Detailed measurements of radium inside a nodule of Albatross 1899-1900 - for Stations 13, 173 and 4658

Thanks to the courtesy of the British Museum of Natural History the author obtained from their Challenger collections two small nodules, and through a similar courtesy of the Mineralogical Department of the Riksmuseum in Stockholm one half of a much larger nodule, also from the Challenger Expedition. Results from his initial measurements of the radium contents of these samples convinced the author that the radium in the nodules is accumulated from the surrounding sediment. In the present paper the author conducted a much more thorough investigation on nodules obtained during the U.S. Albatross cruises of Dr. Agassiz. Detailed measurements of radium were conducted on individual layers and spots inside each nodule.

ERA-CLIM Historical Upper-Air Data 1900-1972

Historical, i.e. pre-1957, upper-air data are a valuable source of information on the state of the atmosphere, in some parts of the World back to the early 20th century. However, to date reanalyses have only partially made use of these data, and only of observations made after 1948. Even for the period between 1948 (the starting year of the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis) and the International Geophysical Year in 1957 (the starting year of the ERA-40 reanalysis), when the global upper-air coverage reached more or less its current status, many observations have not been digitised until now. The Comprehensive Historical Upper-Air Network (CHUAN) already compiled a large collection of pre-1957 upper-air data. In the framework of the European project ERA-CLIM, significant amounts of additional upper-air data have been catalogued (> 1.3 mio station days), imaged (> 200,000 images) and digitised (> 700,000 station days) in order to prepare a new input dataset for upcoming reanalyses. The records cover large parts of the globe, focussing on so far less well covered regions such as the Tropics, the polar regions and the Oceans, and on very early upper-air data from Europe and the US. The total number of digitised/inventoried records is 61/101 for moving upper-air data, i.e. data from ships etc., and 735/1,783 for fixed upper-air stations. Here, we give a detailed description of the resulting dataset including the metadata and the quality checking procedures applied. The data will be included in the next version of CHUAN.

Antecedentes normativos específicos del coordinador de seguridad y salud en España. 1ª etapa 1900-1939

Realmente la figura del coordinador de seguridad y salud, con tal nombre y apellidos, debe aparecer por primera vez en España el día veinticinco de diciembre de 1997, debido a la entrada en vigor del RD 1627/1997,por el que se establecen disposiciones mínimas de seguridad y salud en obras de CONSTRUCCION. (boe nº 256 25/10/1997). Dicho Real Decreto proviene de la transposición a la Normativa española de la directiva europea específica en el sector de prevención en la construcción, Directiva 92/57/CEE del Consejo de 24.06.1992 relativa a las disposiciones mínimas de seguridad y de salud que deben aplicarse en las obras de construcción temporales o móviles (8ª específica). ¿Pero esta figura descrita existía con anterioridad de una u otra manera?. Para su contestación, se debe recurrir a un estudio pormenorizado de todas las figuras preventivas o paliativas que han rondado por los trabajos de construcción y afines, lo que conlleva a su vez un intenso estudio referente a las distintas épocas acaecidas en el siglo XX en nuestro país, con sus normativas de referencia, tipología de trabajos, diferentes actividades con diferentes políticas y dirigentes. Con el presente estudio, se pretenden definir los previos normativos (específicos preventivos en construcción) existentes durante el periodo comprendido entre 1900 y 1939, y definir si dentro del mismo podemos obtener un antecedente Normativo específico referente a la figura estudiada.