996 resultados para Apical Dendrites
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Weaning, social environment, dendrites, dendritic spines, limbic system
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AbstractIn children with structural congenital heart disease (CHD), the effects of chronic ventricular pacing on diastolic function are not well known. On the other hand, the beneficial effect of septal pacing over apical pacing is still controversial.The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different right ventricular (RV) pacing site on left ventricular (LV) diastolic function in children with cardiac defects.Twenty-nine pediatric patients with complete atrioventricular block (CAVB) and CHD undergoing permanent pacing were prospectively studied. Pacing sites were RV apex (n = 16) and RV septum (n = 13). Echocardiographic assessment was performed before pacemaker implantation and after it, during a mean follow‑up of 4.9 years.Compared to RV septum, transmitral E-wave was significantly affected in RV apical pacing (95.38 ± 9.19 vs 83 ± 18.75, p = 0.038). Likewise, parameters at the lateral annular tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) were significantly affected in children paced at the RV apex. The E´ wave correlated inversely with TDI lateral myocardial performance index (Tei index) (R2= 0.9849, p ≤ 0.001). RV apex pacing (Odds ratio, 0.648; confidence interval, 0.067-0.652; p = 0.003) and TDI lateral Tei index (Odds ratio, 31.21; confidence interval, 54.6-177.4; p = 0.025) predicted significantly decreased LV diastolic function.Of the two sites studied, RV septum prevents pacing-induced reduction of LV diastolic function.
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According previous studies about longevity in maize by ACCORSI e ADÂMOLI DE BARROS, (1961) the authors presents in this paper the results of work on longevity of seedlings of beans. Seeds were separated in three groups according their weight, as followings: small 80-120 mg; medium 130-140 mg and big 150-200 mg. The sowing of the seeds was made in pure sand and the seedlings were distributed in distil. water and in complete solution of Arnon and Hoagland. Each treatment was made in two replications with eight seedlings by treatment. At present time the following conclusions can be related: 1.°) - Eight days after germination, the cotiledones of all the seedlings started to fell down, fourteen days after, all cotiledones had fell down. 2.°) - Fifteen days after germination, the seedlings in nutritive solution showed better development than those in distil. water. Table I e II gives results. 3.°) - All seedlings in distil. water showed symptoms of N, Ca, Fe deficiencies. 4.°) - Twenty nine days after germination the seedlings in distil. water manifested exhaust trace, by falling of the leaves and death of some plants although the aplicai buds keep green. 5.°) - After thirty-one days the plants in nutritives solution was in better condition than those in distil. water, although some alteration aboved mentioned was observed. The causes of this alteration are being studied. 6.°) - In many plants in complet solution the seminal leaves showed clorosis initial and some with necrosis, although apical buds keeps in ativity. 7.°) - Symptoms of clorosis and necrosis in diferents stages were observed in all leaflet; these symptoms were more strong in the groups of little seed and medium seeds.
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Ethephon é um regulador vegetal capaz de liberar etileno, que por sua vez atua como um retardador de crescimento por inibir o transporte de auxinas. A uréia pode incrementar o efeito do ethephon ou exercer um efeito oposto como fonte de nitrogênio. Estes compostos foram utilizados em plantas de milho visando modificar a dominância apical e consequentemente a época de alongamento da inflorescência, a altura da planta e a posição da espiga superior. Ethephon (ácido 2-cloroetilfosfônico) foi pulverizado em Zea mays cv. Piranão VF-2 38 dias após a semeadura, nos tratamentos: ethephon 500 ppm, ethephon 500 ppm + uréia 2%, ethephon 1.000 ppm, ethephon 1.000 ppm + uréia 2%, ethephon 1.500 ppm e ethephon 1.500 ppm + uréia 2%, além do controle. O regulador vegetal promoveu precocidade no alongamento da inflorescência masculina da planta de milho. Ethephon causou redução na altura da planta de milho 'Piranão VF-2'. A altura da espiga superior foi diminuída com ethephon ou ethephon + uréia. A distancia da espiga superior ao ápice foi reduzida com ethephon por causar diminuição no comprimento dos meritalos apicais. As modificações na época de alongamento da inflorescência masculina revestem-se de importância para a produção de híbridos de linhagens, sendo que reduções na dominância apical poderiam aumentar a prolificidade e consequentemente a produção.
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Com o objetivo de verificar o efeito do estrangulamento do caule e do ácido indolbutírico no enraizamento de estacas de plantas jovens de seringueira, foi conduzido este ensaio. As estacas utilizadas foram retiradas da perte basal, mediana e apical, sendo que parte das estacas foram estranguladas com fio de arame abaixo de duas folhas, 30 dias antes do estaqueamento no campo. As estacas tiveram suas bases imersas por 12 horas em água ou em solução com 200 ppm de IBA. Os resultados mostraram que as estacas da posição basal da planta foram as que apresentaram maior porcentagem de enraizamento. 0 estrangulamento na base da estaca não influiu no enraizamento. Aplicação de IBA + KOH causou necrose na base das estacas. Ocorreu formação de calo em 77,7% das estacas aneladas, 66,6%, das medianas e 33,0% das basais.
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Este ensaio foi realizado com o objetivo de determinar o efeito de calciocianamida e Alzodef na quebra de dormência das gemas da videira 'Niagara Rosada'. O controle da brotação da videira pode possibilitar a produção de uvas nas diferentes épocas do ano. Em 28 de outubro, na regiãode Jundiaí, duas horas depois da poda, aplicou-se calciocianamida 20% através de pincelamento da região apical do ramo, calciocianamida 20% pincelada sobre o corte da poda, pulverização com Alzodef 2% e com Alzodef 5% sobre a região apical do ramo , além do controle. Verificou-se que Alzodef 2% promoveu maior precocidade na emergência das gemas da videira 'Niagara Rosada'. Pincelamento do ramo ou do corte da poda com calciocianamida 20% e pulverização com Alzodef 2% e 5%promoveram quebra da dormência das gemas. Os produtos químicos aplicados não afetaram significati vãmente o número de panículas nem o peso das panículas na colheita.
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Aplicou-se ethephon nas dosagens de 0,2 e 3 l/ha em cana-de-açúcar NA 56-79, 31 dias antes da colheita. Dos colmos colhidos foram efetuadas avaliações referentes a: infestação da broca da cana; gemas danificadas,entumescidas e brotadas; altura dos colmos; comprimento do ápice; número total de gemas e por último, análises tecnológicas para Pol, Brix, pureza e teor de fibras. Os toletes obtidos desses colmos foram plantados combinando-se as três dosagens de ethephon com três densidades de plantio: colmos simples, cruzados e duplos. Foram coletados dados semanais e posteriormente mensais de brotação e dados mensais de altura dos colmos. Dados de produção e número de colmos produzidos foram tomados por ocasião do 1º, 2º e 3º cortes da cana-de-açúcar. Os resultados revelaram que a aplicação de ethephon 2 l/ha, no estágio que antecede a colheita, promoveu um aumento do número de gemas e na altura dos colmos, e a dosagem 3 l/ha reduziu o teor de fibras na região apical da cana-de-açúcar em relação ao controle. Observou-se um aumento na velocidade de emergência de gemas obtidas de colmos tratados com o produto na dosagem 2 l/ha, antes do início do perfilhamento. Quanto à densidade de plantio, colmos duplos possibilitaram maior velocidade de emergência, seguidos de colmos cruzados, com relação a colmos simples. O crescimento, perfilhamento e produção de três anos consecutivos da cana-de-açúcar proveniente de toletes obtidos de plantas tratadas com ethephon não diferiram do controle. Notou-se um maior número de colmos produzidos no 1º ano, na densidade de plantio colmos duplos, quando comparados a colmos simples, sem, contudo, haver um aumento correspondente na produção.
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O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido na Estação Experimental de Piracicaba, SP, utilizando-se seis cultivares de cana-de-açúcar, com o objetivo de comparar a porcentagem de colmos infestados e a intensidade de infestação como técnicas para avaliar o ataque pelo complexo broca-podridões. As cultivares foram plantadas em abril de 1985, sendo as avaliações realizadas nos meses de maio, julho e setembro do ano seguinte. Com base nos resultados obtidos, constatou-se que não há diferenças entre as porcentagens de colmos infestados externa e internamente pelo complexo broca-podridões. A intensidade de infestação interna foi maior que a externa, verificando-se entre estes parâmetros uma correlação linear positiva e altamente significativa. Nem sempre se constatou correlação significativa entre porcentagem de colmos infestados e intensidade de infestação. A maior porcentagem de internódios infestados foi observada na região basal do colmo, e a menor na apical.
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Iguaira gen. nov., type species, I. poranga, sp. nov., based on one nymph from the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, are proposed. The new taxon is distinguished by the labrum with multiple, unorganized setae dorsally; hypopharynx with three-lobed lingua; cleft mandibular incisors; labium with internally curved paraglossae; labial palps with second segment with strong, apically rounded distomedial process and third segment with truncate medial and apical margins; elongate tarsal claws with minute denticles; and absence of scales and scale bases.
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The present study compares the metanotal gland through scanning electron microscopy in five species of Eidmanacris: E. corumbatai Garcia, 1998, E. alboannulata (Piza, 1960), E. dissimilis Desutter-Grandcolas, 1995, E. larvaeformis (Chopard, 1938) and Eidmanacris sp. The general external configuration of the gland was determined by the presence of two median projections with apical opening and a cluster of bristles just above these projections. Although there is a general pattern for this gland, each species has its own pattern, which can be defined mainly by the arrangement of the bristles and the position of the median projections. Our results suggest the taxonomical importance of these structures, which should be better analyzed when describing species of the genus Eidmanacris. In addition, while observing the reproductive behavior of these species, we concluded that the release of this gland secretion is important for the success of mating.
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As estruturas teciduais do trato gastrintestinal de Pimelodus maculatus La Cepède, 1803, do reservatório de Funil (22º30'-22º35'S; 44º35'- 44º40'W) foram descritas através das técnicas de hematoxilina-eosina (HE), tricômico Gomori, ácido Periódico de Schiff (PAS) e alcian blue (AB) pH 2,5. Objetivou-se a detecção de glicoproteínas (GPs) na mucosa através de uma análise histoquímica e caracterização de possíveis alterações ao longo do trato digestório destes peixes neste sistema de elevado grau de alteração. Cinqüenta e quatro indivíduos adultos, coletados entre abril de 2003 e julho de 2004 (CT=19-38 cm) foram utilizados. Na cavidade bucofaríngea, a mucosa apresenta-se com pregas longitudinais e o epitélio é do tipo estratificado pavimentoso. O esôfago apresenta o mesmo tipo de epitélio da cavidade bucofaríngea, destacando-se a predominância de células mucosas que tiveram forte reação aos métodos utilizados. O estômago foi diferenciado em região cárdica, fúndica e pilórica. A mucosa é continuamente revestida por um epitélio simples cilíndrico que apresentou reação positiva ao AB e PAS somente na superfície apical das células; a lâmina própria possui glândulas tubulares que se ramificam gradativamente e consistem de um tipo celular denominado oxinticopépticas, relacionadas com a síntese de ácido clorídrico e pepsinogênio. O intestino apresenta vilosidades revestidas por um epitélio simples cilíndrico com planura estriada e células caliciformes. Na camada submucosa do duodeno foi observada a abertura do colédoco, sendo o epitélio do tipo simples cilíndrico sem células caliciformes, positivo tanto ao PAS quanto ao AB. O ambiente eutrófico do reservatório de Funil não parece influenciar os padrões morfológicos das estruturas (esôfago, estômago e intestino) e não foram observadas modificações nas atividades das células mucosas.
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The only breeding record of Spartonoica maluroides (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) for Brazil is based on the observation of a fledgling in southern Rio Grande do Sul in January 1976. On 7 December 2005 we discovered a nest containing three nestlings at the southeastern end of Lagoa Pequena, municipality of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. The nest was concealed at the base of a cavity in a Spartina densiflora (Poaceae) tussock located at the edge of a saltmarsh. The nest was built of fine pieces of dead Scirpus olneyi (Cyperaceae) and S. densiflora leaves firmly interlaced to the internal leaves of the tussock. Live leaves of S. densiflora lining the cavity comprised a substantial part of the nest's architecture, forming most of its upper lateral walls and roof. The lower section was more elaborate, resembling a deep cup and forming a distinct incubation chamber. Adults reached the nest's interior through an irregular apical opening amidst the leaves. The nest was 244 mm high and 140 mm wide. The incubation chamber had an external diameter of 138.5 mm, an internal diameter of 79.4 mm and was 86 mm deep. It was lined with fine leaves and white plant fibers. Nestlings were five to six days old. A total of 107 neossoptiles restricted to the capital, spinal and alar tracts were recorded in one nestling. The distribution of neossoptiles in the ocular region of S. maluroides forms a distinct pattern which can be typical of Furnariidae and related families. Two adults attended the nest, bringing small insects to the nestlings and removing fecal sacs. We recorded at least 74 visits to the nest during a ca. 6 h period during an afternoon. The average number of visits per hour was 12.8 ± 1.3. An adult bird spent on average 0.7 ± 0.56 minutes inside the nest attending nestlings. The nest remained unattended on average for 3.61 ± 3.13 minutes. The hour of the day had no influence on the amount of time spent by an adult in the nest or away from it. We returned to the area on 15 December 2005 and found the nest abandoned. Observations confirm that S. maluroides is a resident breeder in southern Brazil and that the saltmarshes of the Lagoa do Patos estuary are an important year-round habitat for the species. A nestling and the nest were collected to document the record.
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Portanus Ball, 1932 comprises 45 species that occur in Brazil, including Portanus felixi sp. nov. described and illustrated herein. The genus is close to Paraportanus Carvalho & Cavichioli, 2009 and can be distinguished from it by having a transversal groove on the basal third of the subgenital plates. The new species can be distinguished from the other species of the genus by the characters of male genitalia, especially by the pygofer with the apical process pointed, sclerotized and dorso-ventrally directed; and by the aedeagus with apodeme on the basal third.
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ABSTRACT We described a new species of spider, Alpaida clarindoi sp. nov. (Araneidae), from the southwestern Amazon forest. The new species is distinguished from most Alpaida by the presence of a pair of shoulders spines. Females can be separated from similar species by the subquadrangular shape of the epigynum, and males by the shape of the terminal apophysis and the tegulum, which possess an apical pointed tip. Alpaida clarindoi sp. nov. is described based on both sexes.
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The A. and his co-workers captured in trips in the hinterland of Brazil more tham 17.000 flebotomi from which 35 are new ones, 11 discribed by, him in previous papers. The A. found these insects in groups of species living in different habitats, some ones of them not yet known: ondoors, or outdoors attracted by light or animal baits, without Shannons trap, in great or small caves, in the jungle in trees holes, holes in stones, holes in the soil habited by animals like armadillos, pacas (Aguti paca), wild rats, cururú toad (Bufo sp.). He observed the life history of 13 species: Flebotomus longipalpis Lutz& Neiva, 1912, Flebotomus intermedius Lutz & Neiva, 1912, Flebotomus avellari Costa Lima, 1932, Flebotomus aragãoi costa Lima, 1932, Flebotomus lutzianus Costa Lima, 1932, Flebotomus limai fonseca, 1935, Flebotomus rickardi Costa Lima, 1936, Flebotomus dasipodogeton Castro, 1939, Flebotomus oswaldoi n. sp., Flebotomus villelai n. sp., Flebotomus triacanthus n. sp., Flebotomus longispinus n. sp. And flebotomus travassosi n. sp. He describes the male of 24 n. sp., explaining the differential diagnose of group or nearly allied species. He inclued F. rooti n. sp. And F. hirsutus n. sp. In the sub-genus Shannonomyia. The first one, very allied to F. davisi Root is different from it, for presenting in the dorsal side of the abdomen bristles and not scales and to have the median claspers longer than his inner appendage and F. hirsutus quite different from the others which show 3 spines on distal segment of the upper clasper and for being the only one who presents the bristles of inner appendage of median clasper longer than it. Only the females of F. amazonensis Root and f. chagasi Costa Lima, are known and then it is possible that they belong to one of the species of this sub-genus from whom only the male have been described. F. choti Floch & Abonnenc, captured also at Pará, F. triacanthus n. sp. F. trispinosus n. sp. And F. equatorialis n. sp. Are very related and to this group the A. proposes the same of Pressatia as sub-genus in honor to whom demonstrated the medical importance of the flebotomi, considering F. triacanthus as the type specie of this sub-genus. In this sub-genus the V papal joint is very long, longer than III + IV, the antennae with geniculated spines without posterior outgrowth. At the genitalia the basal segment of the upper clasper presents two types of bristles ou the inner face, arranged in tuft; the distal segment with 3 spines and 2 thin bristles something difficult to see one of them situated near the apical spine and the other on the base of tubercle where the median spine is articulated; the median clasper is unarmed and compressed; the inferior clasper is also unarmed and longer than de basal segment of the upper clasper; the pompeta is longer than the basal segment of the upper clasper. Following it is presented a key for the determination of the males of the four species of this sub-genus. F. micropygus n. sp., F. minasensis n. sp. e F. dandrophylus n. sp., f. shannoni, F. monticolus, F. pestanai, F. lanei and F. cayenensis constitute a group with many similars characters. F. micropygus is the only American species who present α smaller than β and for that reason and others is allied to. F. minuts and others related species, but presents two terminal spines on the distal segment of the upper clasper. F. micropygus and f. minasensis are quite different because they have very small genitalia, smaller than their heads. F. dendrophylus presents on the median clasper a naked area near the apex and for this and others characters is different from the others of the group. F. flaviscutellatus n. sp., F. oliverioi, F. intermedius and whithmani, are very allied but the first one can be very easily distinguished because its scutellum is light. Flebotomus barrettoi n. sp., F. coutinhoi n. sp., F. aragãoi, F. brasiliensis, F. lutzianus, F. texanus, F. pascalei, F. atroclavatus and F. tejeraae are very allied forming a natural group. The two last ones are not well known but the A. A. who have studied them described very long clipeus so long as the head and for that reason can be distinguished from all the others included the two new ones. F. coutinhoi is the only one who presents the apecis of the penis filaments twisted. F. barrettoi n. sp., can be distinguished from aragãoi, texamus and coutinhoi by the length of the penis filaments and from atrocavatus, tejeraae, lutzianus and brasiliensis by the arrangement of the spines of distal segment of the upper clasper. Flebotomus ubiquitalis n. sp., F. auraensis n. sp., F. affinis and F. microps e F. antunesi have many common characters. F. microps n. sp., can be distinguished from any one by the size of the eyes and the presence od well developed genae. This species and other new species are different from F. antunesi by the arrangement of the spines of the distal segment of the upper clasper of the latter. F. ubiquitalis n. sp. can be distinguished from others by the figure of the median clasper. F. auraensis n. sp. Can be distinguished from F. affinis n. sp. By the tuft hairs on the inner face of the basal segment and by arrangement of the spines of the sital segment of the upper clasper. Flebotomus brachipygus n. sp. Seemed to be F. rostrans, specie not well known, by the characters of the genitalia but can not be identified to her by the clypeus size and the palpis characters. Flebotomus costalimai, n. sp., f. tupynambai n. sp., and f. castroi Barreto & Coutinho, 1941, are very allied species and the A. proposes to included them the new sub-genus Castromyia, in honor to Dr. G. M. de Oliveira Castro, appointing like typespecies F. castroi with the V joint longer than III + IV; antennae with geniculated spines without posterior prolongation. Genitalia: the basal segment of the upper clasper with a tuft of hairs and the distal segment with 4 spines, one of them at the apex and near it a thin and straight bristle difficult to see; the median clasper with one spinous hair isolated...