia para esses indivíduos. Os portadores de deficiências vivem uma situação especial de vulnerabilidade, portanto, o conceito de vulnerabilidade e sua relação com a deficiência também fazem parte do estudo. Para uma melhor compreensão de quem é o autista realizou-se uma breve revisão bibliográfica sobre o autismo, priorizando as informações atuais. Somou-se ao levantamento teórico um estudo de caso, onde foi acompanhado um portador adulto da patologia. Com isso, esperava-se avaliar de maneira qualitativa a autonomia do indivíduo. Ter autonomia é fundamental para garantir uma boa qualidade de vida, por isso a Bioética sugere sua proteção e ampliação. Discutir como isso será realizado é fundamental para evitar as formas de paternalismo que reduzem a pessoalidade. Explorar o conceito de autonomia não visa limitar e sim ampliar as possibilidades para todo e qualquer ser-humano. A presente dissertação viu no estudo do conceito da autonomia o caminho para valorizar a liberdade de decisão do deficiente cognitivo, especificamente o portador de transtorno invasivo do desenvolvimento, ou autista. Como base teórica, foi utilizada a Bioética, pelo seu papel de mediadora entre as ciências médicas e a filosofia. Primeiramente, realizou-se um relato histórico do conceito de autonomia e a contextualização da sua relação com a Bioética. Como o conceito filosófico de pessoa nem sempre é atribuído ao autista, entender a razão dessa distinção é complementar a compreensão do porque não ser atribuída autonomia para esses indivíduos. Os portadores de deficiências vivem uma situação especial de vulnerabilidade, portanto, o conceito de vulnerabilidade e sua relação com a deficiência também fazem parte do estudo. Para uma melhor compreensão de quem é o autista realizou-se uma breve revisão bibliográfica sobre o autismo, priorizando as informações atuais. Somou-se ao levantamento teórico um estudo de caso, onde foi acompanhado um portador adulto da patologia. Com isso, esperava-se avaliar de maneira qualitativa a autonomia do indivíduo. Ter autonomia é fundamental para garantir uma boa qualidade de vida, por isso a Bioética sugere sua proteção e ampliação. Discutir como isso será realizado é fundamental para evitar as formas de paternalismo que reduzem a pessoalidade. Explorar o conceito de autonomia não visa limitar e sim ampliar as possibilidades para todo e qualquer ser-humano.

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Autism and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are, respectively, neurodevelopmental and degenerative diseases with an increasing epidemiological burden. The AD-associated amyloid-beta precursor protein-alpha has been shown to be elevated in severe autism, leading to the 'anabolic hypothesis' of its etiology. Here we performed a focused microarray analysis of genes belonging to NOTCH and WNT signaling cascades, as well as genes related to AD and apoptosis pathways in cerebellar samples from autistic individuals, to provide further evidence for pathological relevance of these cascades for autism. By using the limma package from R and false discovery rate, we demonstrated that 31% (116 out of 374) of the genes belonging to these pathways displayed significant changes in expression (corrected P-values <0.05), with mitochondria- related genes being the most downregulated. We also found upregulation of GRIN1, the channel-forming subunit of NMDA glutamate receptors, and MAP3K1, known activator of the JNK and ERK pathways with anti-apoptotic effect. Expression of PSEN2 (presinilin 2) and APBB1 (or F65) were significantly lower when compared with control samples. Based on these results, we propose a model of NMDA glutamate receptor-mediated ERK activation of alpha-secretase activity and mitochondrial adaptation to apoptosis that may explain the early brain overgrowth and disruption of synaptic plasticity and connectome in autism. Finally, systems pharmacology analyses of the model that integrates all these genes together (NOWADA) highlighted magnesium (Mg2+) and rapamycin as most efficient drugs to target this network model in silico. Their potential therapeutic application, in the context of autism, is therefore discussed.

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This study measured the postures of older people during cooking and laundry. A sample of men and women aged 75+ years (n=27) was recruited and observed in a home-like environment. Postures were recorded with a measurement system in an objective and detailed manner. The participants were videotaped to be able to see where 'critical' postures occurred, as defined by a trunk inclination of ≥60°. Analysis of data was facilitated by specially developed software. Critical postures accounted for 3% of cooking and 10% of laundry, occurring primarily during retrieving from and putting in lower cabinets, the refrigerator, laundry basket or washing machine as well as disposing into the waste bin. These tasks involve a great variation in postural changes and pose a particular risk to older people. The results suggest that the use of stressful postures may decrease efficiency and increase fatigue, eventually leading to difficulties with daily activities. The specific tasks identified during which critical postures occurred should be targeted by designers in order to improve the activities. A few examples are given of how better design can reduce or eliminate some of the postural constraints.

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The Mosuo, living in the Lugu Lake area in northwest Yunnan Province, China, is the only matriarchal population in China. The Mosuo was officially identified as Naxi nationality although its relationship with Naxi remains controversial. We studied the gen

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The purpose of this study is to develop a model of cognitive impairment to help designers consider the range of issues which affect the lives of people living with such impairment. A series of interviews with experts of cognitive impairment was conducted to describe and assess the links between specific medical conditions, including learning disability, specific learning difficulties, autistic spectrum disorders, traumatic brain injury and schizophrenia, and the types of cognitive impairment associated with them. The results reveal some of the most prevalent and serious types of impairment, which - when transformed into design guidance - will help designers make mainstream products more inclusive also for people with cognitive impairment. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.

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We present a new approach for estimating mixing between populations based on non-recombining markers, specifically Y-chromosome microsatellites. A Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) Bayesian statistical approach is used to calculate the posterior probability

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Cost-profit analysis and market testing of some value-added products from silver carp such as fish mince block, fish sausage, fish ball, fish stick and fish burger were analyzed during April 2001 to March 2002. The study also explored the possibility to involve rural low-income people in the production and marketing of such products. The production of silver carp was higher in greater Jessore and Mymensingh districts but the price remained low during the peak-harvesting season in October to November. The price varied with size of the fish, season, market characteristics and effective demand of the buyers. Price of about 500 g size fish was found to be Tk. 20-25/kg in the rural markets. The average size of fish in the rural markets was 3S0-550 g while that in the urban markets it was 700-1,200 g. The cost of production of the value added products and profit margin were assessed on the basis of market price of the raw material as well as that of the finished products, transportation, storage and marketing costs. The profit margins of 34%, 39%, 81% and 31% of their sales price were obtained for fish sausage, fish ball, fish stick and fish burger, respectively. Actual production cost could be minimized if the fish is purchased directly from the farmers. Consumer's acceptance and marketability tests showed that both rural and urban people preferred fish ball than fish sausage. However, response towards the taste, flavor and color of fish ball and fish sausage was found to vary with occupations and age of the consumers. A correlation was observed between age group and acceptance of new products. Fish ball, fish stick and fish burger were found to be the most preferable items to the farmers because of easy formulation process with common utensils. Good marketing linkage and requirement of capital had been identified as the prerequisites for operating small-scale business on value-added fish products.

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In new product development, the ability to integrate different dimensions of sustainability at a value chain level is still a complex, problematic goal. As product-service approaches are increasingly enabling the introduction of more sustainable paths, this paper describes the authors' experience thus far when building insights into conditions for the implementation of integrated solutions in a process of co-development and testing in real life conditions, which are driven by a social need focusing on food for people with reduced access. Throughout this process, which brought together producers, consumers and other stakeholders to design and test industrialised, sustainable solutions, empirical evidence demonstrates feasibility and usefulness of the approach and insight into the conditions for implementing interactive, comprehensive multi-stakeholder processes in real life situations. In addition, results show that the delivery of innovative solutions enabled to offer social added value, economic profits and environmental improvements under specific experimental conditions. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.