QT interval in healthy dogs: which method of correcting the QT interval in dogs is appropriate for use in small animal clinics?

The electrocardiography (ECG) QT interval is influenced by fluctuations in heart rate (HR) what may lead to misinterpretation of its length. Considering that alterations in QT interval length reflect abnormalities of the ventricular repolarisation which predispose to occurrence of arrhythmias, this variable must be properly evaluated. The aim of this work is to determine which method of correcting the QT interval is the most appropriate for dogs regarding different ranges of normal HR (different breeds). Healthy adult dogs (n=130; German Shepherd, Boxer, Pit Bull Terrier, and Poodle) were submitted to ECG examination and QT intervals were determined in triplicates from the bipolar limb II lead and corrected for the effects of HR through the application of three published formulae involving quadratic, cubic or linear regression. The mean corrected QT values (QTc) obtained using the diverse formulae were significantly different (ρ<0.05), while those derived according to the equation QTcV = QT + 0.087(1- RR) were the most consistent (linear regression). QTcV values were strongly correlated (r=0.83) with the QT interval and showed a coefficient of variation of 8.37% and a 95% confidence interval of 0.22-0.23 s. Owing to its simplicity and reliability, the QTcV was considered the most appropriate to be used for the correction of QT interval in dogs.

Potencial plástico de Cabralea canjerana subsp. polytricha (Adr. Juss.) Penn. (Meliaceae) e seu papel na formação de ecótipos em áreas de cerrado e vereda, Uberlândia, MG

A formação de ecótipos em Cabralea canjerana subsp. polytricha foi estudada em áreas de cerrado e vereda de uma reserva ecológica no município de Uberlândia, MG, utilizando modelos de genética quantitativa para medida de plasticidade fenotípica. Os ecótipos foram caracterizados quanto à altura dos indivíduos, peso de frutos e sementes, número de sementes viáveis por fruto e sincronização no período de floração. Existe grande variabilidade genética para caracteres importantes na determinação do valor adaptativo da subspécie. Os genótipos respondem fenotipicamente à heterogeneidade ambiental, provocada pelo gradiente cerrado/vereda, em dois dos três caracteres observados. As respostas plásticas foram distintas entre os genótipos, quanto à direção e intensidade. Assincronia temporal de floração e o modo de ação de dispersores de sementes podem contribuir para a evolução da divergência entre ecótipos na área estudada.

Mechanisms in anti-inflammation and resolution: the role of lipoxins and aspirin-triggered lipoxins

Multicellular host responses to infection, injury or inflammatory stimuli lead to the formation of a broad range of chemical mediators by the host. The integrated response of the host is essential to health and disease; thus it is important to achieve a more complete understanding of the molecular and cellular events governing the formation and actions of endogenous mediators of resolution that appear to control the duration of inflammation. Lipoxins are trihydroxytetraene-containing lipid mediators that can be formed during cell-cell interactions and are predominantly counterregulators of some well-known mediators of inflammation. Since this circuit of lipoxin formation and action appears to be of physiological relevance for the resolution of inflammation, therapeutic modalities targeted at this system are likely to have fewer unwanted side effects than other candidates and current anti-inflammatory therapies. Here, we present an overview of the recent knowledge about the biosynthesis and bioactions of these anti-inflammatory lipid mediators.

Classification of brain tumor extracts by high resolution ¹H MRS using partial least squares discriminant analysis

High resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H MRS) can be used to detect biochemical changes in vitro caused by distinct pathologies. It can reveal distinct metabolic profiles of brain tumors although the accurate analysis and classification of different spectra remains a challenge. In this study, the pattern recognition method partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to classify 11.7 T ¹H MRS spectra of brain tissue extracts from patients with brain tumors into four classes (high-grade neuroglial, low-grade neuroglial, non-neuroglial, and metastasis) and a group of control brain tissue. PLS-DA revealed 9 metabolites as the most important in group differentiation: γ-aminobutyric acid, acetoacetate, alanine, creatine, glutamate/glutamine, glycine, myo-inositol, N-acetylaspartate, and choline compounds. Leave-one-out cross-validation showed that PLS-DA was efficient in group characterization. The metabolic patterns detected can be explained on the basis of previous multimodal studies of tumor metabolism and are consistent with neoplastic cell abnormalities possibly related to high turnover, resistance to apoptosis, osmotic stress and tumor tendency to use alternative energetic pathways such as glycolysis and ketogenesis.

Effect of image resolution manipulation in rearfoot angle measurements obtained with photogrammetry

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of image resolution manipulation on the photogrammetric measurement of the rearfoot static angle. The study design was that of a reliability study. We evaluated 19 healthy young adults (11 females and 8 males). The photographs were taken at 1536 pixels in the greatest dimension, resized into four different resolutions (1200, 768, 600, 384 pixels) and analyzed by three equally trained examiners on a 96-pixels per inch (ppi) screen. An experienced physiotherapist marked the anatomic landmarks of rearfoot static angles on two occasions within a 1-week interval. Three different examiners had marked angles on digital pictures. The systematic error and the smallest detectable difference were calculated from the angle values between the image resolutions and times of evaluation. Different resolutions were compared by analysis of variance. Inter- and intra-examiner reliability was calculated by intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC). The rearfoot static angles obtained by the examiners in each resolution were not different (P > 0.05); however, the higher the image resolution the better the inter-examiner reliability. The intra-examiner reliability (within a 1-week interval) was considered to be unacceptable for all image resolutions (ICC range: 0.08-0.52). The whole body image of an adult with a minimum size of 768 pixels analyzed on a 96-ppi screen can provide very good inter-examiner reliability for photogrammetric measurements of rearfoot static angles (ICC range: 0.85-0.92), although the intra-examiner reliability within each resolution was not acceptable. Therefore, this method is not a proper tool for follow-up evaluations of patients within a therapeutic protocol.

Striatal and extrastriatal dopamine D2/3 receptors studied with [11C]raclopride and high-resolution PET

The human striatum is a heterogeneous structure representing a major part of the dopamine (DA) system’s basal ganglia input and output. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a powerful tool for imaging DA neurotransmission. However, PET measurements suffer from bias caused by the low spatial resolution, especially when imaging small, D2/3 -rich structures such as the ventral striatum (VST). The brain dedicated high-resolution PET scanner, ECAT HRRT (Siemens Medical Solutions, Knoxville, TN, USA) has superior resolution capabilities than its predecessors. In the quantification of striatal D2/3 binding, the in vivo highly selective D2/3 antagonist [11C] raclopride is recognized as a well-validated tracer. The aim of this thesis was to use a traditional test-retest setting to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing the HRRT scanner for exploring not only small brain regions such as the VST but also low density D2/3 areas such as cortex. It was demonstrated that the measurement of striatal D2/3 binding was very reliable, even when studying small brain structures or prolonging the scanning interval. Furthermore, the cortical test-retest parameters displayed good to moderate reproducibility. For the first time in vivo, it was revealed that there are significant divergent rostrocaudal gradients of [11C]raclopride binding in striatal subregions. These results indicate that high-resolution [11C]raclopride PET is very reliable and its improved sensitivity means that it should be possible to detect the often very subtle changes occurring in DA transmission. Another major advantage is the possibility to measure simultaneously striatal and cortical areas. The divergent gradients of D2/3 binding may have functional significance and the average distribution binding could serve as the basis for a future database. Key words: dopamine, PET, HRRT, [11C]raclopride, striatum, VST, gradients, test-retest.

Developing correlative Optical-Photoacustic microscopy for high-resolution in vivo imaging

PhotoAcoustic Imaging (PAI) is a branch in clinical and pre-clinical imaging, that refers to the techniques mapping acoustic signals caused by the absorption of the short laser pulse. This conversion of electromagnetic energy of the light to the mechanical (acoustic) energy is usually called photoacoustic effect. PAI, by combining optical excitation with acoustical detection, is able to preserve the diffraction limited spatial resolution. At the same time, the penetration depth is extended beyond the diffusive limit. The Laser-Scanning PhotoAcoustic Microscope system (LS-PAM) has been developed, that offers the axial resolution of 7.75 µm with the lateral resolution better than 10 µm. The first in vivo imaging experiments were carried out. Thus, in vivo label-free imaging of the mouse ear was performed. The principle possibility to image vessels located in deep layers of the mouse skin was shown. As well as that, a gold printing sample, vasculature of the Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane Assay, Drosophila larvae were imaged by PAI. During the experimental work, a totally new application of PAM was found, in which the acoustic waves, generated by incident light can be used for further imaging of another sample. In order to enhance the performance of the presented system two main recommendation can be offered. First, the current system should be transformed into reflection-mode setup system. Second, a more powerful source of light with the sufficient repetition rate should be introduced into the system.

Development of 3D super-resolution tomographic STED microscopy and its application to studies on bone resorption

In this doctoral thesis, a tomographic STED microscopy technique for 3D super-resolution imaging was developed and utilized to observebone remodeling processes. To improve upon existing methods, wehave used a tomographic approach using a commercially available stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscope. A certain region of interest (ROI) was observed at two oblique angles: one at a standard inverted configuration from below (bottom view) and another from the side (side view) via a micro-mirror positioned close to the ROI. The two viewing angles were reconstructed into a final tomogram. The technique, named as tomographic STED microscopy, was able to achieve an axial resolution of approximately 70 nm on microtubule structures in a fixed biological specimen. High resolution imaging of osteoclasts (OCs) that are actively resorbing bone was achieved by creating an optically transparent coating on a microscope coverglass that imitates a fractured bone surface. 2D super-resolution STED microscopy on the bone layer showed approximately 60 nm of lateral resolution on a resorption associated organelle allowing these structures to be imaged with super-resolution microscopy for the first time. The developed tomographic STED microscopy technique was further applied to study resorption mechanisms of OCs cultured on the bone coating. The technique revealed actin cytoskeleton with specific structures, comet-tails, some of which were facing upwards and some others were facing downwards. This, in our opinion, indicated that during bone resorption, an involvement of the actin cytoskeleton in vesicular exocytosis and endocytosis is present. The application of tomographic STED microscopy in bone biology demonstrated that 3D super-resolution techniques can provide new insights into biological 3D nano-structures that are beyond the diffraction-limit when the optical constraints of super-resolution imaging are carefully taken into account.

Morfologia e anatomia da semente de Dictyoloma vandellianum Adr. Juss.(Rutaceae)

Foram descritos e ilustrados aspectos morfo-anatômicos das sementes de Dictyoloma vandellianum Adr. Juss., visando o conhecimento dos tegumentos, endosperma e embrião. As sementes são reniformes, aladas, acobreadas, mesotestais, exariladas e albuminosas (reserva protéica). O embrião é axial, curvo, dominante, com cotilédones carnosos de reserva protéica, eixo hipocótilo-radícula longo e plúmula reduzida.

Bioimage informatics in STED super-resolution microscopy

Optical microscopy is living its renaissance. The diffraction limit, although still physically true, plays a minor role in the achievable resolution in far-field fluorescence microscopy. Super-resolution techniques enable fluorescence microscopy at nearly molecular resolution. Modern (super-resolution) microscopy methods rely strongly on software. Software tools are needed all the way from data acquisition, data storage, image reconstruction, restoration and alignment, to quantitative image analysis and image visualization. These tools play a key role in all aspects of microscopy today – and their importance in the coming years is certainly going to increase, when microscopy little-by-little transitions from single cells into more complex and even living model systems. In this thesis, a series of bioimage informatics software tools are introduced for STED super-resolution microscopy. Tomographic reconstruction software, coupled with a novel image acquisition method STED< is shown to enable axial (3D) super-resolution imaging in a standard 2D-STED microscope. Software tools are introduced for STED super-resolution correlative imaging with transmission electron microscopes or atomic force microscopes. A novel method for automatically ranking image quality within microscope image datasets is introduced, and it is utilized to for example select the best images in a STED microscope image dataset.

Development of a New Welding Product Quality Control and Management System Model for China

The Chinese welding industry is growing every year due to rapid development of the Chinese economy. Increasingly, companies around the world are looking to use Chinese enterprises as their cooperation partners. However, the Chinese welding industry also has its weaknesses, such as relatively low quality and weak management. A modern, advanced welding management system appropriate for local socio-economic conditions is required to enable Chinese enterprises to enhance further their business development. The thesis researches the design and implementation of a new welding quality management system for China. This new system is called ‗welding production quality control management model in China‘ (WQMC). Constructed on the basis of analysis of a survey and in-company interviews, the welding management system comprises the following different elements and perspectives: a ‗Localized congenital existing problem resolution strategies‘ (LCEPRS) database, a ‗human factor designed training system‘ (HFDT) training strategy, the theory of modular design, ISO 3834 requirements, total welding management (TWM), and lean manufacturing (LEAN) theory. The methods used in the research are literature review, questionnaires, interviews, and the author‘s model design experiences and observations, i.e. the approach is primarily qualitative and phenomenological. The thesis describes the design and implementation of a HFDT strategy in Chinese welding companies. Such training is an effective way to increase employees‘ awareness of quality and issues associated with quality assurance. The study identified widely existing problems in the Chinese welding industry and constructed a LCEPRS database that can be used in efforts to mitigate and avoid common problems. The work uses the theory of modular design, TWM and LEAN as tools for the implementation of the WQMC system.

OEuvres de « VINCENT COSSARD », savoir.

Contient : 1 « Livre des causes ou principes et origines des deux Natures » ; 2 « Discours et resolution de la divination, ou Divine et souveraine verité touchant ce qui est à advenir de la guerre des chrestiens et Ismaëlites ou Turchz. De la victoire, en quel lieu sera, et pourquoy. 1575 » ; 3 « La dixieme partie ou section des OEuvres de JAMBLICUS, des Misteres des Egyptiens. 1576 » ; 4 « Consideration du christianisme » ; 5 « La Rome babylonique, ou Petit traicté de la confusion et ruine babylonique en la cité de Rome » ; 6 « Premiere partie de la Demonstration du vespre du monde. 1577 ». Précédée d'une lettre « à Richard Crosnier, presbtre » ; 7 « La Dispute du pape Sylvestre avec les Juifz, celebrée à Rome l'an trois cens apres l'Incarnation, en la presence de l'empereur Constantin et Helene, sa mere, Augustes, touchant la verité de Jesus Christ, Dieu incarné, juxte les antiennes promesses et propheties dont est tres doctement par le meme texte de l'Escripture saincte refutée l'erreur non seulement des Juifz et Mahometains touchant la Trinité, mais aussi de plusieurs heretiques antiens et modernes » ; 8 « De la Naissance, progres et fin de l'empire romain, oeuvre composé, depuis trois cens ans, par ENGELBERT, abbé d'Aumont, faict françois. 1575 » ; 9 « Les quatre Livres de PHILIPPE THEOPH. PARACELSE. De la longue Vie, ou Conservation et prorogation de la vie, faict françoys du latin, l'an. commençant 1576 » ; 10 « Oratio in Assumptione B. Virginis, habita Rothomagi, anno 1576 » ; 11 « Ad senatum urbis novae et fortissimae Portus Gratiae, totius Galliae propugnaculi » ; 12 « In S. Elizabethae, virg. Sconaugiensis, sermonem sextum, sive cap. 4, lib. 2 Viarum Dei sive visionum, inscriptum de Via praelatorum, praefatio ad... Jo. Ruffum, ecclesiae quae est in sylvula Anneburgii antistitem » ; 13 « OΥINKENTIOΣ KOΣΣΑΡΔΟΣ. Ιωάννη τω̃ αυτου̃ πατρι ευ πράττειν », lettre, en grec, de Cossard à son père, 15 décembre 1570 ; 14 Lettres latines, de « GUILLAUME POSTEL à Cossard » ; 3 janvier 1576 (fol. 192); — de « V. COSSARD à G. Postel », 27 septembre 1576 (ibid.), — de « LOUIS MARTEL à V. Cossard », 11 septembre 1576 (fol. 193) ; — de « V. COSSARD à G. Postel », 1er juillet 1577 (ibid.) ; — de « G. POSTEL à V. Cossard », 10 juillet 1577 (fol. 194) ; — de « G. POSTEL à V. Cossard », 2 mai (ibid) ; 15 « Epistre presentée par COSSARD à Mgr le reverendissime archevesque de Raims et abbé de Fescamp, 1576 » ; 16 « Preface à tres affectionné zelateur de la vraye pieté et syncerité du christianisme, Me Robert Joly, prestre, sur la generale et terrible vision faicte à noble et religieuse personne F. Robert, premierement prestre seculier, et depuis, de l'ordre Saint Dominique ; mise en françoys, pour la conversion du monde babylonique, apres avoir été cachée l'espace de 288 ans » ; 17 « Nemo, sive Sermo de vita et rebus gestis viri ad hunc diem incogniti Neminis, videlicet contemporanei Deo Patri, Filio coessentialis, et origine conformis Spiritui Sancto » ; 18 « La Voix du desert » ; 19 « Specilegium exercitationum poeticarum », en vers français ; 20 « Chant royal sur la pure et tres saincte Conception de la Vierge » ; 21 « Ballade sur la mesme Immaculée Conception » ; 22 « Consideration ou elegie sur la mort de Me Romain Cossard, premier aux esleus pour le roy à Rouen » ; 23 « Dixain sur la mort du mesme » ; 24 « Ode sur la mort du dict sieur Esleu, mise à l'entour du cierge bruslant sur le tombeau » ; 25 « Elegie sur la mort de damoyselle Marie Le Bouteiller » ; 26 Lettre à « damoysele Marie Le Bouteiller, mere de la deffuncte, sur la mort de son filz, qui mourust un an apres » ; 27 « Au Roy de la febve », vers ; 28 « Chant royal sur l'Immaculée et saincte Conception » ; 29 « Priere à la Vierge pour le roy » ; 30 « Ballade sur la mesme Conception » ; 31 « Autre ballade » ; 32 Epigrammes traduites d'« ARCHIAS », de « MELEAGRE », de « PALLADE », etc ; 33 « Sonnet sur la tres saincte Conception » ; 34 « Sur le tombeau d'un paovre », traduit « du latin de PONTAN » ; 35 « Quatrain de FRANÇOIS DUFRESNE » ; 36 « Ex Th. Moro », quatrain ; 37 « Horatiana rapsodia pro tumulo », centon de vers d'Horace ; 38 « Tombeau », vers