Estensione dell'Abstraction Layer di DTNperf alle API di IBR-DTN

Sono dette “challenged networks” quelle reti in cui lunghi ritardi, frequenti partizionamenti e interruzioni, elevati tassi di errore e di perdita non consentono l’impiego dei classici protocolli di comunicazione di Internet, in particolare il TCP/IP. Il Delay-/Disruption-Tolerant Networking (DTN) è una soluzione per il trasferimento di dati attraverso queste reti. L’architettura DTN prevede l’introduzione, sopra il livello di trasporto, del cosiddetto “bundle layer”, che si occupa di veicolare messaggi, o bundle, secondo l’approccio store-and-forward: ogni nodo DTN conserva persistentemente un bundle finché non si presenta l’opportunità di inoltrarlo al nodo successivo verso la destinazione. Il protocollo impiegato nel bundle layer è il Bundle Protocol, le cui principali implementazioni sono tre: DTN2, l’implementazione di riferimento; ION, sviluppata da NASA-JPL e più orientata alle comunicazioni spaziali; IBR-DTN, rivolta soprattutto a dispositivi embedded. Ciascuna di esse offre API che consentono la scrittura di applicazioni in grado di inviare e ricevere bundle. DTNperf è uno strumento progettato per la valutazione delle prestazioni in ambito DTN. La più recente iterazione, DTNperf_3, è compatibile sia con DTN2 che con ION nella stessa versione del programma, grazie all’introduzione di un “Abstraction Layer” che fornisce un’unica interfaccia per l’interazione con le diverse implementazioni del Bundle Protocol e che solo internamente si occupa di invocare le API specifiche dell’implementazione attiva. Obiettivo della tesi è estendere l’Abstraction Layer affinché supporti anche IBR-DTN, cosicché DTNperf_3 possa essere impiegato indifferentemente su DTN2, ION e IBR DTN. Il lavoro sarà ripartito su tre fasi: nella prima esploreremo IBR DTN e le sue API; nella seconda procederemo all’effettiva estensione dell’Abstraction Layer; nella terza verificheremo il funzionamento di DTNperf a seguito delle modifiche, sia in ambiente esclusivamente IBR-DTN, sia ibrido.

As estações ferroviárias do Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba e suas interfaces: história e conservação

The implementation of the railway in Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba helped to develop the area and connexion with other states: São Paulo, Goiás and Mato Grosso. The railway used to transport people and goods throughout many train stations in urban and rural areas and some major railroad complexes. There were many factors that led to the decline and abandonment of these properties: governmental policies which were in favour of road transportation and automotive industry, the replacement of the steam locomotive for electric and electric-diesel locomotives, changing part of the railway plan, removal of railways and loss of function of the buildings, extinction of passenger trains, which led the stations to lose its main purpose: people transport. 53% of the stations built inside the study area were demolished and most of them are in rural areas. There are several situations: stations on a precarious conservation state, most of them in the city s rural area, stations being used in urban and rural areas with new uses, stations working with cargo and goods transportation. The stations in Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba area in Minas Gerais are the object of this dissertation, wherein the main interest lies on the stations that are in operation, 21 buildings, seeking to verify their conservation state, their agents and role in preserving the train memory. Maps, charts and tables were made for this collection s understanding, having visited the stations that are listed by the cultural heritage and the ones that are in operation with new functions. Field records were made allowing the understanding of these properties in operation. It is observed that only the buildings listing, despite ensuring the non-demolition, does not help on the use and preservation of these stations, because there are some buildings that have this protection level, but are abandoned and in disrepair. The use of these stations by a train company, operating with cargo and goods transportation do not also guarantee the buildings preservation, as they are not treated with any preservation interest, their maintenance are precarious. The using by these companies are various, however, only a few stations have internal spaces dedicated to the railroad memory. Most of the stations did not have preservation projects with architects and specialists participation and the major concern, during maintenance process, is on the building s external part. The stations conservation begins on the local government interest, that preserve these properties, most of them are in urban areas, the major challenge is on their using definition and occupancy, especially in the countryside, wherein the buildings uses must be sustainable, as regards the appreciation and management of this heritage.

API de servicios web orientados a accesibilidad

Hoy en día vivimos en una sociedad en la que las tecnologías son accesibles para gran parte de la población y las cuales tienen como finalidad, entre otras cosas, facilitar la vida de las personas en la medida de lo posible. Este proyecto busca hacer uso de esas tecnologías para facilitar la accesibilidad a textos para cualquiera que pueda tener dificultades con ellos, en mayor o menor medida. La finalidad de nuestro proyecto no es crear la aplicación para el uso directo de las personas sino desarrollar los servicios, y el acceso a los mismos, que faciliten la implementación de estas aplicaciones. Aún así en este proyecto se crea una aplicación de ejemplo para Android, en la cual se hace uso de los servicios como muestra de un posible uso de los mismos. Para facilitar el acceso a estos servicios y la comprensión de los mismos, en este proyecto se crea también una API web en la cual quedan todos ellos explicados, como acceder a ellos, su descripción, ejemplos de llamadas y de resultados de las llamadas, en definitiva, todo lo que pueda ayudar a un desarrollador interesado en ellos a utilizarlos sin mayor problema. Las aplicaciones posibles de estos servicios son de lo mas extensas. Así, por ejemplo, en un dispositivo móvil, si un usuario está leyendo un libro y no entiende una palabra o le resulta bastante complicada, tan solo tendría que sacar el móvil, introducir la palabra en una aplicación que llamara a uno de nuestros servicios y obtener el resultado requerido de esa palabra, de forma rápida y cómoda. El proyecto queda dividido en tres partes: el desarrollo de los servicios de accesibilidad, la web de la API explicando cada uno de estos servicios y una aplicación Android de ejemplo de utilización.

Design de interfaces dinâmicos em sistemas de gestão de conteúdos

Relatório de Estágio para a obtenção do grau de Mestre na área de Educação e Comunicação Multimédia

Dynamic Programming Approaches for Estimating and Applying Large-scale Discrete Choice Models

People go through their life making all kinds of decisions, and some of these decisions affect their demand for transportation, for example, their choices of where to live and where to work, how and when to travel and which route to take. Transport related choices are typically time dependent and characterized by large number of alternatives that can be spatially correlated. This thesis deals with models that can be used to analyze and predict discrete choices in large-scale networks. The proposed models and methods are highly relevant for, but not limited to, transport applications. We model decisions as sequences of choices within the dynamic discrete choice framework, also known as parametric Markov decision processes. Such models are known to be difficult to estimate and to apply to make predictions because dynamic programming problems need to be solved in order to compute choice probabilities. In this thesis we show that it is possible to explore the network structure and the flexibility of dynamic programming so that the dynamic discrete choice modeling approach is not only useful to model time dependent choices, but also makes it easier to model large-scale static choices. The thesis consists of seven articles containing a number of models and methods for estimating, applying and testing large-scale discrete choice models. In the following we group the contributions under three themes: route choice modeling, large-scale multivariate extreme value (MEV) model estimation and nonlinear optimization algorithms. Five articles are related to route choice modeling. We propose different dynamic discrete choice models that allow paths to be correlated based on the MEV and mixed logit models. The resulting route choice models become expensive to estimate and we deal with this challenge by proposing innovative methods that allow to reduce the estimation cost. For example, we propose a decomposition method that not only opens up for possibility of mixing, but also speeds up the estimation for simple logit models, which has implications also for traffic simulation. Moreover, we compare the utility maximization and regret minimization decision rules, and we propose a misspecification test for logit-based route choice models. The second theme is related to the estimation of static discrete choice models with large choice sets. We establish that a class of MEV models can be reformulated as dynamic discrete choice models on the networks of correlation structures. These dynamic models can then be estimated quickly using dynamic programming techniques and an efficient nonlinear optimization algorithm. Finally, the third theme focuses on structured quasi-Newton techniques for estimating discrete choice models by maximum likelihood. We examine and adapt switching methods that can be easily integrated into usual optimization algorithms (line search and trust region) to accelerate the estimation process. The proposed dynamic discrete choice models and estimation methods can be used in various discrete choice applications. In the area of big data analytics, models that can deal with large choice sets and sequential choices are important. Our research can therefore be of interest in various demand analysis applications (predictive analytics) or can be integrated with optimization models (prescriptive analytics). Furthermore, our studies indicate the potential of dynamic programming techniques in this context, even for static models, which opens up a variety of future research directions.

Interfaces entre juventude e lazer mercadoria

O presente estudo tece nexos entre sociedade de consumo, lazer e juventudes, cientes da complexidade dado o modo de vida estruturado pelo capital. Mais especificamente, trata do lazer vivenciado em danceterias da cidade de Santa Maria/RS, o qual se constituiem um dos principais espaços de lazer da juventude universitária. As danceterias vendem seus produtos com a promessa de liberdade e de plena fruiçao. Todavia elas nao podem ser entendidas somente pelo viés do negócio, mas articuladores do encontro e da fruiçao de sujeitos sociais. Destacamos a necessidade de políticas públicas de lazer articuladas com os ideais e desejos da juventude e como prática de liberdade

Interfaces entre juventude e lazer mercadoria

O presente estudo tece nexos entre sociedade de consumo, lazer e juventudes, cientes da complexidade dado o modo de vida estruturado pelo capital. Mais especificamente, trata do lazer vivenciado em danceterias da cidade de Santa Maria/RS, o qual se constituiem um dos principais espaços de lazer da juventude universitária. As danceterias vendem seus produtos com a promessa de liberdade e de plena fruiçao. Todavia elas nao podem ser entendidas somente pelo viés do negócio, mas articuladores do encontro e da fruiçao de sujeitos sociais. Destacamos a necessidade de políticas públicas de lazer articuladas com os ideais e desejos da juventude e como prática de liberdade

Interfaces entre juventude e lazer mercadoria

O presente estudo tece nexos entre sociedade de consumo, lazer e juventudes, cientes da complexidade dado o modo de vida estruturado pelo capital. Mais especificamente, trata do lazer vivenciado em danceterias da cidade de Santa Maria/RS, o qual se constituiem um dos principais espaços de lazer da juventude universitária. As danceterias vendem seus produtos com a promessa de liberdade e de plena fruiçao. Todavia elas nao podem ser entendidas somente pelo viés do negócio, mas articuladores do encontro e da fruiçao de sujeitos sociais. Destacamos a necessidade de políticas públicas de lazer articuladas com os ideais e desejos da juventude e como prática de liberdade

Stochastic Modeling of Reversible Biochemical Reaction-Diffusion Systems and High-Resolution Shock-Capturing Methods for Fluid Interfaces

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-08

Diffusion de représentations d’itinéraires adaptées aux personnes à mobilité réduite selon les interfaces multimodales des appareils mobiles

L’accessibilité universelle est de nos jours très importante pour nos villes, car elle permet à toute personne, ayant des incapacités physiques ou non, de mener à bien ses activités socio-professionnelles. À travers le monde, plusieurs projets ont vu le jour comme AXS Map à New York ou AccesSIG en France. Au Canada, un projet multidisciplinaire nommé MobiliSIG ayant pour lieu d’expérimentation la ville de Québec a vu le jour en 2013. L’objectif du projet MobiliSIG est de concevoir et développer une application multimodale d’assistance au déplacement des personnes à mobilité réduite. Ce projet se concentre principalement sur la constitution d’une base de données d’accessibilité se référant au modèle PPH (Processus de Production du Handicap). Nos travaux visent à définir la diffusion d’itinéraires adaptés, adaptables et adaptatifs liés à des contextes multi-utilisateurs, multiplateformes, multimodaux (interfaces et transports) et multi-environnements. Après une revue de littérature et afin d’identifier et définir les besoins liés à cette diffusion des données de navigation, nous nous sommes attelés à la description de plusieurs scénarios pour mieux comprendre les besoins des utilisateurs : planification d’un déplacement et navigation dans le milieu urbain ; parcours multimodal ; recherche d’un point d’intérêt (toilettes accessibles). Cette démarche nous a permis également d’identifier les modes de communication et représentations souhaitées de l’itinéraire (carte, texte, image, parole, …) et de proposer une approche basée sur la transformation de l’itinéraire reçu de la base de données d’accessibilité. Cette transformation est effectuée en tenant compte des préférences de l’utilisateur, de son appareil et de son environnement. La diffusion de l’itinéraire se fait ensuite par un service web de diffusion conçu selon le standard du W3C sur les architectures multimodales (MMI) en combinaison avec le concept de la plasticité des interfaces. Le prototype développé a permis d’avoir comme résultat un système qui diffuse de façon générique l’information de navigation adaptée, adaptable et adaptative à l’utilisateur, à son appareil et à son environnement.

Nonparametric tests of collectively rational consumption behavior: an integer programming procedure

We present an IP-based nonparametric (revealed preference) testing procedure for rational consumption behavior in terms of general collective models, which include consumption externalities and public consumption. An empirical application to data drawn from the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS) demonstrates the practical usefulness of the procedure. Finally, we present extensions of the testing procedure to evaluate the goodness-of-…t of the collective model subject to testing, and to quantify and improve the power of the corresponding collective rationality tests.

Functional Programming With Relations

While programming in a relational framework has much to offer over the functional style in terms of expressiveness, computing with relations is less efficient, and more semantically troublesome. In this paper we propose a novel blend of the functional and relational styles. We identify a class of "causal relations", which inherit some of the bi-directionality properties of relations, but retain the efficiency and semantic foundations of the functional style.

Developmental programming of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): prenatal androgens establish pancreatic islet α/β cell ratio and subsequent insulin secretion

Exogenous androgenic steroids applied to pregnant sheep programmes a PCOS-like phenotype in female offspring. Via ultrasound guidance we applied steroids directly to ovine fetuses at d62 and d82 of gestation, and examined fetal (day 90 gestation) and postnatal (11 months old) pancreatic structure and function. Of three classes of steroid agonists applied (androgen - Testosterone propionate (TP), estrogen - Diethystilbesterol (DES) and glucocorticoid - Dexamethasone (DEX)), only androgens (TP) caused altered pancreatic development. Beta cell numbers were significantly elevated in prenatally androgenised female fetuses (P=0.03) (to approximately the higher numbers found in male fetuses), whereas alpha cell counts were unaffected, precipitating decreased alpha:beta cell ratios in the developing fetal pancreas (P=0.001), sustained into adolescence (P=0.0004). In adolescence basal insulin secretion was significantly higher in female offspring from androgen-excess pregnancies (P=0.045), and an exaggerated, hyperinsulinaemic response to glucose challenge (P=0.0007) observed, whereas prenatal DES or DEX treatment had no effects upon insulin secretion. Postnatal insulin secretion correlated with beta cell numbers (P=0.03). We conclude that the pancreas is a primary locus of androgenic stimulation during development, giving rise to postnatal offspring whose pancreas secreted excess insulin due to excess beta cells in the presence of a normal number of alpha cells.

Development and Application of Predictive Models for Survival, Growth, and Death of Enteric Pathogens in Leafy Greens Supply Chain

Leafy greens are essential part of a healthy diet. Because of their health benefits, production and consumption of leafy greens has increased considerably in the U.S. in the last few decades. However, leafy greens are also associated with a large number of foodborne disease outbreaks in the last few years. The overall goal of this dissertation was to use the current knowledge of predictive models and available data to understand the growth, survival, and death of enteric pathogens in leafy greens at pre- and post-harvest levels. Temperature plays a major role in the growth and death of bacteria in foods. A growth-death model was developed for Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes in leafy greens for varying temperature conditions typically encountered during supply chain. The developed growth-death models were validated using experimental dynamic time-temperature profiles available in the literature. Furthermore, these growth-death models for Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes and a similar model for E. coli O157:H7 were used to predict the growth of these pathogens in leafy greens during transportation without temperature control. Refrigeration of leafy greens meets the purposes of increasing their shelf-life and mitigating the bacterial growth, but at the same time, storage of foods at lower temperature increases the storage cost. Nonlinear programming was used to optimize the storage temperature of leafy greens during supply chain while minimizing the storage cost and maintaining the desired levels of sensory quality and microbial safety. Most of the outbreaks associated with consumption of leafy greens contaminated with E. coli O157:H7 have occurred during July-November in the U.S. A dynamic system model consisting of subsystems and inputs (soil, irrigation, cattle, wildlife, and rainfall) simulating a farm in a major leafy greens producing area in California was developed. The model was simulated incorporating the events of planting, irrigation, harvesting, ground preparation for the new crop, contamination of soil and plants, and survival of E. coli O157:H7. The predictions of this system model are in agreement with the seasonality of outbreaks. This dissertation utilized the growth, survival, and death models of enteric pathogens in leafy greens during production and supply chain.

Orthogonal persistence in Java supported by aspect- oriented programming and reflection

The persistence concern implemented as an aspect has been studied since the appearance of the Aspect-Oriented paradigm. Frequently, persistence is given as an example that can be aspectized, but until today no real world solution has applied that paradigm. Such solution should be able to enhance the programmer productivity and make the application less prone to errors. To test the viability of that concept, in a previous study we developed a prototype that implements Orthogonal Persistence as an aspect. This first version of the prototype was already fully functional with all Java types including arrays. In this work the results of our new research to overcome some limitations that we have identified on the data type abstraction and transparency in the prototype are presented. One of our goals was to avoid the Java standard idiom for genericity, based on casts, type tests and subtyping. Moreover, we also find the need to introduce some dynamic data type abilities. We consider that the Reflection is the solution to those issues. To achieve that, we have extended our prototype with a new static weaver that preprocesses the application source code in order to introduce changes to the normal behavior of the Java compiler with a new generated reflective code.