931 resultados para obligation to provide information
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Includes bibliography
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Global interest in sugarcane has increased significantly in recent years due to its economic impact on sustainable energy production. Sugarcane breeding and better agronomic practices have contributed to a huge increase in sugarcane yield in the last 30 years. Additional increases in sugarcane yield are expected to result from the use of biotechnology tools in the near future. Genetically modified (GM) sugarcane that incorporates genes to increase resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses could play a major role in achieving this goal. However, to bring GM sugarcane to the market, it is necessary to follow a regulatory process that will evaluate the environmental and health impacts of this crop. The regulatory review process is usually accomplished through a comparison of the biology and composition of the GM cultivar and a non-GM counterpart. This review intends to provide information on non-GM sugarcane biology, genetics, breeding, agronomic management, processing, products and byproducts, as well as the current technologies used to develop GM sugarcane, with the aim of assisting regulators in the decision-making process regarding the commercial release of GM sugarcane cultivars. © 2011 The Author(s).
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Background: Paradoxical cases of psoriatic lesions induced or exacerbated by anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α therapy have been reported more frequently in recent years, but data related to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are rare. A systematic literature review was performed to provide information about this adverse effect in patients with IBD who receive anti-TNF therapy. Methods: Published studies were identified by a search of Medline, Embase, Cochrane, SciELO, and LILACS databases. Results: A total of 47 studies (222 patients) fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were selected for analysis. Clinical and therapeutic aspects varied considerably among these reports. Of the 222 patients, 78.38% were diagnosed with Crohn's disease, and 48.20% were female. The mean patient age was 26.50. years, and 70.72% of patients had no history of psoriasis. Patients developed psoriasiform lesions (55.86%) more often than other types of psoriatic lesions, and infliximab was the anti-TNF-α therapy that caused the cutaneous reaction in most patients (69.37%). Complete remission of cutaneous lesions was observed in 63.96% of the cases. Conclusions: We found that psoriatic lesions occurred predominantly in adult patients with Crohn's disease who received infliximab and had no previous history of psoriasis. Most patients can be managed conservatively without discontinuing anti-TNF-α therapy. © 2012 European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation.
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Includes bibliography
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In the northwestern region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, the freshwater crab Dilocarcinus pagei Stimpson, 1861 is usually sold as bait for several fish species for sport fishing. Thus, knowledge of the reproductive biology of this species is essential to provide information for maintaining natural stocks and implementing future farming initiatives. The objective of this study was to investigate the population dynamics of the red freshwater crab D. pagei, focusing on reproductive and juvenile recruitment periods, sex ratio, and individual growth. Sampling was performed monthly from October 2005 to September 2007 in the Marimbondo-Fumas Hydroelectric Plant reservoir, Rio Grande, municipality of Icém in northwestern São Paulo state. The individuals were sexed, carapace widths were measured, and the gonads were examined macroscopically. In total, 1002 individuals were analyzed, consisting of 568 males and 434 females, of which 4 were ovigerous and 35 carried early juveniles in the incubatory chamber. The largest numbers of reproductive individuals of both sexes were recorded during the winter and spring months before spawning, which occurred in the spring. Intense juvenile recruitment and the highest rainfall levels were observed during the Southern Hemisphere summer. The results indicate that spawning can be considered seasonal, and the simultaneous emergence of juveniles with high rainfall levels is probably the result of the higher availability of food and potential sites for protection against predators. The skewed sex ratio (♂ 1:0.76 ♀) may be associated with growth rates, mortality, food restriction, behavioral differences, migration, and differential habitat use between the sexes. The similar maximum size (CW∞) and growth constant (k) for males (k = 1.78 y-1, CW = 61.43 mm) and females (k = 1.67 y-1, CW = 60.66 mm) may be associated with different energy investment strategies between the sexes. Additionally, a closed season is proposed for the species. © The Crustacean Society, 2013. Published by Brill NV, Leiden.
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Background: Transposable elements (TEs) have the potential to produce broad changes in the genomes of their hosts, acting as a type of evolutionary toolbox and generating a collection of new regulatory and coding sequences. Several TE classes have been studied in Neotropical cichlids; however, the information gained from these studies is restricted to the physical chromosome mapping, whereas the genetic diversity of the TEs remains unknown. Therefore, the genomic organization of the non-LTR retrotransposons Rex1, Rex3, and Rex6 in five Amazonian cichlid species was evaluated using physical chromosome mapping and DNA sequencing to provide information about the role of TEs in the evolution of cichlid genomes. Results: Physical mapping revealed abundant TE clusters dispersed throughout the chromosomes. Furthermore, several species showed conspicuous clusters accumulation in the centromeric and terminal portions of the chromosomes. These TE chromosomal sites are associated with both heterochromatic and euchromatic regions. A higher number of Rex1 clusters were observed among the derived species. The Rex1 and Rex3 nucleotide sequences were more conserved in the basal species than in the derived species; however, this pattern was not observed in Rex6. In addition, it was possible to observe conserved blocks corresponding to the reverse transcriptase fragment of the Rex1 and Rex3 clones and to the endonuclease of Rex6. Conclusion: Our data showed no congruence between the Bayesian trees generated for Rex1, Rex3 and Rex6 of cichlid species and phylogenetic hypothesis described for the group. Rex1 and Rex3 nucleotide sequences were more conserved in the basal species whereas Rex6 exhibited high substitution rates in both basal and derived species. The distribution of Rex elements in cichlid genomes suggests that such elements are under the action of evolutionary mechanisms that lead to their accumulation in particular chromosome regions, mostly in heterochromatins. © 2013 Schneider et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
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Polyols are widely used as sugar substitutes and provide texture to foods. Guar gum has many applications in food industry such as increasing product viscosity and improving texture. Knowledge of rheological properties of gum/polyol systems is important to permit replacing sugar while maintaining product texture. In this work, rheological properties of 0.1, 0.5 and 1 g/100 g guar solutions containing 10 and 40 g/100 g of maltitol, sorbitol, or xylitol were studied. The behavior of these mixtures was evaluated by steady and oscillatory shear measurements, and after a freezing/thawing cycle. Apparent viscosity of guar solutions increased with addition of polyols and with the increase in their concentrations, except for 40 g/100 g sorbitol addition to 1 g/100 g guar gum, in which the apparent viscosity decreased. Addition of polyols also increased the dynamic moduli of the systems. In mixtures of guar with 40 g/100 g polyol, the phase angle (δ) was below unity, but was dependent on frequency, which is characteristic of concentrated solutions with a certain degree of structuring. FTIR spectroscopy was studied to provide information on possible interactions between guar gum and polyols. Analyses carried out after freezing/thawing showed no changes in the viscoelastic behavior of the solutions. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
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Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia - IQ
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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1. A lo largo de las últimas décadas, se han dado pasos de acercamiento entre Panamá y el proceso de integración centroamericana. A lo largo de este proceso, Panamá ha participado en algunas reuniones de los organismos de la integración regional, ha firmado acuerdos comerciales con sus miembros y ha analizado el cómo y cuándo ingresar al proceso de integración centroamericana. Recientemente, como consecuencia del proceso de globalización y el establecimiento de la política de regionalismo abierto en la región, las posturas de los países centroamericanos y Panamá se han acercado como nunca antes. Atendiendo a estos cambios y a lo dispuesto en el programa de trabajo regular de la Unidad de Comercio Internacional e Industria (UCII); para 2008-2009, se ha llevado a cabo un estudio sobre "Panamá y el proceso de integración centroamericana", en el que se analizan algunas áreas relevantes que podrán acercar más a Panamá y al proceso de integración centroamericana, y se identifican algunas determinantes que han facilitado un vínculo más estrecho entre Panamá y Costa Rica. 2. La Reunión de Expertos sobre “Panamá en el proceso de integración centroamericana” responde al compromiso establecido en el Plan de trabajo regular de la CEPAL para 2008-2009 para llevar a cabo una reunión de expertos relativa al tema de integración y políticas comerciales en la subregión. Las sugerencias de los expertos citados en está reunión ayudaron a elaborar la versión final del documento Panamá y el proceso de integración centroamericana”. 3. Lo que sigue de este informe tiene como objetivo principal dar cuenta de la organización, dinámica y conclusiones de este evento. Report on the Meeting of Experts on Panama in the process of Central American integration Abstract: 1. During the greater part of the past decades, Panama has begun approaching the process of Central American integration. Throughout this process, Panama has participated in several meetings with the organizations focused on regional integration, and signed several trade agreements with their members, as well as analyzed how and when to join the process of Central American integration. Recently, as a consequence of globalization and establishment of regional policies of openness in the region, the positions of the countries of Central America and Panama have become closer aligned than ever before. In response to these changes and information over the regular work program of the Unit for International Trade and Industry (UCII); for 2008-2009, a study was carried out over the subject of Panama and the process of Central American integration, in which some areas relevant to the subject Panama and the process of Central American integration were analyzed, and determinants that have facilitated a stronger link between Panama and Costa Rica were identified. 2. The meeting of experts over “ Panama and the process of Central American integration”, was in response to commitment established in the regular work plan of ECLAC for 2008-2009 to carry out a meeting experts on the matters of integration and trade policies of the subregion. The suggestions of the experts quoted from this event, helped to elaborate the final version of the report “Panama and the process of Central American integration”. 3. The main objective of this report is to provide information over the organization, dynamics and conclusions of this event.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Incluye Bibliografía
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Includes bibliography
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Publicación bilingüe
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
