Efeitos de dejeto de suínos na incidência de plantas daninhas e na eficiência do herbicida metribuzin na cultura da batata-doce

O experimento foi realizado em condições de campo, na Fazenda Experimental da EPAMIG, em Ponte Nova-MG, no período de janeiro a julho de 1995, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de doses de dejeto de suínos na forma líquida, sobre a produção de batata-doce, cultivar Paulista, na incidência de plantas daninhas e na eficiência de controle de espécies de plantas daninhas pelo metribuzin. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos ao acaso, no esquema fatorial, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados os efeitos das doses 0, 20, 40 e 60 m3 ha-1 de dejeto de suínos combinadas com 0, 300, 600 e 900 g ha-1 de metribuzin. Houve incremento linear de biomassa fresca das plantas daninhas de folhas largas, plantas de folhas estreitas e total de plantas daninhas em função do aumento das doses dejeto de suínos. O metribuzin foi seletivo para a cultura de batata-doce, não sendo observado nenhum sintoma visível de fitotoxicidade à cultura e eficiente no controle das principais plantas daninhas presentes na área. A produção máxima de raízes comerciais (22,94 t ha-1) foi obtida com o metribuzin na dose 810,17 g ha-1. Isto representou cerca de 89% superior ao peso obtido pela testemunha sem tratos culturais. Esta produtividade foi semelhante àquela observada nos tratamentos que receberam três cultivos. As plantas daninhas interferiram negativamente nas principais características avaliadas de produção da batata-doce. A cultura da batata-doce respondeu positivamente a adubação com dejeto líquido de suínos, com aumento linear da produção de raízes das classes extra A, comercial e total. Verificou-se também que houve correlação negativa entre plantas daninhas e as principais características de produção da cultura de batata-doce.

Efeitos de dejeto de suínos na forma líquida e de composto orgânico na atividade do metribuzin

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a atividade do metribuzin em função da adição de doses de dejeto de suínos na forma líquida e de composto orgânico. Foram conduzidos dez experimentos utilizando delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, em condições de casa-de-vegetação do Departamento de Fitotecnia da UFV. Foram avaliados cinco substratos: areia lavada, solo Podzólico Vermelho-Amarelo argilo arenoso, da região de Ponte Nova-MG misturado com doses correspondentes a 0, 20, 40 e 60 m3 ha-1 de dejeto líquido e 0, 30, 60 e 90 t ha-1 de composto orgânico associados a 10 doses de metribuzin. A aplicação do metribuzin foi feita com pulverizador costal pressurizado a CO2, após a semeadura de cinco sementes/vaso da planta indicadora (Cucumis sativus L.) híbrido caipira AG.221. A irrigação dos vasos foi realizada, três vezes ao dia, por meio de simulador de chuvas, mantendo-se a umidade dos substratos em aproximadamente 80% da capacidade de campo. Aos 14 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos foi realizada a colheita dos experimentos, seguida pela determinação da biomassa fresca da parte aérea da planta indicadora. As concentrações dos herbicidas, que resultaram em 50% de inibição do crescimento da planta teste (I50), foram calculadas a partir de equações ajustadas por meio de análise de regressão. A adsorção do metribuzin aumentou linearmente com adição de dejeto líquido ou composto orgânico ao solo, sendo que a maior adsorção ocorreu com a adição do composto orgânico. Para a maior dose de dejeto líquido (60 m3 ha-1), a relação de adsorção foi 4,79 e o aumento na adsorção em relação ao solo foi 28,01%. Entretanto, com a adição da maior dose do composto orgânico (90 t ha-1), a relação de adsorção foi 6,63 e o aumento na adsorção 32,51%.

Comparison of sustainability of technologies for water desalination

The aim of this work is to perform an in-depth overview on the sustainability of several major commercialized technologies for water desalination and to identify the challenges and propose suggestions for the development of water desalination technologies. The overview of those technologies mainly focuses on the sustainability from the viewpoint of total capital investment, total product cost, energy consumption and global warming index. Additionally, a systematic sustainability assessment methodology has been introduced to validate the assessment process. Conclusions are:1) Reverse osmosis desalination (RO) plants are better than multi-stage flash distillation (MSF) desalination plants and multiple-effect distillation (MED) desalination plants from the viewpoint of energy consumption, global warming index and total production cost; 2)Though energy intensive, MSF plants and MED plants secure their advantages over RO plants by lower total capital investment, wider applicability and purer water desalted and they are still likely to flourish in energy-rich area;3) Water production stage and wastewater disposal stage are the two stages during which most pollutant gases are emitted. The water production stage alone contributes approximately 80~90% of the total pollutant gases emission during its life cycle; 4)The total capital cost per m3 desalted water decreases remarkably with the increasing of plant capacity. The differences between the capital cost per m3 desalted water of RO and other desalination plants will decrease as the capacity increases; 5) It is found that utilities costs serve as the major part of the total product cost, and they account for 91.16%, 85.55% and 71.26% of the total product cost for MSF, MED and RO plants, respectively; 6) The absolute superiority of given technology depends on the actual social-economic situation (energy prices, social policies, technology advancements).

Container logistic innovations in forest-energy sector: Markets, future service concepts and technical improvements

The report presents the results of the commercialization project called the Container logistic services for forest bioenergy. The project promotes new business that is emerging around overall container logistic services in the bioenergy sector. The results assess the European markets of the container logistics for biomass, enablers for new business creation and required service bundles for the concept. We also demonstrate the customer value of the container logistic services for different market segments. The concept analysis is based on concept mapping, quality function deployment process (QFD) and business network analysis. The business network analysis assesses key shareholders and their mutual connections. The performance of the roadside chipping chain is analysed by the logistic cost simulation, RFID system demonstration and freezing tests. The EU has set the renewable energy target to 20 % in 2020 of which Biomass could account for two-thirds. In the Europe, the production of wood fuels was 132.9 million solid-m3 in 2012 and production of wood chips and particles was 69.0 million solidm3. The wood-based chips and particle flows are suitable for container transportation providing market of 180.6 million loose- m3 which mean 4.5 million container loads per year. The intermodal logistics of trucks and trains are promising for the composite containers because the biomass does not freeze onto the inner surfaces in the unloading situations. The overall service concept includes several packages: container rental, container maintenance, terminal services, RFID-tracking service, and simulation and ERP-integration service. The container rental and maintenance would provide transportation entrepreneurs a way to increase the capacity without high investment costs. The RFID-concept would lead to better work planning improving profitability throughout the logistic chain and simulation supports fuel supply optimization.

Influence of reactant absorption and dissolution in heterogeneous precipitation processes

In this research work, the aim was to investigate the volumetric mass transfer coefficient [kLa] of oxygen in stirred tank in the presence of solid particle experimentally. The kLa correlations as a function of propeller rotation speed and flow rate of gas feed were studied. The O2 and CO2 absorption in water and in solid-liquid suspensions and heterogeneous precipitation of MgCO3 were thoroughly examined. The absorption experiments of oxygen were conducted in various systems like pure water and in aqueous suspensions of quartz and calcium carbonate particles. Secondly, the precipitation kinetics of magnesium carbonate was also investigated. The experiments were performed to study the reactive crystallization with magnesium hydroxide slurry and carbon dioxide gas by varying the feed rates of carbon dioxide and rotation speeds of mixer. The results of absorption and precipitation are evaluated by titration, total carbon (TC analysis), and ionic chromatrography (IC). For calcium carbonate, the particle concentration was varied from 17.4 g to 2382 g with two size fractions: 5 µm and 45-63 µm sieves. The kLa and P/V values of 17.4 g CaCO3 with particle size of 5µm and 45-63 µm were 0.016 s-1 and 2400 W/m3. At 69.9 g concentration of CaCO3, the achieved kLa is 0.014 s-1 with particle size of 5 µm and 0.017 s-1 with particle size of 45 to 63 µm. Further increase in concentration of calcium carbonate, i.e. 870g and 2382g , does not affect volumetric mass transfer coeffienct of oxygen. It could be concluded from absorption results that maximum value of kLa is 0.016 s-1. Also particle size and concentration does affect the transfer rate to some extend. For precipitation experiments, the constant concentration of Mg(OH)2 was 100 g and the rotation speed varied from 560 to 750 rpm, whereas the used feed rates of CO2 were 1 and 9 L/min. At 560 rpm and feed rate of CO2 is 1 L/min, the maximum value of Mg ion and TC were 0.25 mol/litre and 0.12 mol/litre with the residence time of 40 min. When flow rate of CO2 increased to 9 L/min with same 560 rpm, the achieved value of Mg and TC were 0.3 mol/litre and 0.12 mol/L with shorter residence time of 30 min. It is concluded that feed rate of CO2 is dominant in precipitation experiments and it has a key role in dissociation and reaction of magnesium hydroxide in precipitation of magnesium carbonate.

Induction of mutations for earliness in the soybean cultivar Paraná

Mutation induction breeding through gamma ray seed treatment (22 krad) was used to obtain earliness in the soybean cultivar Paraná. Plants flowering earlier than Paraná were selected at the M3 generation. Eight mutant lines were isolated by further selections through several generations and tested in four yield trials carried out in 85/86 (Piracicaba) and 86/87 (Piracicaba, Sertãozinho and Assis) in São Paulo State. The following data were taken in these trials: number of days to flowering, yield, total plant height and height to pod insertion, flower color, pod pubescence and seed and plant growth type. Two of the mutants are of agronomic interest because they were, on average, seven to 10 days earlier in maturity than the control in all trials. Except for shorter plant height, the other agronomic characteristics remained unaltered.

Effect of all-trans retinoic acid on newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia patients: results of a Brazilian center

Thirty-seven patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) were treated with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Patients received 45 mg m-2 day-1 po of ATRA until complete remission (CR) was achieved, defined as: a) presence of less than 5% blasts in the bone marrow, with b) white blood cells >103/mm3, c) platelets >105/mm3 and d) hemoglobin concentration >8 g/dl, with no blood or platelet transfusions. Thirty-one (83.7%) patients achieved CR by day 50, and 75% of these before day 30. Correction of the coagulopathy, achieved between days 2 and 10 (mean, 3 days), was the first evidence of response to treatment. Only one patient had been previously treated with chemotherapy and three had the microgranular variant M3 form. Dryness of skin and mucosae was the most common side effect observed in 82% of the patients. Thrombosis, hepatotoxicity and retinoid acid syndrome (RAS) were observed in 7 (19%), 6 (16%) and 4 (11%) patients, respectively. Thirteen (35%) patients had to be submitted to chemotherapy due to hyperleukocytosis (above 40 x 103/mm3) and six of these presented with new signs of coagulopathy after chemotherapy. Four (11%) patients died secondarily to intracerebral hemorrhage (IH) and two (5.4%) dropped out of the protocol due to severe ATRA side effects (one RAS and one hepatotoxicity). RAS and IH were related strictly to hyperleukocytosis. The reduced use of platelets and fresh frozen plasma probably lowered the total cost of treatment. We conclude that ATRA is an effective agent for inducing complete remission in APL patients.

Probable effect of photoperiod on seasonal variation in the nuclear volume of the adrenal cortex of viscacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus)

The neuroendocrine system regulates several organic functions such as reproduction, metabolism and adaptation to the environment. This system shows seasonal changes linked to the environment. The experimental model used in the present study was Lagostomus maximus maximus (viscacha). The reproduction of males of this species is photoperiod dependent. Twenty-four adult male viscachas were captured in their habitat at different times during one year. The adrenal glands were processed for light microscopy. Serial cuts were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for the morphometric study, and 100 nuclei of each zone of the adrenal cortex were counted per animal. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and the Tukey test. The cells of the glomerulosa zone are arranged in a tube-shaped structure. The fasciculata zone has large cells with central nuclei and clearly visible nucleoli and with a vacuolar cytoplasm. In the reticularis zone there are two of types of cells, one with a nucleus of fine chromatin and a clearly visible nucleolus and the other with nuclear pycnosis. Morphometric analysis showed maximum nuclear volumes during the February-March period with values of 133 ± 7.3 µm3 for the glomerulosa, 286.4 ± 14.72 µm3 for the fasciculata, and 126.3 ± 9.49 µm3 for the reticularis. Minimum nuclear volumes were observed in August with values of 88.24 ± 9.9 µm3 for the glomerulosa, 163.7 ± 7.78 µm3 for the fasciculata and 64.58 ± 4.53 µm3 for the reticularis. The short winter photoperiod to which viscacha is subjected could inhibit the adrenal cortex through a melatonin increase which reduces the nuclear volume as well as the cellular activity.

Kaukolämpöakun kannattavuus yhdistetyssä sähkön- ja lämmöntuotannossa

Diplomityön tavoitteena oli tutkia Etelä-Savon Energialle soveltuvan kaukolämpöakun käyttömahdollisuuksia, optimaalista kokoa, sopivinta prosessikytkentää ja investoinnin kannattavuutta. Teoriaosassa käsitellään kirjallisuuden perusteella lämmönvarastoinnin teoriaa sekä investoinninkannattavuuslaskentaa. Soveltavassa osassa määritetään testivuoden sekä lyhytaikaissimuloinnin avulla yritykselle parhaiten sopiva akun tilavuus, kytkentä sekä investoinnin kannattavuus. Teorian ja kannattavuuslaskennan perusteella parhaaksi vaihtoehdoksi valittiin paineistamaton kaukolämpöakku, jonka vesitilavuus on 7 000 m3 ja lataus- ja purkuteho 30 MW. Investoinnin sisäiseksi korkokannaksi saatiin 19,6 %. Investointilaskennan ja herkkyystarkastelun perusteella kaukolämpöakku on kannattava.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia: the study of t(15;17) translocation by fluorescent in situ hybridization, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and cytogenetic techniques

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (AML M3) is a well-defined subtype of leukemia with specific and peculiar characteristics. Immediate identification of t(15;17) or the PML/RARA gene rearrangement is fundamental for treatment. The objective of the present study was to compare fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and karyotyping in 18 samples (12 at diagnosis and 6 after treatment) from 13 AML M3 patients. Bone marrow samples were submitted to karyotype G-banding, FISH and RT-PCR. At diagnosis, cytogenetics was successful in 10 of 12 samples, 8 with t(15;17) and 2 without. FISH was positive in 11/12 cases (one had no cells for analysis) and positivity varied from 25 to 93% (mean: 56%). RT-PCR was done in 6/12 cases and all were positive. Four of 8 patients with t(15;17) presented positive RT-PCR as well as 2 without metaphases. The lack of RT-PCR results in the other samples was due to poor quality RNA. When the three tests were compared at diagnosis, karyotyping presented the translocation in 80% of the tested samples while FISH and RT-PCR showed the PML/RARA rearrangement in 100% of them. Of 6 samples evaluated after treatment, 3 showed a normal karyotype, 1 persistence of an abnormal clone and 2 no metaphases. FISH was negative in 4 samples studied and 2 had no material for analysis. RT-PCR was positive in 4 (2 of which showed negative FISH, indicating residual disease) and negative in 2. When the three tests were compared after treatment, they showed concordance in 2 of 6 samples or, when there were not enough cells for all tests, concordance between karyotype and RT-PCR in one. At remission, RT-PCR was the most sensitive test in detecting residual disease, as expected (positive in 4/6 samples). An incidence of about 40% of 5' breaks and 60% of 3' breaks, i.e., bcr3 and bcr1/bcr2, respectively, was observed.

Acute leukemias in Piauí: comparison with features observed in other regions of Brazil

Differences in age and sex distribution as well as FAB (French-American-British classification) types have been reported for acute leukemias in several countries. We studied the demographics and response to treatment of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) between 1989 and 2000 in Teresina, Piauí, and compared these results with reports from Brazil and other countries. Complete data concerning 345 patients (230 ALL, 115 AML) were reviewed. AML occurred predominantly in adults (77%), with a median age of 34 years, similar to that found in the southeast of Brazil but lower than the median age in the United States and Europe (52 years). FAB distribution was similar in children and adults and FAB-M2 was the most common type, as also found in Japan. The high frequency of FAB-M3 described in most Brazilian studies and for Hispanics in the United States was not observed. Overall survival for adults was 40%, similar to other studies in Brazil. A high mortality rate was observed during induction. No clinical or hematological parameter influenced survival in the Cox model. ALL presented the characteristic peak of incidence between 2-8 years. Most of the cases were CD10+ pre-B ALL. In 25%, abnormal expression of myeloid antigens was observed. Only 10% of the patients were older than 30 years. Overall survival was better for children. Age and leukocyte count were independent prognostic factors. These data demonstrate that, although there are regional peculiarities, the application of standardized treatments and good supportive care make it possible to achieve results observed in other countries for the same chemotherapy protocols.

Lapväärtinjoen alaosan väylien kunnostushankkeen loppuraportti : Vedenlaadun, sedimentin, kasvillisuuden ja pohjaeläimistön velvoitetarkkailutulokset vuosina 2011 – 2014

Kristiinankaupungin kaupunki sai ympäristölupaviraston luvan Lapväärtinjoen alaosan kunnostukseen väyliä ruoppaamalla. Ruop-paukset aloitettiin talvella 2011–2012 ja niitä jatkettiin seuraavana talvena. Ensimmäisenä talvena ruopattiin noin 18 100 m3 ja toisena 25 200 m3. Lupapäätöksessä luvanhaltija määrättiin tarkkailemaan hankkeen vaikutuksia veden laatuun, suojeltuihin Natura 2000 – luonnonarvoihin, kalakantoihin, kalojen kutualueisiin ja kalastukseen valvovien viranomaisten hyväksymällä tavalla. Tässä loppurapor-tissa esitetään kaikki vedenlaatu-, sedimentaatio- ja pohjaeläintarkkailujen tulokset ja lisäksi kasvillisuuskartoitusten tulokset vuosilta 2011 ja 2014. Vesistötyöt heikensivät vedenlaatua selvästi samentamalla vettä ja aiheuttamalla kiintoaine-, fosfori- ja metallipitoisuuksien kasvun talvina 2011–2012 ja 2012–2013. Merialueelle vesistötöiden vaikutus ulottui voimakkaimmin samentumisen ja kiintoainepitoisuuden kasvuna. Vaikka suurimmat sameusarvot ja kiintoainepitoisuudet havaittiin työkoneen lähistöltä, vesi oli myös uloimmilla merinäytteen-ottopaikoilla usein selvästi sameampaa ja kiintoainepitoisempaa kuin joessa työalueen yläpuolella. Ruopattavien massojen kalkitustarve ja biologisesti myrkyllisten aineiden pitoisuudet selvitettiin ennen ruoppaustöitä. Vesistötöistä veteen vapautuneen ja pohjalle laskeutuneen kiintoaineen määrää seurattiin Lapväärtinjoen edustan merialueelle sijoitetuilla sedimen-taatioputkilla. Natura 2000 – suojelualueen kasvillisuuden mosaiikkimaisuutta, määrää ja vyöhykkeisyyttä tarkkailtiin ennen ruoppaustöitä vuonna 2011 ja töiden jälkeen vuonna 2014 otetuista ilmakuvista. Lisäksi alueelle tehtiin maastokäyntejä. Ilmakuvaus uusitaan vielä vuonna 2016. Pohjaeläinnäytteitä otettiin ennen ruoppaustöitä vuonna 2011 ja töiden jälkeen vuonna 2014 samoilta paikoilta. Pohjaeläinten yksilöti-heydet vaihtelivat paljon vuosien välillä. Yksilötiheyksiin vaikuttavat ihmistoiminnan aiheuttaman ravinne- ja orgaanisen aineen kuormi-tuksen lisäksi monet tekijät kuten lajien välinen kilpailu, sopeutumiskyky muuttuviin olosuhteisiin, veden suolapitoisuus ja sääolot.

De initiis rei literariae in Svethia

Invokaatio: Q.B.V.

Effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride on β-arrestin-1 expression in lipopolysaccharide-induced human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells

β-arrestins are expressed proteins that were first described, and are well-known, as negative regulators of G protein-coupled receptor signaling. Penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) is a new anti-cholinergic drug that can inhibit biomembrane lipid peroxidation, and decrease cytokines and oxyradicals. However, to date, no reports on the effects of PHC on β-arrestin-1 in cells have been published. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of PHC on β-arrestin-1 expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMEC). Cultured HPMEC were pretreated with PHC, followed by LPS treatment. Muscarinic receptor mRNAs were assayed by real-time quantitative PCR. Cell viability was assayed by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) conversion test. The dose and time effects of PHC on β-arrestin-1 expression in LPS-induced HPMEC were determined by Western blot analysis. Cell malondialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured. It was found that the M3 receptor was the one most highly expressed, and was activated 5 min after LPS challenge. Furthermore, 2 μg/mL PHC significantly upregulated expression of β-arrestin-1 within 10 to 15 min. Compared with the control group, MDA levels in cells were remarkably increased and SOD activities were significantly decreased in LPS pretreated cells, while PHC markedly decreased MDA levels and increased SOD activities. We conclude that PHC attenuated ROS injury by upregulating β-arrestin-1 expression, thereby implicating a mechanism by which PHC may exert its protective effects against LPS-induced pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell injury.

De viris in Fennia peritia litterarum Graecarum claris 7

Arkit: 1 arkintunnukseton lehti, M3-M4 N4. - S. [2] tyhjä.