Comparative Analysis of Adolescent Pregnancy in Central America, Mexico and South Carolina

This paper addresses the issue of adolescent pregnancy in Mexico, Central America and South Carolina and implications for social work practice with immigrant communities. The paper is based on current literature and on cross-national, on-line survey of local and international pregnancy prevention programs. The paper analyzes and discusses various psychosocial causes of pregnancy in adolescents, including: limited opportunities for formal education, infrequent open discussions about sexual health, rising costs of adequate birth control, and difficulty in obtaining contraceptives in remote locations. This research paper analyzes current statistics on the effectiveness of existing projects and programs and compares and contrasts research about the validity and efficacy of these programs in both South Carolina and abroad. Finally, the paper addresses implications for social work practice with adolescents in immigrant communities.

Relacionamentos com clientes no mercado de serviços : um estudo exploratório em sociedades de advogados

O marketing tem sido técnica valiosa ao gestor na atualidade. As sociedades de advogados desenvolvem um ambiente propício ao relacionamento com clientes devido os serviços jurídicos geralmente serem de conclusão não imediata. Em um cenário de grande competição a retenção de clientes pode significar uma habilidade fundamental para a sobrevivência. Os relacionamentos contínuos estão associados a visão de longo prazo do negócio. Os estudiosos da área de marketing apontam para produtos ou serviços as melhores estratégias de gestão, porém algumas devem ser fundamentais às sociedades de advogados. O foco deste trabalho foi exatamente verificar a conexão entre o relacionamento e a sua gestão, através de um estudo exploratório, com o análise de casos, onde pesquisadas sociedades de advogados e seus clientes. No final, o pesquisador concluiu sobre os benefícios recíprocos de uma estratégia de relacionamento.

Um sistema de valores de troca para suporte às interações em sociedades artificiais

Este trabalho propõe a definição de um Sistema de Valores de Troca para modelar as trocas sociais entre agentes em sociedade artificiais. Esse sistema é baseado na Teoria das Trocas de Valores de Jean Piaget e é composto por uma algebrá de valores de troca, que indica como esses valores devem ser representados e manipulados, por um mecanismo de raciocínio social baseado em vaores de troca e por estruturas capazes de armazenar e manipular tais valores. Nesse sistema, os valores de troca são vistos tanto como elementos motivadores das interações quanto como elementos reguladores responsáveis pelo equilíbrio e continuidade das trocas sociais. Acredita-se que o istema proposto é capaz de melhorar a modelagem das interações. É mostrado, também, como o sistema de valores proposto pode ser integrado com modelos de interação existentes na literatura de sistemas multiagente; Para isso, foram escolhidos dosi modelos práticos de organização dinâmica - o Redes de Contrato e o Modelo de Coalizões Baseadas em Dependências. Para demonstrar comomo o sistema de valores pode ser aplicado na modelagem e na simuulação de situações reais, é descrito um cenário para experimentação, no qual o sistema proposto é utilizado para modelar, de forma simplificada, o processo de lobby atrtavés de contribuições para campanhas políticas. Com este cenário pretende-se observar, além da dinâmica dos valores de troca, a capacidade do sistema em modelar caraterísticas mais subjetivas das interações (normalmente observadas nas relações humanas), e, ao tempo tempo, prover elementos reguladores, instrurmentos para a continuidade das interações e trocas sociais.

Consumption smoothing in Latin America: an empirical assessment of present value models

The study aims to assess the empirical adherence of the permanent income theory and the consumption smoothing view in Latin America. Two present value models are considered, one describing household behavior and the other open economy macroeconomics. Following the methodology developed in Campbell and Schiller (1987), Bivariate Vector Autoregressions are estimated for the saving ratio and the real growth rate of income concerning the household behavior model and for the current account and the change in national cash ‡ow regarding the open economy model. The countries in the sample are considered separately in the estimation process (individual system estimation) as well as jointly (joint system estimation). Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Seemingly Unrelated Regressions (SURE) estimates of the coe¢cients are generated. Wald Tests are then conducted to verify if the VAR coe¢cient estimates are in conformity with those predicted by the theory. While the empirical results are sensitive to the estimation method and discount factors used, there is only weak evidence in favor of the permanent income theory and consumption smoothing view in the group of countries analyzed.

Past and future of the bankruptcy law in Brazil and Latin America

This paper studies the Bankruptcy Law in Latin America, focusing on the Brazilian reform. We start with a review of the international literature and its evolution on this subject. Next, we examine the economic incentives associated with several aspects of bankruptcy laws and insolvency procedures in general, as well as the trade-offs involved. After this theoretical discussion, we evaluate empirically the current stage of the quality of insolvency procedures in Latin America using data from Doing Business and World Development Indicators, both from World Bank and International Financial Statistics from IMF. We find that the region is governed by an inefficient law, even when compared with regions of lower per capita income. As theoretical and econometric models predict, this inefficiency has severe consequences for credit markets and the cost of capital. Next, we focus on the recent Brazilian bankruptcy reform, analyzing its main changes and possible effects over the economic environment. The appendix describes difficulties of this process of reform in Brazil, and what other Latin American countries can possibly learn from it.

The evolution of TFP in Latin America

Due to widespread government intervention and import-substitution industrialization, there has been a general perception that Latin America has always been less productive than the leading economies. In this paper, however, we show that until the mid-seventies Latin America had high productivity levels relative to the US and other regions. Moreover, total factor productivity in Latin America increased relative to the US during this period, declining only in the subsequent years.

Housing development in Latin America and the Caribean, its measuring and its determinants

This text briejly describes the Housing Development lndex (HDI). Following a concise introduction on the reasons for this research, HDI's methodology, characteristics, properties and databases supporting its calculation are discussed. Next, the third part presents, analyzes and compares the HDI's figures for Brazil and some other Latin American countries. The part that follows shows HDI figures for all states in Brazil and points out the regional differences and the indicator 's recent growth. Then, this paper analyses the injluence of some social and economic variables on the HDI and, finally, it makes some considerations on HDI.

After structuralism, a development alternative for Latin America

The paper, first, summarizes Latin American structuralism, and offers reasons why it was so influential and durable in the region, as it attended to real demands, and was part of 1950s’mainstream economics. Second, says why, with 1980s’Great Crisis, structuralism eventually ended itself into crisis, as it was unable to keep pace with historical new facts, particularly with the industrial revolution or takeoff, that made Latin American economies intermediary, still developing, but fully capitalist. Third, it lists the consensus that today exists on economic development. Forth, opposes “official orthodoxy” to “developmental populism”, the former deriving from neoclassical economics, the later from structuralism, and offers, in relation to six strategic issues, a progressive development alternative.